scholarly journals Some results of the study of alfalfa and meadow clover samples created by biotechnology methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
M N Agafodorova ◽  
P D Solozhentsev ◽  
L A Solodkaya ◽  
L I Lapotyshkina ◽  
I A Klimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Gamete Selection

Abstract The conditions for creating alfalfa samples MN-2 (from the Selena variety) and P-67 (from the Lugovaya variety) with increased resistance to Fusarium pathogens using the method of gamete selection are described. The method is based on the selection of gametes in vivo under the influence of a selective factor (culture filtrate) introduced into the generative organs at the early stages of their development using vacuum infiltration. The method was developed in the biotechnology department of the V.N. V.R. Williams. The accessions are included in the breeding process and are currently the accessory varieties. In order to identify differences at the genetic level between the created varieties and the original forms, a comparative analysis was carried out using 2 types of molecular markers based on the PCR method. DNA polymorphism was detected using SRAP primers, which may indicate a change in the structure of genes associated with economic and biological traits. Research is ongoing. When growing under the conditions of a selection and greenhouse complex of acid-tolerant plants of meadow clover, created using cellular technologies in vitro, the infestation by powdery mildew of 120 acid-tolerant plants was studied. No signs of damage were found in 10% of plants. The largest number of affected plants (36.7%) had a score of 3. It was found that a high infestation with powdery mildew (scores 4 and 5) significantly reduces the number of inflorescences in the bush to 83.4 and 75.7%, respectively. Therefore, in further studies to create a population of acid-tolerant plants, the genotypes of meadow clover were used without signs and with a low score of powdery mildew damage.

scholarly journals Comparative study of estrogen receptor α, β mRNA expressions of endometriosis and normal endometrium in women and analysis of potential synthetic anti-estrogens in silico

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldafira Eldafira ◽  
Abinawanto Abinawanto ◽  
Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi ◽  
Asmarinah Asmarinah ◽  
Purnomo Soeharso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Normal Endometrium ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental factors interact causing its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) in endometriosis patients compared to normal endometrioum (n=18) as a control by using Quantitative Real Time PCR method. Moreover, we also measured serum estradiol levels of endometriosis patients in the proliferation phase of the menstrual cycle using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The mRNA expression of ERβ was significantly higher in the endometriosis group compared to control, and the result of t-test showed that were significantly different (P<0.05). Overexpression of ERβ in endometriosis was likely to have other significant important impacts in the pathology of endometriosis that allowed ERβ to stimulate prostaglandin production in endometriosis tissue and cells. Estradiol content did not correlate with the ERα expression, and it is weakly correlated with ERβ mRNA expression. Molecular docking analysis showed that ERα and ERβ have different binding interactions with synthetic antiestrogens, whereas the best inhibitor was Ral2 to ERα and Aco1 to ERβ. Thus, both inhibitors could be used as leads in further investigation of ERα, ERβ inhibitory activities in vitro and in vivo.

Studies in vitro and in vivo with powdery mildew fungicides

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. CLIFFORD ◽  
E. C. HISLOP
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Effect of Water Stress on Reproduction and Colonization of Podosphaera aphanis of Strawberry

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2973-2978
Author(s):  
Franca G. Rossi ◽  
Belachew Asalf ◽  
Chloe Grieu ◽  
Rodrigo B. Onofre ◽  
Natalia A. Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Mild Water Stress

In a number of pathosystems involving the powdery mildews (Erysiphales), plant stress is associated with decreased disease susceptibility and is detrimental to pathogen growth and reproduction. However, in strawberry, anecdotal observations associate severe powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis) with water stress. In a 2017 survey of 42 strawberry growers in Norway and California, 40 growers agreed with a statement that water-stressed strawberry plants were more susceptible to powdery mildew compared with nonstressed plants. In repeated in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that water stress was consistently and significantly unfavorable to conidial germination, infection, and increases in disease severity. Deleterious effects on the pathogen were observed from both preinoculation and postinoculation water stress in the host. Soil moisture content in the range from 0 to 50% was correlated (R2 = 0.897) with germinability of conidia harvested from extant colonies that developed on plants growing at different levels of water stress. These studies confirm that P. aphanis fits the norm for biotrophic powdery mildews and hosts under stress. Mild water stress, compared with a state of optimal hydration, is likely to decrease rather than increase susceptibility of strawberry to P. aphanis. We believe it is possible that foliar symptoms of leaf curling due to diffuse and inconspicuous infection of the lower leaf surfaces by P. aphanis could easily be mistakenly attributed to water stress, which we observed as having a nearly identical leaf curling symptom in strawberry.

scholarly journals Biotechnological approaches to creation of hypoxia and anoxia tolerant plants

Acta Naturae ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Vartapetian ◽  
Y. I. Dolgikh ◽  
L. I. Polyakova ◽  
N. V. Chichkova ◽  
А. B. Vartapetian
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Anaerobic Stress ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Cytokinin Synthesis

The present work provides results of a number of biotechnological studies aimed at creating cell lines and entire plants resistant to anaerobic stress. Developed biotechnological approaches were based on earlier fundamental researches into anaerobic stress in plants, so Introduction briefly covers the importance of the problem and focuses on works considering two main strategies of plants adaptation to anaerobic stress. Those are adaptation at molecular level where key factor is anaerobic metabolism of energy (true tolerance) and adaptation of the entire plant via formation of aerenchyma and facilitated transportation of oxygen (apparent tolerance). Thus, sugarcane and wheat cells resistant to anaerobic stress were obtained through consecutive in vitro selection under conditions of anoxia and absence of exogenous carbohydrates. Tolerant wheat cells were used to regenerate entire plants of higher resistance to root anaerobiosis. It has been demonstrated that cells tolerance to anoxia is significantly supported by their ability to utilize exogenous nitrate. Cells tolerance established itself at the genetic level and was inherited by further generations. Apart from that, other successful attempts to increase tolerance of plants to anaerobic stress by means of stimulation of glycolysis and overexpression of genes responsible for cytokinin synthesis and programmed cell death are also discussed. The presented data proved the notion of two main strategies of plants adaptation to anaerobic stress proposed earlier on the base of fundamental studies.

scholarly journals Management of powdery mildew of cluster bean through fungi toxicants

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Arun R. Sataraddi ◽  
Jitendra Kumar S. Hilli
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Potential Methods

Leveillula taurica causes severe powdery mildew on all aerial parts of cluster bean plant. The objective of the present work was to identify potential methods for managing cluster bean powdery mildew through fungicides. Field trials were conducted during Kharif 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the efficacy fungicides. Nine systemic fungicides were tested both under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions against cluster bean powdery mildew disease. In vitro evaluation of fungicides revealed that complete inhibition of conidial germination was observed in all systemic fungicides at 0.1 per cent concentration. However, under field conditions, penconazole at 0.05 per cent was found to be best fungicide which recorded least incidence 3.66 per cent followed by hexaconazole (5.83%) and propiconazole (6.83%).

Oncogenic interaction between BCR-ABL andNUP98-HOXA9 demonstrated by the use of an in vitro purging culture system

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 4177-4184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Mayotte ◽  
Denis-Claude Roy ◽  
Jing Yao ◽  
Evert Kroon ◽  
Guy Sauvageau
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Marrow Cells

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal stem cell disease caused by the BCR-ABL oncoprotein and is characterized, in its early phase, by excessive accumulation of mature myeloid cells, which eventually leads to acute leukemia. The genetic events involved in CML's progression to acute leukemia remain largely unknown. Recent studies have detected the presence of theNUP98-HOXA9 fusion oncogene in acute leukemia derived from CML patients, which suggests that these 2 oncoproteins may interact and influence CML disease progression. Using in vitro purging of BCR-ABL–transduced mouse bone marrow cells, we can now report that recipients of bone marrow cells engineered to coexpressBCR-ABL with NUP98-HOXA9 develop acute leukemia within 7 to 10 days after transplantation. However, no disease is detected for more than 2 months in mice receiving bone marrow cells expressing either BCR-ABL orNUP98-HOXA9. We also provide evidence of high levels ofHOXA9 expressed in leukemic blasts from acute-phase CML patients and that it interacts significantly on a genetic level withBCR-ABL in our in vivo CML model. Together, these studies support a causative, as opposed to a consequential, role forNUP98-HOXA9 (and possibly HOXA9) in CML disease progression.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of microbial-enriched compost tea on the development of powdery mildew on melon

BioControl ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuvarani Naidu ◽  
Sariah Meon ◽  
Yasmeen Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

In vitro and in vivo Effects of Chlorsulfuron in Sensitive and Tolerant plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Royuela ◽  
Cesar Arrese-Igor ◽  
Alberto Muñoz-Rueda ◽  
Carmen Gonzalez-Murua
Keyword(s):  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals Biological Control of Celery Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Hamada F. A. Ahmed ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Adel M. Al-Saif ◽  
Maha A. Alshiekheid ◽  
Martin L. Battaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Germ Tube Length

The present study aimed to investigate the potentiality of certain biocontrol agents, namely Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Trichoderma album, T. harzianum and T. viride, as well as the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole to control celery powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe heraclei DC, in vitro (against conidia germination and germ tube length of E. heraclei) and in vivo (against disease severity and AUDPC). In vitro, it was found that the antifungal activity of the tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the germination percentage of the conidia and germ tube length of the pathogen. The reduction in conidia germination ranged between 88.2% and 59.6% as a result of the treatment with B. subtilis and T. album, respectively compared with 97.1% by the synthetic fungicide difenoconazole. Moreover, the fungicide achieved the highest reduction in germ tube length (92.5%) followed by B. megaterium (82.0%), while T. album was the least effective (62.8%). Spraying celery plants with the tested biocontrol agents in the greenhouse significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of application. In this regard, B. subtilis was the most efficient followed by B. pumilus, S. marcescens and B. megaterium, with 80.1, 74.4, 73.2 and 70.5% reductions in disease severity, respectively. In AUDPC, reductions of those microorganisms were 285.3, 380.9, 396.7 and 431.8, respectively, compared to 1539.1 in the control treatment. On the other hand, the fungicide difenoconazole achieved maximum efficacy in reducing disease severity (84.7%) and lowest AUDPC (219.3) compared to the other treatments. In the field, all the applied biocontrol agents showed high efficiency in suppressing powdery mildew on celery plants, with a significant improvement in growth and yield characteristics. In addition, they caused an increase in the concentration of leaf pigments, and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and total phenol content (TPC). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of using tested biocontrol agents as eco-friendly alternatives to protect celery plants against powdery mildew.

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