Influence of the main tillage methods on the moisture temperature mode of the soil and the yield of winter wheat

Abstract The objective of this study was the model comparison and economic evaluation of different methods of soil tillage and crop stand establishments used. Based on yield results (winter wheat, spring barley, and white mustard cultivated in three-crop rotation) from field experiments with conventional, conservation with minimum tillage, and no-tillage methods conducted at the site Prague-Ruzyně, model economic balances were evaluated. Prices of the main products were determined based on the yield results from the period 2010-2013 and the current market prices. In the individual tillage systems, the total costs of production of evaluated crops were counted up and profitability was calculated as a ratio of profit to total costs. The highest total costs of crop cultivation were identified in cereals under conventional soil tillage, on the contrary, the lowest in cereals cultivated under conservation tillage technology. As for the growing technologies, the highest profitability was found in winter wheat, as for the tillage methods, it was in the conservation variant with minimum tillage. The economic evaluation for individual crops was based on standards of growing technologies and particular work operations.

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Micronutrient Concentrations in Soil and Wheat Decline by Long-Term Tillage and Winter Wheat–Pea Rotation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 359 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Santosh Shiwakoti ◽

Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽

Hero T. Gollany ◽

Baoshan Xing ◽

Markus Kleber

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Vital Role ◽

Manganese Concentration ◽

Tillage Methods

Tillage plays a major role in nutrient dynamics under dryland cropping systems, but there remains uncertainty regarding the long-term impacts of tillage on nutrient availability. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of tillage intensity and timing on micronutrient concentration of soils and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under dryland winter wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) or WW-P rotation. The treatments included moldboard tillage in fall (FT) and spring (ST), disk/chisel tillage (DT), and no-tillage (NT). The concentrations of Mehlich III extractable boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron in soil were unaffected by the tillage methods; however, a significant decline in extractable zinc in the top 10 cm soil was observed compared to an adjacent undisturbed grass pasture (GP) (NT: 2.3 mg kg−1 vs. GP: 6.0 mg kg−1). In the upper 10 cm soil surface, NT (123 mg kg−1) maintained the extractable manganese concentration with GP (175 mg kg−1) whereas FT (97 mg kg−1), ST (92 mg kg−1), and DT (113 mg kg−1) had lower manganese than GP. Soil pH declined in the upper 10 cm under NT more than in the rest of the WW-P treatments. The results suggest NT can play a vital role in sustaining micronutrient availability due to decreased soil pH and the greater amount of organic matter within the surface soil of NT compared to other tillage methods.

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Methods of tilling under conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening during winter wheat cultivation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017509008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 09008

Author(s):

Julia Semenikhina ◽

Sergey Kambulov ◽

Galina Parkhomenko ◽

Andrey Boyko ◽

Svetlana Ponomareva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Atmospheric Moisture ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Leguminous Crop ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Direct Sowing ◽

Tillage Methods

Acute deficit of soil moisture during the growing season of crops negatively affects the yield. Various tillage methods that are part of the technology (traditional and zero) of winter wheat cultivation affect the soil structure in the topsoil, forming the soil structure in such a way that it acquires the properties of accumulation and preservation of atmospheric moisture. Purpose of the study is to determine the method of soil cultivation that contributes into increase in winter wheat productivity and moisture preservation in the soil. The study of various tillage methods was carried out under the conditions of many years of stationary experience in leguminous crop rotation. Soil and climatic conditions over the years of research were taken into account. The researched processing methods that form the basis of the traditional cultivation technology and implement their tillage tools are: surface - disc harrow B7T; small combined unit KUM 4; dump plow PN5-35. And cultivation of winter wheat by seeder of direct sowing WINTERSTEIGER Plotseed according to zero technology was studied, i.e. the main tillage was absent.

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Evaluation of reduced tillage technologies in corn production based on soil and crop analyses

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/2/3599 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Attila Megyes ◽

Tamás Rátonyi ◽

János Nagy ◽

Márta Kovács

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Corn Yield ◽

No Till ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Direct Sowing ◽

Tillage Methods

Despite new cultivation methods, the proportion of conventionally cultivated land is still very high in Hungary.Although these technologies demand more time, labour and fuel, they are still attractive to users because they require less professional skill and simple machinery. In Hungary, conventional tillage methods usually lead to soil deterioration, soil compaction and a decrease in organic content. These side effects have caused gradually strengthening economic and environmental problems.The technologies for those plants which are dominant on Hungarian arable lands use (winter wheat, maize, sunflower and barley) need to be improved both in the interest of environmental protection and the reduction of cultivation costs.The Department of Land Use at Debrecen University is cooperating with KITE Sc. to carry out soil tillage experiments at two pilot locations to prove tillage technologies already used in the USA.The aim of our examination is to adapt new technological developments and machinery, and to improve them on Hungarian soil for local environmental conditions. With these improved machines, the field growing of plants could be executed by less manipulation and better suited to economic and environmental needs. The most significant task is to investigate and improve the conventional cultivation replacing, new soil-protecting tillage technologies, and to apply no-till and mulch tillage systems.On the basis of the experiments’ survey data, we established that the looseness and moisture content of the soil using reduced tillage is more favourable than after using conventional technologies. The results of no-till and shallow spring tillage are behind those of winter plough or disk ripper cultivation in corn yield and production elements.To preserve moisture content in the soil, the ground clearing and sowing while simultaneously performing no-till method presents the most favourable results. The surplus moisture gained using no-till technology is equal to 40 mm precipitation.Regarding the yield of winter wheat we established that the tillage methods do not affect plant yield. Both disk ripper and conventional disc cultivation showed nearly the same harvest results (5.55 or 5.5 t/ha), where the difference is statistically hardly verifiable from the no-till method. From the individual production of corn and the number of plants planted in unit area, calculated results prove that no significant difference can be detected between the production of winter plough and disk ripper technology. Although the yield achieved with the no-till method is less than with the previously mentioned technologies, the difference is only 9-10%. We received the lowest production at shallow spring tillage.Evaluations have shown a 1.1 t/ha (13%) difference in the yield of maize, between winter tillage and the disk ripper method, in this case the traditional method resulted in higher yield. In winter tillage, the yield of maize was 1.9-2.1 t/ha (23-25%) higher than in the case of direct sowing and cultivator treatments. No significant difference could be noted between the yields of direct sowing and cultivator treatments.Our research so far has proved the industrial application of reduced tillage methods in crop cultivation technologies.

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Вплив способів основного обробітку ґрунту та систем удобрення на урожайність пшениці озимої

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2018.04.12 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 80-84

Author(s):

О. А. Саюк ◽

Н. М. Плотницька ◽

І. О. Павлюк ◽

В. П. Ткачук

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Winter Wheat Variety ◽

Tillage Method ◽

Fertilization System ◽

Tillage Methods

В умовах Полісся України досліджено вплив способів обробітку ґрунту та систем удобрення на урожайність зерна пшениці озимої сорту Колос Миронівщини. Встановлено, що урожайність зерна пшениці озимої залежить від способу обробітку ґрунту та системи удобрення. Дослідженнями встановлено, що оптимальним способом обробітку ґрунту в разі вирощування пшениці озимої в умовах Полісся України є оранка на глибину 18–20 см. Використання інших досліджуваних способів обробітку ґрунту призводить до втрат урожайності зерна в межах 0,08–0,56 т/га. Використання добрив сприяє підвищенню урожайності зерна пшениці озимої сорту Колос Миронівщини. Застосування органічної системи удобрення сприяє підвищенню урожайності зерна в межах 15,29–35,63 %, органо-мінеральної – в межах 28,36–44,44 %, за різних систем обробітку ґрунту у порівнянні із варіантами без удобрення. Influence of soil tillage methods and fertilization systems on yield of winter wheat variety Kolos Myronivshchyny in the conditions of Polissia in Ukraine has been investigated. The research was conducted during the period of 2016–2017 under the conditions of the experimental field of the Institute for Agriculture of Polissia NAAS. in the stationary and temporary experiments, which are located on the typical sod mesopodzol sandy soils for the Polissia region. Four types of soil tillage were studied in the experiment (plowing, 18–20 cm, plowing, 12–14 cm, disc plowing, 8–10 cm, subsurface plowing, 18–20 cm) on three fertilizing backgrounds (no fertilizers, organo-mineral fertili-zation system; organic fertilization system). The experiment was laid by the method of split areas: methods of soil tillage were studied on the first-order areas with sown area of 529 m2, fertilization systems were studied on the second-order areas with an accounting area of 72 m2 . The repetition of the experiment is three -time. It has been established that yield of winter wheat depends on the soil tillage method and fertilization system. Applying field-free soil tillage methods of winter wheat yield decreased comparing to the tillage with the rotation of furrow slice, regardless of the fertilization system. The research has established that the optimal soil tillage method during winter wheat cultivation under the conditions of Polissia is plowing to a depth of 18–20 cm. The use of other investigated tillage methods results in losses of grain yield within the range of 0.08–0.56 t/ha. Fertilizers application causes increase of yield of winter wheat variety Kolos Myronivshchyny. Application of organic fertilization system contributes to increase of grain yield in the limits of 15.29–35.63%, organo-mineral system - within the limits of 28.36–44.44%, with different systems of soil tillage in comparison with the variants without fertilization. It is reasonably to plow up to a depth of 18–20 cm and use of organo-mineral fertilization system, which ensures the formation of the highest grain yield in the range of 3.96 t/ha in the conditions of Polissia of Ukraine.

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Influence of primary tillage methods on moisture-temperature soil regime and winter wheat yield

Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering ◽

10.31774/2712-9357-2021-11-3-182-193 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu. A. Semenikhina ◽

◽

S. I. Kambulov ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Southern Zone ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Winter Wheat Yield ◽

Tillage Methods

Purpose: to study the influence of soil cultivation methods on soil moisture-temperature regime and the winter wheat yield under conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture. Materials and methods: the study of various primary soil tillage methods was carried out under the conditions of long-term stationary experience in 2017–2019 on the isolated field of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Asovsliy Scientific Centre “Donskoy” (southern zone of Rostov region). The cultivated crop is Stanichnaya variety winter wheat, the predecessor is peas. The experimental site soil is ordinary calcareous heavy loamy chernozem. The studied tillage methods are surface, shallow, moldboard and zero (direct seeding). The method for determining the relative humidity and soil temperature in an autonomous mode was based on the use of Watch Dog 1400 Micro meteorological stations (recorders) from Spectrum Technologies, Inc., the soil moisture and temperature sensors were located at a depth of 30 cm. At the same time, the air humidity and temperature and the accumulation precipitation were monitored. Results: it was found that in the southern zone of Rostov region, zero tillage throughout the entire observation period provides high moisture conservation, preventing soil overheating, at the same time allowing to obtain a consistently high yield of winter wheat, which compares favorably with other tillage methods. Conclusions: comparison of various tillage methods with leading in all indicators zero tillage allowed to establish that, on average, with surface tillage, soil moisture is lower by 17.75 %, soil temperature is higher by 4.12 %, and yield is lower by 8.37 %. With shallow tillage, the soil moisture is 20.12 % lower, the soil temperature is 12.19 % higher, and the yield is 12.14 % lower. With the moldboard method, soil moisture is lower by 13.19 %, the soil temperature is higher by 11.48 %, and the yield is lower by 5.44 %.

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Broadcasting Winter Wheat Can Increase Grain Yield without Reducing the Kernels per Spike and the Kernel Weight

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10124858 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4858 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yunlong Zhai ◽

Quanzhong Wu ◽

Guodong Chen ◽

Hailin Zhang ◽

Xiaogang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

North China ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Area Index ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Straw Return ◽

Tillage Methods

In North China, row spacing is the most common planting pattern used for winter wheat. Currently, there are three sowing and tillage methods for row spacing: rotary tillage sowing with straw return (RTS), subsoil tillage sowing with straw return (DTS), and no-tillage sowing with straw return (NTS). Recently, Hao proposed a new sowing pattern called uniform broadcast sowing with straw return (BSS) which could increase winter wheat yield. In this research, a field experiment was conducted during the growing seasons in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Jimai 22 was sowed with the four seeding and tillage methods—RTS, DTS, NTS, and BSS—at the China Agriculture University Wuqiao experimental station in the North China Plain. After tillage sowing and determining the sowing efficiency, the effective cover ratio of the seeds was measured, and the emergence ratio was calculated after emergence. In the two growing seasons, the growth and development stages were recorded. The dry matter accumulation (DMA), the yield, and the yield components (spikes per hectare, kernels per spike, and kernel weight) were also determined. We also measured the canopy structure leaf area index (LAI) and the stand uniformity. The results showed that BSS had the lowest emergence rate and lowest plant stands when compared with the other treatments. However, BSS had the highest grain yield at 7599.0 kg·ha−1 and 9763.3 kg·ha−1, which was 11.55, 16.17, 20.16% and 13.01, 15.68, 21.88% higher than DTS, RTS, and NTS in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons, respectively. The improved grain yield of BSS was due to the increased productive tillers per hectometer-squared, which was attributed to the higher stand uniformity. More importantly, the increased tillers per hectare and grain yield were not accompanied by a reduction in grain number per spike or grain weight. The stand uniformity could facilitate canopy construction and population architecture and result in more even sunlight distribution, increased leaf area index (LAI) and sunlight interception, and enhanced photosynthetic activity. The stand uniformity also could increase both the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis DMA and promote the harvest index (HI). This study indicates that BSS is the most suitable sowing method for winter wheat production in North China.

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