Affordable Housing for Low-Income Communities: Between Residental and Investment

Abstract In 2015, one independent community pharmacy partnered with the local Area Agency on Aging to provide medication coaching to low-income, culturally diverse, older adults living in 6 affordable housing buildings in the Seattle area. A pilot was conducted during the 2015-2016 fiscal year to determine the need for and feasibility of the service. Process outcomes, including patient and service demographics, medication-related problems, and pharmacist interventions, were captured via the pharmacists’ patient care documentation. Pharmacists had 34 total visits with 17 unique residents who were taking an average of 8.1 medications. Pharmacists identified 97 medication-related problems, averaging 5.7 problems per resident, and performed 88 interventions, averaging 5.2 interventions per resident. The findings of this pilot demonstrated the needs and feasibility of implementing pharmacists’ services within a housing organization structure and has resulted in the continuation and growth of the program.

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Investing in Gentrification: The Eligibility of Gentrifying Neighborhoods for Federal Place-Based Economic Investment in U.S. Cities

Urban Affairs Review ◽

10.1177/10780874211032637 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107808742110326

Author(s):

Noli Brazil ◽

Amanda Portier

Keyword(s):

Community Development ◽

Financial Institutions ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Business Development ◽

Tax Credits ◽

New Markets ◽

Job Opportunities ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Improvement

Place-based policies commonly target disadvantaged neighborhoods for economic improvement, typically in the form of job opportunities, business development or affordable housing. To ensure that investment is channeled to truly distressed areas, place-based programs narrow the pool of eligible neighborhoods based on a set of socioeconomic criteria. The criteria, however, may not be targeting the places most in need. In this study, we examine the relationship between neighborhood gentrification status and 2018 eligibility for the New Markets Tax Credits, Opportunity Zones, Low Income Housing Tax Credits, and the Community Development Financial Institutions Program. We find that large percentages of gentrifying neighborhoods are eligible for each of the four programs, with many neighborhoods eligible for multiple programs. The Opportunity Zone program stands out, with the probability of eligibility nearly twice as high for gentrifying tracts than not-gentrifying tracts. We also found that the probability of eligibility increases with a greater percentage of adjacent neighborhoods experiencing gentrification.

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Identifying Perceived Barriers and Benefits to Reducing Energy Consumption in an Affordable Housing Complex

Social Marketing Quarterly ◽

10.1177/1524500416632406 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 159-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dan Reaves ◽

Caroline M. Clevenger ◽

MaryEllen Nobe ◽

Patricia A. Aloise-Young

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Community Based ◽

Target Behaviors ◽

Housing Complex ◽

Two Phases ◽

Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽

Reducing Energy

Reduction of energy consumption in the affordable housing sector is highly impacted by human behavior. However, only limited behavior change research exists that is aimed at reducing energy consumption in this sector. This study seeks to implement the first two phases of the community-based social marketing (CBSM) framework in an affordable housing setting. The goals of the research are to identify the optimal behaviors for energy reduction and to identify the perceived barriers and benefits associated with those behaviors in a low-income housing facility. The results of this study identify five target behaviors along with their barriers and benefits. In addition, the study identifies potential issues and nuances in the CBSM process that researchers should take into consideration during future implementations of CBSM in affordable housing environments.

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Favelas, Affordable Housing, and Authoritarian Urbanism in the Era of Mass Eradication in Rio de Janeiro, 1960s–1970s

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.712 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Benmergui

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Social Science Research ◽

Urban Infrastructure ◽

Science Research ◽

Military Regimes ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Right ◽

The City

As the number of favelas and poor residents of Rio de Janeiro grew quickly by the mid-20th century, they became the object of policymaking, social science research, real estate speculation, and grassroots mobilization. After a decade in which local authorities recognized the de facto presence of favelas but without legally ascertaining the right of permanence, the 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the era of mass eradication. Seemingly contradictory—but complementary—policies also included the development of massive low-income housing complexes and innovative community development and favela urbanization experiences empowered by community organizations with the assistance of experts committed to improving the lives of poor Cariocas (residents of Rio). Favelas in Rio were at the crossroads of a particular interplay of forces: the urgent need to modernize Rio’s obsolete and inadequate urban infrastructure; the new administrative status of the city after the inauguration of Brasilia; and the redefinition of the balance of power between local, municipal, and federal forces in a time of radical politics and authoritarian and technocratic military regimes, Cold War diplomacy, and the transnational flows of expertise and capital.

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The Rebuilding of the South Bronx after the Fiscal Crisis

Journal of Urban History ◽

10.1177/0096144217714764 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 932-959

Author(s):

Themis Chronopoulos

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Economic Policy ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

The United States ◽

City Government ◽

The South ◽

South Bronx ◽

Public Subsidies ◽

The One

This article explores the rebuilding of the South Bronx since 1977. This rebuilding represents an important public policy accomplishment, since the South Bronx was one of the most physically devastated areas in the United States. In terms of economic policy, the rebuilding of the South Bronx defies linear narratives. One the one hand, public–private partnerships, which represent some of the most important features of urban neoliberalism, were used heavily in the revitalization of the South Bronx. Community organizations that had been rebuilding areas in the South Bronx in the 1970s and the 1980s were required to conform to the requirements of the market, if they were to continue participating in urban development. On the other hand, the building of housing for low- and moderate-income people is not exactly a neoliberal economic policy, since these housing units were built with public subsidies and regulated by government agencies. In its insistence to rebuild the South Bronx as well as other physically devastated areas, the city government of New York became involved in creative financing by incorporating nongovernment organizations that were ran by accomplished businesspeople but remained nonprofit. And whatever the original intentions of city administrations in building and preserving affordable housing in the South Bronx may have been, the accommodation of so many low-income people performing low-paying but essential jobs has contributed to the making of a more vibrant urban economy, even if these same people are not necessarily the ones benefitting from New York’s economic dynamism.

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Movable Possessions: alternative housing through adaptable design

10.32920/ryerson.14654655.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Marshall

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Design Research ◽

Vernacular Architecture ◽

Design Principles ◽

Short Term ◽

Adaptable Design ◽

Alternative Housing ◽

The World

Poor communities around the world have developed architecture without architects. Subsidized low-income housing has been built as if to provide only a shortterm solution. Poverty and lack of affordable housing is not a short-term problem but an ongoing issue that demands creative adaptable solutions for a changing world. Adaptable architecture is essential for the redesign of affordable housing that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. In order to mend the broken bond between lower-incomes and the architectural quality of space, this design research strives to both defend and produce affordable architectural alternatives to housing through the use of adaptable design principles and strategies found within Barbados’ Vernacular Architecture, the Chattel house.

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The LIHTC Program, Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty, and High-Opportunity Neighborhoods

10.37419/jpl.v6.i2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 89-112

Author(s):

Kirk McClure ◽

Anne R. Williamson ◽

Hye-Sung Han ◽

Brandon Weiss

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Site Selection ◽

Active Role ◽

Housing Production ◽

Fair Housing ◽

Production Program ◽

Selection Decisions ◽

Local Officials ◽

State And Local

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) program remains the na- tion’s largest affordable housing production program. LIHTC units are under-represented in the neighborhoods that both promote movement to high- opportunity neighborhoods and affirmatively further fair housing. State and local officials should play an active role in guiding site selection decisions and ensuring that LIHTC developments are located in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing. Planners can use newly available data discussed herein to identify high-opportunity tracts.

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Production of Light Weight Blocks Using Rice Husk

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i930473 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

C. U. Okpoechi ◽

C. A. Emma-Ochu ◽

L. C. Ibemere ◽

P. Ibe ◽

E. O. Onwuka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Waste Product ◽

Housing Construction ◽

Management Problem ◽

Solid Core ◽

Structural Walls ◽

Waste Products ◽

Wide Range

Affordable housing has remained a major challenge in Nigeria, as housing costs have continued to rise beyond the reach of the low income population. This paper explores the use of waste products like rice husk as alternative materials for housing construction. Rice husk is abundant as a waste product in areas where rice is processed commercially in Southeast Nigeria. The aim of the study is to create rice husk blocks that are cheap, lightweight, and appropriate for use in low income housing construction. The study was conducted through experimentation in the Building Technology workshop of Federal Polytechnic Nekede. A series of trial mixes were done involving a wide range of materials and mix proportions. Rice husk, Portland cement, and cassava starch, were found to be the most appropriate components for the blocks. The blocks produced were of good appearance, and lightweight. Five samples of solid core blocks measuring 150x150x150mm were tested in Strength of Materials laboratory of the Federal University of Technology Owerri. The average compressive strength of the blocks was 0.26N/mm2, which is below the Nigerian Industrial Standard NIS 87:2007. The blocks produced were considered appropriate for use as non-load bearing partitions and not structural walls. The result of the study is promising because the rice husk blocks help address the waste management problem in affected areas, and could also be an important component of a potentially useful material. This paper recommends further research in the area of improving the strength of the blocks, to make them usable as structural components in low rise buildings.

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Sustainable housing financing model to reduce South Africa housing deficit

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis ◽

10.1108/ijhma-07-2016-0051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 410-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bashir Olanrewaju Ganiyu ◽

Julius Ayodeji Fapohunda ◽

Rainer Haldenwang

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Low Cost ◽

South African Government ◽

The South ◽

African Government ◽

Content Type ◽

Mortgage Payment

Purpose This study aims to identify and establish effective housing financing concepts to be adopted by government in achieving its mandate of providing sustainable affordable housing for the poor to decrease the building of shacks, as well as proposing solutions to the housing deficit in South Africa. A rise in demand and shortage in supply of housing calls for the need to address issues of affordable housing in South Africa, and developing countries in general, to ensure a stable and promising future for poor families. Design/methodology/approach Literature has revealed that the South African government, at all levels, accorded high priority to the provision of low-cost housing. Thus, government has adopted subsidy payment as a method of financing affordable housing to ensure that houses are allocated free to the beneficiaries. This also addresses the historically race-based inequalities of the past, but unfortunately, this has not been fully realised. This study uses a sequential mixed method approach, where private housing developers and general building contractors were the research participants. The qualitative data were analysed using a case-by-case analysis, and quantitative data were analysed using a descriptive statistical technique on SPSS. Findings The results of the qualitative analysis reveal a gross abuse of the housing subsidies system by the beneficiaries of government-funded housing in South Africa. This is evident from illegal sale of the houses below market value. This has led to a continual building of shacks and an increased number of people on the housing waiting list instead of a decrease in the housing deficit. The results from quantitative analysis affirm the use of “Mortgage Payment Subsidies, Mortgage Payment Deductions, Down-Payment Grant and Mortgage Interest Deductions” as viable alternatives to subsidy payment currently in use to finance affordable housing projects by the South African Government. Practical implications At the moment, the focus of the South African National Government is continual provision of free housing to the historically disadvantage citizens, but the housing financing method being used encourages unapproved transfer of ownership in the affordable housing sector. This study thus recommends the use of an all-inclusive housing financing method that requires a monetary contribution from the beneficiaries to enable them take control of the process. Originality/value The relational interface model proposed in this study will reduce pressure on government budgetary provision for housing and guarantee quick return of private developers’ investment in housing. Government must, as a matter of urgency, launch a continuous awareness programme to educate the low-income population on the value and the long-term benefits of the housing.

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Halfway Homeowners: Eviction and Forced Relocation in a Florida Manufactured Home Park

Law & Social Inquiry ◽

10.1111/lsi.12070 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 474-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Esther Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

Low Income ◽

Mobile Home ◽

Private Lands ◽

Manufactured Housing ◽

State Regulations ◽

For Profit ◽

Private Interests ◽

Forced Relocation ◽

The Stability

The last four decades of US housing policy have seen a shift from the federal allocation of affordable housing as a public good to the neoliberal model of private and for‐profit provision of affordable housing. This shift warrants a study of the link between the interests that now shape low‐income housing markets and the stability of the housing they provide. Nowhere are the effects of this shift more evident than in the homes of the 20 million Americans living in manufactured housing, which is installed largely on the private lands of for‐profit developers who can close mobile home parks and force residents to move themselves and their homes with as little as 30 days' notice. This ethnography of mass eviction in a Florida mobile home park examines state regulations intended to protect residents of closing parks and analyzes how private interests shape the implementation of these policies.

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