scholarly journals Labelling of corn as forage for ruminants using isotope 15N

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
I Sugoro ◽  
Y Maharani ◽  
M Hanani ◽  
D Ansori ◽  
H Wahyudiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Abstract In vitro and in vivo testing for ruminant feed efficiency can be done by utilizing the stable isotope Nitrogen-15 (15N) as a tracer. Feed can be traced by labeling the forage using isotope 15N. Feed crops are labeled using an isotope 15N-enriched fertilizer. The critical thing to note is to know the content of isotopes 15N in the part of forage feed plants that have been labeled. This research aims to know the effect of urea fertilizer on the percent of atom excess 15N on corn. Corn are labeled using urea enriched with isotopes 15N in the form of urea fertilizer (10% excess atom 15N) with different doses (0-200% recommended urea dose). As a control used corn plants given urea fertilizer is not labeled 15N. The results showed that corn forage feed was successfully labeled and correlated with the dose of fertilizer. The range of atom excess 15N was 4.28 – 6.99% in corn forage. Biomass production showed no significant difference between the dose of fertilization and control, but neither protein content. Based on data, the corn forage can be used for further testing.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Testing to Determine Cd Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability in Contaminated Rice in Relation to Mouse Chow

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Sun ◽  
Xiaofang Zhou ◽  
Zhian Li ◽  
Ping Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Chow Group ◽  
Oral Bioaccessibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Distribution In Organs

A combination of an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and an in vivo mouse model was used to determine Cd oral bioaccessibility and estimate bioavailability in Cd-contaminated rice. The PBET found lower Cd bioaccessibility in the intestinal stage (40–50%) than in the gastric stage (93–98%) for both rice and mouse chow. No significant difference was found in Cd bioaccessibility between contaminated rice and Cd-amended mouse chow in the gastric or gastrointestinal phase (except for rice 1). The result of the in vivo bioassay revealed that Cd absorption in the kidney or liver of mice fed with contaminated rice were significantly higher than in the mouse chow group containing an equal Cd concentration. Correlation analysis between concentrations of different elements in mouse chow or rice and Cd concentrations in mice kidney or liver showed that Fe, Ca, Cu, and Zn had significant negative correlation (r2 > 0.7, p < 0.01). These results suggest that nutritional elements in the diet could affect Cd absorption and distribution in organs and that different food matrices may result in unequal Cd health risks at an equal Cd concentration due to the specific mineral content of food.

Effect of starvation on gonadotrophin secretion and on in vitro release of LRH from the isolated median eminence of the male rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Warnhoff ◽  
Gunter Dorsch ◽  
Karl M. Pirke
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vitro Release

Abstract. A perfusion system was developed in which isolated median eminences (ME) were stimulated in vitro by depolarizing agents such as potassium and veratridine. Potassium concentrations between 30 and 80 mm released increasing amounts of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) from the MEs of starved and control rats. Veratridine at a concentration of 50 μm caused a more prolonged LRH release in both starved and control animals. LRH secretion in vitro was slightly, though not under all conditions, significantly greater in rats starved for 5 days. The testosterone (T)-LH feedback was studied by castrating the animals and substituting various doses of T through implantation of T-releasing capsules of different sizes. The concentration in plasma, which can prevent the castration-induced much smaller in starved than in control rats. The in vitro release of LRH evoked by 80 mm potassium was not different for starved and fed rats under various feedback conditions. Both groups revealed decreased in vitro release of LRH when castrated animals were not substituted with T. The effect of castration was studied from 1 to 28 days. The plasma LH values rapidly increased in starved and control animals, indicating that the hypothalamic responsestration is not delayed by starvation. The release in vitro of LRH decreased from the first to the fifth day and remained constant thereafter. No significant difference between starved and fed rats was observed. The experiments indicate that the 'releasable pool' of LRH in vitro is greater under conditions of reduced LH release in vivo. The basic mechanism of depolarization-induced exocytosis of LRH from the ME is intact in starved animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Myrica salicifolia A Rich (Myricaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2092053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Getnet Mequanint Adinew ◽  
Mestayet Geta Mengistie ◽  
Abyot Endale Gurmu ◽  
Engidaw Fentahun Enyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background. The management and control of malaria has become gradually challenging due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites, lack of effective vaccine, and the resistance of vector to insecticides. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. In Ethiopia and Uganda, Myrica salicifolia root is traditionally claimed for the treatment of malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of root crude extract of M salicifolia. Methods. The parasite, Plasmodium berghei was used in this study since it is an appropriate parasite that is most commonly used because of its higher accessibility. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effect of the crude extract was further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume, body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference to compare results between groups. Results. The root crude extract of M salicifolia significantly ( P < .05-.0001) suppressed parasitemia. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 40.90. Conclusion. The development of new antimalarial agents and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies.

Inhibition by saccharin of glucose-6-phosphatase: effects of alloxan in vivo and deoxycholate in vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Lygre
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
And Control

Inhibition by saccharin of rat liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) generally decreased as the pH increased in the range pH 4–8. This pattern was exhibited by homogenates from control and alloxan-treated animals assayed each in the absence and presence of 0.2% (w/v) deoxycholate. Saccharin inhibited in competitive fashion with respect to glucose-6-phosphate (glucose-6-P). There was a small increase in Km (glucose-6-P) but not Ki (saccharin) values in alloxan-treated rats when assays were conducted in the absence of deoxycholate. In the presence of this detergent there was no significant difference in these kinetic parameters between the alloxan-treated and control groups. Deoxycholate decreased Km (glucose-6-P) and increased Ki (saccharin) values. Calculations using these kinetic parameters indicate that, under usual hepatic glucose-6-P concentrations and relatively high levels of saccharin in liver, the inhibition by saccharin of glucose-6-phosphatase is unlikely to be of major significance in vivo.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Networks in the Liver: Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 6 Function Is Largely Independent of Foxa2

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 7069-7077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir E. Rubins ◽  
Joshua R. Friedman ◽  
Phillip P. Le ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
John Brestelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT A complex network of hepatocyte nuclear transcription factors, including HNF6 and Foxa2, regulates the expression of liver-specific genes. The current model, based on in vitro studies, suggests that HNF6 and Foxa2 interact physically. This interaction is thought to synergistically stimulate Foxa2-dependent transcription through the recruitment of p300/CBP by HNF6 and to inhibit HNF6-mediated transcription due to the interference of Foxa2 with DNA binding by HNF6. To test this model in vivo, we utilized hepatocyte-specific gene ablation to study the binding of HNF6 to its targets in the absence of Foxa2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-HNF6 antibodies was performed on chromatin isolated from Foxa2 loxP/loxP Alfp.Cre and control mouse livers, and HNF6 binding to its target, Glut2, was determined by quantitative PCR. In contrast to the current model, we found no significant difference in HNF6 occupancy at the Glut2 promoter between Foxa2-deficient and control livers. In order to evaluate the Foxa2/HNF6 interaction model on a global scale, we performed a location analysis using a microarray with 7,000 mouse promoter fragments. Again, we found no evidence that HNF6 binding to its targets in chromatin is reduced in the presence of Foxa2. We also examined the mRNA levels of HNF6 targets in the liver using a cDNA array and found that their expression was similar in Foxa2-deficient and control mice. Overall, our studies demonstrate that HNF6 binds to and regulates its target promoters in vivo in the presence and absence of Foxa2.

In vitro and in vivo studies on the bioactivity of a ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract towards adult schistosomes and their egg production

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sanderson ◽  
A. Bartlett ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe bioactivity of an ethyl acetate extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) towards Schistosoma mansoni adult pairs, both cultured in vitro and in vivo in laboratory mice, was investigated by monitoring worm mortality and fecundity. In vitro, a concentration of 200 mg l-1 of extract killed almost all worms within 24 h. Male worms seemed more susceptible than female under these conditions. Cumulative egg output of surviving worm pairs in vitro was considerably reduced when exposed to the extract. For example, after 4 days of exposure to 50 mg l-1, cumulative egg output was only 0.38 eggs per worm pair compared with 36.35 for untreated worms. In vivo efficacy of the extract was tested by oral and subcutaneous delivery of 150 mg kg-1 followed by assessment of worm survival and fecundity. Neither delivery route produced any significant reduction in worm numbers compared with untreated controls. Worm fecundity was assessed in vivo by cumulative egg counts per liver at 55 days post infection with mice treated subcutaneously. Such infections showed egg levels in the liver of about 2000 eggs per worm pair in 55 days, in both treated and control mice, with no significant difference between the two groups. To ensure that density-dependent effects did not confound this analysis, a separate experiment demonstrated no such influence on egg output per worm pair, at intensities between 1 and 23 worms per mouse.

Subacute and late cardiovascular sequelae to low doses of gamma radiation

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-729
Author(s):  
Durwood J. Smith ◽  
Robert C. Parker ◽  
Calvin Hanna ◽  
Henry E. Curley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiovascular Performance ◽  
And Control

A battery of in vivo and in vitro tests of cardiovascular performance were used to assess the effects of whole-body gamma radiation (cobalt-60) upon the cardiovascular system of dogs. A new method for study of the pressure-volume relations of isolated surviving arteries is described. Groups of six beagles were exposed to 30 r and 100 r 22 months before death and compared with littermate controls. No differences between irradiated and control dogs could be demonstrated. Eight mongrel dogs received 300 r 30 days before death and were compared with five mongrel controls. The only significant difference observed was in the pressure-volume curves of arteries from irradiated dogs, these vessels having a greater initial tone than control arteries. It is concluded that 30 r and 100 r of whole-body gamma radiation have no demonstrable effect upon the cardiovascular system of dogs irradiated 22 months before study, but that 300 r of gamma radiation does produce a significant abnormality of blood vessels.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Irfani Baga
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portunid Crab

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.

scholarly journals Stage-dependent effect of deferoxamine on growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Whitehead ◽  
TE Peto
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Speed Of Onset

Abstract Deferoxamine (DF) has antimalarial activity that can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study is designed to examine the speed of onset and stage dependency of growth inhibition by DF and to determine whether its antimalarial activity is cytostatic or cytocidal. Growth inhibition was assessed by suppression of hypoxanthine incorporation and differences in morphologic appearance between treated and control parasites. Using synchronized in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, growth inhibition by DF was detected within a single parasite cycle. Ring and nonpigmented trophozoite stages were sensitive to the inhibitory effect of DF but cytostatic antimalarial activity was suggested by evidence of parasite recovery in later cycles. However, profound growth inhibition, with no evidence of subsequent recovery, occurred when pigmented trophozoites and early schizonts were exposed to DF. At this stage in parasite development, the activity of DF was cytocidal and furthermore, the critical period of exposure may be as short as 6 hours. These observations suggest that iron chelators may have a role in the treatment of clinical malaria.

Aspiration Revisited: Prospective Evaluation of a Physiologically Pressurized Model With Animal Correlation and Broader Applicability to Filler Complications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung-Jin Moon ◽  
Won Lee ◽  
Ji-Soo Kim ◽  
Eun-Jung Yang ◽  
Hema Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Filler Injection ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Needle Position ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
In Vivo Testing

Abstract Background Aspiration testing before filler injection is controversial. Some believe that aspiration can help prevent inadvertent intravascular injection, while others cite false-negative results and question its value given that the needle position always changes somewhat during injection procedures. Objectives To test the relation of false-negative results to the viscosity of the material within the needle lumen and determine whether a less viscous material within the needle lumen could decrease the incidence of false-negative results. Methods In vitro aspiration tests were performed using 30-G and 27-G needle gauges, two cross-linked hyaluronic acid fillers, normal saline bags pressurized at 140 and 10 mmHg to mimic human arterial and venous pressures, and three needle lumen conditions (normal saline, air, and filler). Testing was repeated three times under each study condition (72 tests in total). For in vivo correlation, aspiration tests were performed on femoral arteries and central auricular veins in three rabbits (4–5 aspirations per site, 48 tests in total). Results In vitro and in vivo testing using 30-G needles containing filler both showed false-negative results on aspiration testing. In vitro and in vivo testing using needles containing saline or air showed positive findings. Conclusions False-negative results from aspiration testing may be reduced by pre-filling the needle lumen with saline rather than a filler. The pressurized system may help overcome challenges of animal models with intravascular pressures significantly different from those of humans. The adaptability of this system to mimic various vessel pressures may facilitate physiologically relevant studies of vascular complications.

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