Subacute and late cardiovascular sequelae to low doses of gamma radiation

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-729
Author(s):  
Durwood J. Smith ◽  
Robert C. Parker ◽  
Calvin Hanna ◽  
Henry E. Curley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiovascular Performance ◽  
And Control

A battery of in vivo and in vitro tests of cardiovascular performance were used to assess the effects of whole-body gamma radiation (cobalt-60) upon the cardiovascular system of dogs. A new method for study of the pressure-volume relations of isolated surviving arteries is described. Groups of six beagles were exposed to 30 r and 100 r 22 months before death and compared with littermate controls. No differences between irradiated and control dogs could be demonstrated. Eight mongrel dogs received 300 r 30 days before death and were compared with five mongrel controls. The only significant difference observed was in the pressure-volume curves of arteries from irradiated dogs, these vessels having a greater initial tone than control arteries. It is concluded that 30 r and 100 r of whole-body gamma radiation have no demonstrable effect upon the cardiovascular system of dogs irradiated 22 months before study, but that 300 r of gamma radiation does produce a significant abnormality of blood vessels.

scholarly journals In Vivo Radioprotective Activity of Cell-Permeable Bifunctional Antioxidant Enzyme GST-TAT-SOD against Whole-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianru Pan ◽  
Huocong He ◽  
Ying Su ◽  
Guangjin Zheng ◽  
Junxin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Radioprotective Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wbc Count

GST-TAT-SOD was the fusion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cell-permeable peptide TAT, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). It was proved to be a potential selective radioprotector in vitro in our previous work. This study evaluated the in vivo radioprotective activity of GST-TAT-SOD against whole-body irradiation. We demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml GST-TAT-SOD (2 kU/ml) 2 h before the 6 Gy whole-body irradiation in mice almost completely prevented the splenic damage. It could significantly enhance the splenic antioxidant activity which kept the number of splenic white pulp and consequently resisted the shrinkage of the spleen. Moreover, the thymus index, hepatic antioxidant activity, and white blood cell (WBC) count of peripheral blood in irradiated mice pretreated with GST-TAT-SOD also remarkably increased. Although the treated and untreated irradiated mice showed no significant difference in the growth rate of animal body weight at 7 days postirradiation, the highest growth rate of body weight was observed in the GST-TAT-SOD-pretreated group. Furthermore, GST-TAT-SOD pretreatment increased resistance against 8 Gy whole-body irradiation and enhanced 30 d survival. The overall effect of GST-TAT-SOD seemed to be a bit more powerful than that of amifostine. In conclusion, GST-TAT-SOD would be a safe and potentially promising radioprotector.

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Implants Coated with Radiation-Crosslinked Collagen on Stability and Osseointegration in Rat Tibia

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Bin Bae ◽  
Ji-Hyun Yoo ◽  
Sung-In Jeong ◽  
Min-Su Kim ◽  
Youn-Mook Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to evaluate the titanium (Ti) implants coated with collagen type Ⅰ crosslinked using gamma-irrigation or glutaraldehyde (GA). The in vitro surface observations, quantification assay, and cell studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were conducted. For in vivo experiments, the implants were divided into three groups and inserted into the rat tibias: control group (non-treated Ti implant), GA group (Ti implants coated with GA-crosslinked collagen) and 25 kGy group (Ti implants coated with gamma-radiation-crosslinked collagen at dose of 25 kGy). The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks after implantation and the tissue sections were obtained. New bone volume (mm3) and bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %) within the region of interest (ROI) was measured. The in vitro results showed the highest osteogenic differentiation and levels of osteogenesis-related gene expressions in the 25 kGy group without cytotoxicity. The new bone volume of GA group was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). In the result of the BIC, the 25 kGy group was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups. Within the limitations of this study, Ti implant coated with gamma-radiation-crosslinked collagen has potential utility without side effects from chemical agents.

Effect of starvation on gonadotrophin secretion and on in vitro release of LRH from the isolated median eminence of the male rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Warnhoff ◽  
Gunter Dorsch ◽  
Karl M. Pirke
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vitro Release

Abstract. A perfusion system was developed in which isolated median eminences (ME) were stimulated in vitro by depolarizing agents such as potassium and veratridine. Potassium concentrations between 30 and 80 mm released increasing amounts of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) from the MEs of starved and control rats. Veratridine at a concentration of 50 μm caused a more prolonged LRH release in both starved and control animals. LRH secretion in vitro was slightly, though not under all conditions, significantly greater in rats starved for 5 days. The testosterone (T)-LH feedback was studied by castrating the animals and substituting various doses of T through implantation of T-releasing capsules of different sizes. The concentration in plasma, which can prevent the castration-induced much smaller in starved than in control rats. The in vitro release of LRH evoked by 80 mm potassium was not different for starved and fed rats under various feedback conditions. Both groups revealed decreased in vitro release of LRH when castrated animals were not substituted with T. The effect of castration was studied from 1 to 28 days. The plasma LH values rapidly increased in starved and control animals, indicating that the hypothalamic responsestration is not delayed by starvation. The release in vitro of LRH decreased from the first to the fifth day and remained constant thereafter. No significant difference between starved and fed rats was observed. The experiments indicate that the 'releasable pool' of LRH in vitro is greater under conditions of reduced LH release in vivo. The basic mechanism of depolarization-induced exocytosis of LRH from the ME is intact in starved animals.

scholarly journals The flavonoid Licochalcone A induces tegumental damages in Schistosoma mansoni and impairs its oviposition in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Juliane Felicissimo ◽  
◽  
Danielle Marconato ◽  
Nayara Emídio ◽  
Lara Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Licochalcone A ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, Licochalcone A (LicoA) was investigated in in vitro and in vivo assays. The survival of worms in culture, the pattern of oviposition, the count of intact tubers and the integrity of the coat were adopted in the in vitro tests. After the animals were perfused, the number of worms recovered, their location and the oogram study were the parameters analyzed to signal the existence of potential schistosomicidal activity in vivo. We observed reduction on the survival, integument integrity and reproduction of adult worms in vitro. Murine models did not show a significant difference in the parasitological parameters analyzed that indicate activity against the worms with an oral single dose of 25 mg/ kg of LicoA or two intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/ kg LicoA. Nevertheless, it is too early to completely exclude the schistosomicide activity of LicoA, considering that the used dosage form could not provide a regular absorption of the drug.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Myrica salicifolia A Rich (Myricaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2092053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Getnet Mequanint Adinew ◽  
Mestayet Geta Mengistie ◽  
Abyot Endale Gurmu ◽  
Engidaw Fentahun Enyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background. The management and control of malaria has become gradually challenging due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites, lack of effective vaccine, and the resistance of vector to insecticides. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. In Ethiopia and Uganda, Myrica salicifolia root is traditionally claimed for the treatment of malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of root crude extract of M salicifolia. Methods. The parasite, Plasmodium berghei was used in this study since it is an appropriate parasite that is most commonly used because of its higher accessibility. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effect of the crude extract was further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume, body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference to compare results between groups. Results. The root crude extract of M salicifolia significantly ( P < .05-.0001) suppressed parasitemia. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 40.90. Conclusion. The development of new antimalarial agents and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies.

Inhibition by saccharin of glucose-6-phosphatase: effects of alloxan in vivo and deoxycholate in vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Lygre
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
And Control

Inhibition by saccharin of rat liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) generally decreased as the pH increased in the range pH 4–8. This pattern was exhibited by homogenates from control and alloxan-treated animals assayed each in the absence and presence of 0.2% (w/v) deoxycholate. Saccharin inhibited in competitive fashion with respect to glucose-6-phosphate (glucose-6-P). There was a small increase in Km (glucose-6-P) but not Ki (saccharin) values in alloxan-treated rats when assays were conducted in the absence of deoxycholate. In the presence of this detergent there was no significant difference in these kinetic parameters between the alloxan-treated and control groups. Deoxycholate decreased Km (glucose-6-P) and increased Ki (saccharin) values. Calculations using these kinetic parameters indicate that, under usual hepatic glucose-6-P concentrations and relatively high levels of saccharin in liver, the inhibition by saccharin of glucose-6-phosphatase is unlikely to be of major significance in vivo.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Mutagenicity of Low-Dose Methylene Chloride in Mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raje ◽  
M. Basso ◽  
T. Tolen ◽  
M. Greening
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Vaginal Plug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vivo Mutagenicity ◽  
Negative Controls

Methylene chloride, a widely used industrial solvent, has been shown to be mutagenic by in vitro tests. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo mutagenicity. Groups of 20 Swiss-Webster (S/W) male mice were injected subcutaneously three times/week with 5 ml/kg of 5% vol/vol or 10% vol/vol solution of methylene chloride in corn oil for 4 weeks, followed by 1 week of no treatment. Other groups of 20 S/W male mice were exposed to airflow of 10 L/min carrying 100, 150, or 200 ppm of methylene chloride daily for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Each study contained appropriate negative controls. Mating was started 1 week later for the injection group and 2 days later for the inhalation group. Each male mouse was mated with a S/W virgin adult female. The mating was allowed to continue for 2 weeks. Presence of a vaginal plug was taken as a sign of successful mating and was designated as day 0 of gestation. On day 17, the females were killed, and the fetuses were removed and processed. Male mice were killed, and the testes were removed, preserved in 10% formalin, and processed. No significant difference in any of the mutagenicity parameters was found between control and treated groups. No microscopic lesions were found in testes of the treated males.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Networks in the Liver: Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 6 Function Is Largely Independent of Foxa2

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 7069-7077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir E. Rubins ◽  
Joshua R. Friedman ◽  
Phillip P. Le ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
John Brestelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT A complex network of hepatocyte nuclear transcription factors, including HNF6 and Foxa2, regulates the expression of liver-specific genes. The current model, based on in vitro studies, suggests that HNF6 and Foxa2 interact physically. This interaction is thought to synergistically stimulate Foxa2-dependent transcription through the recruitment of p300/CBP by HNF6 and to inhibit HNF6-mediated transcription due to the interference of Foxa2 with DNA binding by HNF6. To test this model in vivo, we utilized hepatocyte-specific gene ablation to study the binding of HNF6 to its targets in the absence of Foxa2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using anti-HNF6 antibodies was performed on chromatin isolated from Foxa2 loxP/loxP Alfp.Cre and control mouse livers, and HNF6 binding to its target, Glut2, was determined by quantitative PCR. In contrast to the current model, we found no significant difference in HNF6 occupancy at the Glut2 promoter between Foxa2-deficient and control livers. In order to evaluate the Foxa2/HNF6 interaction model on a global scale, we performed a location analysis using a microarray with 7,000 mouse promoter fragments. Again, we found no evidence that HNF6 binding to its targets in chromatin is reduced in the presence of Foxa2. We also examined the mRNA levels of HNF6 targets in the liver using a cDNA array and found that their expression was similar in Foxa2-deficient and control mice. Overall, our studies demonstrate that HNF6 binds to and regulates its target promoters in vivo in the presence and absence of Foxa2.

In vitro and in vivo studies on the bioactivity of a ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract towards adult schistosomes and their egg production

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sanderson ◽  
A. Bartlett ◽  
P.J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe bioactivity of an ethyl acetate extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) towards Schistosoma mansoni adult pairs, both cultured in vitro and in vivo in laboratory mice, was investigated by monitoring worm mortality and fecundity. In vitro, a concentration of 200 mg l-1 of extract killed almost all worms within 24 h. Male worms seemed more susceptible than female under these conditions. Cumulative egg output of surviving worm pairs in vitro was considerably reduced when exposed to the extract. For example, after 4 days of exposure to 50 mg l-1, cumulative egg output was only 0.38 eggs per worm pair compared with 36.35 for untreated worms. In vivo efficacy of the extract was tested by oral and subcutaneous delivery of 150 mg kg-1 followed by assessment of worm survival and fecundity. Neither delivery route produced any significant reduction in worm numbers compared with untreated controls. Worm fecundity was assessed in vivo by cumulative egg counts per liver at 55 days post infection with mice treated subcutaneously. Such infections showed egg levels in the liver of about 2000 eggs per worm pair in 55 days, in both treated and control mice, with no significant difference between the two groups. To ensure that density-dependent effects did not confound this analysis, a separate experiment demonstrated no such influence on egg output per worm pair, at intensities between 1 and 23 worms per mouse.

In Vitro Tests Fail To Predict The Increased Risk For Ara-Chidonate-Induced Thromboembolism In Rats On Oral Contraceptive (OC) Treatment

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Roncaqlioni ◽  
V Bertelé ◽  
Di G Minno ◽  
J Pangrazzi ◽  
M B Donati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Effect ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minimal Concentration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Platelet Thromboxane

Much effort is at present devoted to the search for laboratory tests to predict thromboembolic complications. In this context we have selected OC-treated rats as an experimental model to evaluate whether increased in vivo susceptibility to a thrombotic challenge (sodium arachidonate, NaAA) could be detected by appropriate in vitro tests. Female CD-COBS rats were treated for 10 estral cycles (about 40 days) with an oral combination of lynestrenol (10 mg/kg b.w.) and mestranol (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) dissolved in com oil. Control rats received the vehicle only. After i.v. infusion of NaAA (110 mg/kg b.w.) only 2 out of 24 control rats died within 2 min. Despite the relative resistance of this species to NaAA 10 of the 23 OC-treated rats did not survive NaAA infusion (p = 0.006 compared to controls). Rats made severely thrombocytopenic (less than 2.104 platelets/ul) by a specific antiplatelet antiserum or given aspirin (100 mg/kg b.w.) 1 hour before injection were significantly protected from death following NaAA infusion (p˂0.005) . This indicates that the lethal effect of NaAA involved platelet cyclooxygenase. In vitro experiments however shewed that platelet thromboxane B2 generated with various concentrations of NaAA(0.25- 1 mM) was not significantly different in OC-treated and control rats. Moreover, the minimal concentration of NaAA inducing maximal platelet aggregation was 2.1”0.2 mM in controls and 2.6”0.4 mM in treated rats (p˃0.05) . PGI2 antiaggregating activity generated by aortic specimens incubated with 25 uM NaAA was also similar in both groups. In conclusion, in vitro tests exploring platelet or vascular susceptibility to NaAA failed to identify OC-treated rats as a group at risk for NaAA-induced thromboembolism.

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