scholarly journals The combined irrigation of sweet pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
S A Kurbanov ◽  
D S Magomedova

Abstract The advantages of drip irrigation of many agricultural crops are well known, but it does not allow to regulate the phytoclimate in the “environment-plant” system, which is especially important for the conditions of the hot and dry climate of the Republic of Dagestan. Currently, the efficiency of fine sprinkling on the background of drip irrigation was insufficiently studied, as questions remain the combined effect of irrigation on crop productivity in real climatic conditions on the effectiveness of combination with other agronomic techniques, etc. Experimental studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Land Reclamation in the educational and experimental farm of the Dagestan State Agrarian University. The main purpose of the research was to determine the parameters of the combined irrigation technology, its effect on the microclimate of the irrigated field and the phytoclimate of plants, as well as the productivity of sweet pepper. As the result of experimental studies, it was found that the use of a combined irrigation system (drip irrigation + fine sprinkling) when cultivating sweet pepper allows to obtain an additional 9.4 t/ha of marketable products by optimizing the growing conditions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
А.Ш. Халимбеков ◽  
С.А. Курбанов ◽  
Д.С. Магомедова

Представлены материалы экспериментальных исследований по разработке элементов технологии возделывания столовой свеклы на луговых среднесуглинистых почвах сухостепной равнинной зоны Дагестана. Цель исследований – повышение урожайности свеклы столовой на основе выбора оптимальной схемы и густоты посева свеклы сорта Бордо 237, а также применения регулятора роста Биостим Универсал с использованием системы капельного орошения. Фактор А – схемы посева с двумя вариантами: А1 – широкорядный посев с междурядьем 45 см (контроль) и А2 – двустрочный ленточный посев по схеме 20+50. Фактор В – густота посевов с тремя вариантами: В1 – расстояние в ряду через 6 см, В2 – через 8 см и В3 – через 10 см соответственно, что в зависимости от схемы посева обеспечивало густоту посева столовой свеклы от 222 до 473 тыс. шт/га. Фактор С – обработка растений с двумя вариантами: С1 – опрыскивание водой (контроль) и С2 – некорневая подкормка биостимулятором-антистрессантом Биостим Универсал (в фазе 4–6 листа) и при 50%-ном смыкании рядков (в фазе 8–10 листа). Доза применения препарата – 2,0 л/га с расходом рабочего раствора 200–400 л/га. Система капельного орошения состояла из поливных трубопроводов с расстоянием между ними 0,7 м, между капельницами – 0,3 м с расходом воды 2 л/ч. Средний срок посева – первая декада апреля. Поддержание необходимого режима орошения свеклы столовой обеспечивали вегетационными поливами с нормой 125 м3/га при оросительной норме 2875 м3/га. Выявлено, что наиболее оптимальная схема посева столовой свеклы: двустрочный ленточный посев – 20+50 см с расстоянием в ряду через 8 см, которая при двукратной некорневой подкормке препаратом Биостим Универсал в дозе 2,0 л/га с расходом рабочего раствора 200–400 л/га обеспечивает урожайность 59,8 т/га корнеплодов при их высоком качестве. The materials of experimental studies on the development of elements of the technology of cultivation of table beets on meadow medium loamy soils of the dry-steppe plain zone of Dagestan are presented. The purpose of the research is to increase the yield of table beet based on the selection of the optimal scheme and the density of sowing of Bordo 237 beet, as well as the use of a Biostimulator growth regulator using a drip irrigation system. Factor A is a seeding scheme with two options: A1 is a wide-row seeding with a row spacing of 45 cm (control) and A2 is a two-line ribbon seeding according to the scheme 20+50. Factor B is the density of crops with three options: B1 – the distance in a row after 6 cm, B2 – after 8 cm and B3 – after 10 cm, respectively, which, depending on the sowing scheme, provided the density of table beet sowing from 222 to 473 thousand pcs/ha. Factor C – treatment of plants with two options: C1 – spraying with water, control and C2 – foliar feeding with biostimulator-antistressant Biostim Universal (in the phase of 4–6 leaves) and with 50% closure of rows (in the phase of 8–10 leaves). The dose of the biostimulator is 2.0 l/ha with a working solution consumption of 200–400 l/ha. The drip irrigation system consisted of irrigation pipelines with a distance of 0.7 m between them, 0.3 m between droppers with a water flow rate of 2 l/h. The average sowing period is 1 decade of April. Maintenance of the necessary irrigation regime of the canteen beet was provided by vegetation irrigation with a rate of 125 m3/ha with an irrigation rate of 2875 m3/ha. It was revealed that the most optimal scheme for sowing table beets: two-line ribbon sowing – 20+50 cm with a distance in a row through 8 cm, which, with two-fold foliar top dressing with a Biostim Universal at a dose of 2.0 l/ha with a working solution consumption of 200–400 l/ha, provides a yield of 59.8 t/ha of root crops with their high quality.


1969 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
J. C. W. Keng ◽  
T. W. Scott ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López

A drip irrigation system using porous plastic tubing was designed to study operational techniques of drip irrigation and fertilizer management in a highly weathered, leached, relatively low fertility, acid Oxisol. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) was the test crop. All plots received an initial broadcast application of a 10-4.4-8.3 N-P-K fertilizer at the rate of 80 kg/ha. The experiment followed a randomized complete block layout with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were as follows: 1) N and K injected into the drip system, P banded; 2) banded N, P and K with drip irrigation; 3) broadcast N, P and K with drip irrigation; and 4) control-drip irrigation, no N, P and K other than the initial overall broadcast application. All treatments, except the control, received a total of 56.8 g of a 10-10-10 fertilizer per plant and all were uniformly drip irrigated according to pan evaporation data. Two crops were grown: one in the dry season and one in wet season. Yields were significantly different among all treatments for the dry season crop, with a high of 82.62 kg/ha for the treatments where Nand K were injected into the drip system and a low of 31.54 kg/ha for the control. For the wet season crop, no significant yield differences were found when fertilizer was injected into the drip system and when banded, but both these treatments were superior in yield to that of broadcast. These three treatments were superior to the control, with more than 100% increase. Drip irrigation is a promising alternative to currently used water-nutrient management methods for Oxisols in the wet-dry tropics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Abdunazar Dadoboev

Features and comparative characteristics of metal and composite reinforcement are shown. Theoretical and experimental studies of the strength characteristics of concrete beams reinforced with fiberglass and metal reinforcement are presented. The use of fiberglass reinforcement can be economically efficient in the construction of brick buildings.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Jat ◽  
P. C. Sharma ◽  
Ashim Datta ◽  
Madhu Choudhary ◽  
S. K. Kakraliya ◽  
...  

AbstractA study was conducted to design productive, profitable, irrigation water¸ nitrogen and energy use efficient intensive cereal systems (rice-wheat; RW and maize-wheat; MW) in North-West India. Bundling of conservation agriculture (CA) with sub-surface drip irrigation termed as CA+ were compared with CA alone and conventional tillage based and flood irrigated RW rotation (farmer’s practice; ScI). In contrast to conventional till RW rotation which consumed 1889 mm ha−1 irrigation water (2-yr mean), CA+ system saved 58.4 and 95.5% irrigation water in RW and MW rotations, respectively. CA+ practices saved 45.8 and 22.7% of irrigation water in rice and maize, respectively compared to CA with flood irrigation. On a system basis, CA+ practices saved 46.7 and 44.7% irrigation water under RW (ScV) and MW (ScVI) systems compared to their respective CA-based systems with flood irrigation (ScIII and ScIV). CA+ in RW system recorded 11.2% higher crop productivity and improved irrigation water productivity by 145% and profitability by 29.2% compared to farmers’ practice. Substitution of rice with maize (MW system; ScVI) recorded 19.7% higher productivity, saved 84.5% of irrigation water and increased net returns by 48.9% compared to farmer’s practice. CA+ RW and MW system improved energy productivity by 75 and 169% and partial factor productivity of N by 44.6 and 49.6%, respectively compared to ScI. The sub-surface drip irrigation system saved the fertilizer N by 20% under CA systems. CA+ in RW and MW systems recorded ~13 and 5% (2-yr mean) higher profitability with 80% subsidy on installing sub-surface drip irrigation system and similar profitability without subsidy scenario compared with their respective flood irrigated CA-based systems.


Author(s):  
Kateryna Vasylkovska ◽  
◽  
Mykola Kovalov ◽  
Ludmyla Molokost ◽  
◽  
...  

The article proposes a scheme of drip irrigation for growing vegetables in the backyard. In the conditions of change of climatic conditions, the question of lack of moisture sharply arises. For growing vegetables in areas of risky agriculture, irrigation is an important condition for obtaining high yields. In order to increase the technological efficiency of growing vegetables at the department of general agriculture of the Central Ukrainian National Technical University developed a prototype of a drip irrigation system for vegetables. A series of studies was conducted to provide moisture to the site and preserve soil air exchange. With the use of conventional irrigation, possible negative consequences in the form of soil flooding, the root system of plants is not able to develop evenly and is deficient in oxygen. The calculation and the scheme of drip irrigation of tape type are offered. In the proposed design for drip irrigation of the area under vegetable crops used a container with water to provide a small constant water pressure in the strips. This made it possible to water as needed, as well as to use a solution tank to feed the plants, protect them from stress, improve development and increase yields. The use of drip splicing allowed the first fruits to appear a decade earlier and increase yields by 25-50%. The use of drip tape irrigation system on the experimental plots allowed to increase the quantity and quality of tomato harvest. Also, the use of drip irrigation allowed to maintain the optimal water-physical regime in the root layer of the soil, which created the conditions for a better harvest. Thus, with the change of climatic situation, most of the Kirovohrad region was looking for in the zone of risky agriculture. Drip irrigation has an almost universal application, is effective in intensive technologies for growing crops and ornamental crops, as well as in garden areas, when the condition of the plant largely depends on the accuracy of maintaining the humidity and nutrition of plants.


REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (333) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
А.D. Akbasova ◽  
◽  
N.P. Aubakirov ◽  
G.D. Anarbekova ◽  
G.А. Sainova ◽  
...  

The work is devoted to the study of the chemical composition of well waters located on the territory of the mausoleum complex of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi. On the basis of experimental studies, the salinity of well waters increases every year. It is especially different in 2019 when, compared to the previous 10 years (2009-2018), there was a sharp increase in the total salt content by 1,5 times in the inner well and about 2,3 times in the outer well. The reason for this is the intense pollution of atmospheric air, soil, plants and other environmental objects due to an increase in the volume of construction work resulting from this waste, the number of servicing vehicles and the emergence of a number of new anthropogenic factors. The article also considers data from the Kazhydromet of the Republic of Kazakhstan that characterize changes in natural and climatic conditions, exactly, the amount of precipitation by month. Based on the calculated data, we have shown that water evaporation is 4-5 times higher than the amount of precipitation in the region. As a result of evaporation, moisture rises through the capillaries and is further saturated with salts found in building materials. Further, the formed saturated salt solution, undergoing various transformations, such as crystallization, contributes to the formation of salt deposits on the surface of the foundation materials and further walls. This negative phenomenon is one of the factors that lead to a decrease in the stability and safety of the architectural monument.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Lazareva ◽  
Aleksey Parfenov

Take into the account climate and environmental conditions of this region are necessary during modern road construction technologies introduction in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This region’s climate and environmental conditions in many ways are identified as extreme. First of all, it should be noted that Yakutia is the coldest region of the Russian Federation, its territory is completely located in the permafrost zone. At the constructional materials testing center of the Pacific National University, were executed experimental studies to develop technological regulations for the modified bituminous binder manufacturing intended for paving the Lena highway (Yakutsk – Never). In this work, for the polymer-bitumen binder manufacturing, was used bitumen petroleum viscous for road building, grade BND 130/200. In the course of the research, the polymer-bitumen binders PBV 200 and PBV 300 with a brittle temperature not exceeding -35 °C and -40 °C with the thermoplastic elastomers SBS LG 502 (South Korea) and SBS R 30-00A (JSC «Voronezhsintezkauchuk») additives use the formula selecting problem were solved, as well as plasticizer – industrial oil I-40A. To optimize the composition of the binder and further improve its characteristics, it is proposed to use bitumen with increased content of maltene fractions and to include in its composition an adhesion additive of the amphoteric type DAD-1. The resulting polymer-bitumen binder is characterized by a wide performance range – an increased softening temperature and a low brittleness temperature, elasticity (ability to reversible deformations), high adhesion to various rocks. Achieving these goals will improve the asphalt concrete pavement quality and durability in difficult climatic conditions.


Author(s):  
Riyadi Muslim ◽  
Indah Widiastuti ◽  
Danar Susilo Wijayanto

<p class="Abstract">Proper watering system will increase plant growth. Water become important part of dragon fruits growth, it should be fullfilled and controlled. A village with soil characteristic mostly hilly topography, dry, less of water, rocky, and limited plant (dry plant only) need special treatment for being a planting land. But it has some local wisdom exists, the most popular are dragon fruits. A drip irrigation system is applied as an innovation of watering plants method. Water distribute through capillary tube, driply through the plant and controlled, called drip irrigation system. The aim of this reseach to explain the use of  drip irrigation system on dragon fruit plant. Observation and experimental studies has conducted, the community considers drip irrigation as a new technology, presentations show that it is suitable to be applied in their area. This implementation able to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of irrigation through dragon fruits in the village. Futhermore, the implementation of this technology can be used as a real work example to build a better Indonesia.</p>


Author(s):  
Meseret Dawit ◽  
Megersa Olumana Dinka ◽  
Olkeba Tolessa Leta

Integration of advanced irrigation systems and technology is essential to improve crop water productivity and yields, especially in developing countries. This study aims at investigating the effects of adopting a drip irrigation system combined with hand-dug wells on crop water productivity and yields of household farmers and their perception on the proposed scheme over two cropping seasons in the Haramaya District, Ethiopia. We chose three locally called “Kebeles” within the District, and selected a certain number of household farmers that had similar characteristics within each Kebele. The selected farmers had practiced both the proposed drip irrigation with private hand-dug wells water supply (intervention pilots) and traditionally-used surface irrigation with communal water supply (non-intervention pilots) schemes. We also conducted interviews with the selected household farmers, personal observations, and measurements on crop water productivity and yields for both intervention and non-intervention pilots. We found that the proposed drip irrigation system significantly improved the crop productivity and yields of the farmers. More importantly, findings indicated that the use of drip irrigation system combined with hand-dug well water supplies reduced the over-exploitation of water (water savings) and labor-intensive manual-irrigation. The latter particularly helped women to work less on their farm works and thus provided them a flexible system to expand their plot sizes and grow a variety of crops. Overall, the drip irrigation system with water supply from hand-dug wells is highly recommended as it allows a flexible system for household farmers and provides an opportunity to expand their plot sizes with a variety of crops, which is also expected to mitigate the negative implications of climate change on freshwater water resources and crop productivity. However, the farmers of the Haramaya District expressed their need on capacity building, financial and technical supports from local to regional governments and other agencies to ensure an efficient and cost-effective drip irrigation system and to further improve their crop water productivity and yield, food self-sufficieny, and livelihoods. It is also important to consider market-based farming approaches, while promoting efficient irrigation systems and self-supply to ensure quick investment returns. This study recommends to adopt and expand the proposed drip irrigation system at household levels in Sub-Saharan and other similar regions.


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