scholarly journals miRNA target prediction of avian Z-linked DMRT1 gene during sex determination in chicken (G. Gallus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012148
Author(s):  
S Prastowo ◽  
A Ratriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Go Analysis ◽  
Dmrt1 Gene ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
Chicken Development

Abstract Sex determination in dimorphic animal, such as chicken (G. Gallus), is controlled by the expression of doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1) gene. This gene act as sex determination switch by critically needed for testis differentiation and as antagonist of ovarian development. miRNA, is belongs to short noncoding RNA which modulate gene expression in specific or board targeted genes. This study was aimed to predict miRNA(s) candidate targeted to DMRT1 expression in chicken. In silico method was employed to mining miRNA targeted to DMRT1 using three online databases namely miRDB, TargetScan, and microT-CDS. Following prediction, clustering was performed to select common miRNA(s) in minimal two databases for gene ontology (GO) analysis. Totally 78 miRNAs were targeted to DMRT1 3’UTR, and eight miRNA(s) were found in minimal two databases. The GO analysis found seven distinct biological functions in membrane, cytoplasm, protein binding, nucleus, integral component of membrane and molecular function, and all are related to the cell growth namely cell proliferation. According to the result, it shows the possibility to use selected candidate of miRNA(s) targeted to DMRT1 to reveal the sex determination mechanism at early stage of chicken development.

scholarly journals Shedding new light on early sex determination in zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4143-4158
Author(s):  
Alex C. King ◽  
Michelle Gut ◽  
Armin K. Zenker
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Female Zebrafish ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

Abstract In contrast to established zebrafish gene annotations, the question of sex determination has still not been conclusively clarified for developing zebrafish, Danio rerio, larvae, 28 dpf or earlier. Recent studies indicate polygenic sex determination (PSD), with the genes being distributed throughout the genome. Early genetic markers of sex in zebrafish help unravel co-founding sex-related differences to apply to human health and environmental toxicity studies. A qPCR-based method was developed for six genes: cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (cyp17a1); cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a (cyp19a1a); cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptides 1b (cyp19a1b); vitellogenin 1 (vtg1); nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (nr0b1), sry (sex-determining region Y)-box 9b (sox9b) and actin, beta 1 (actb1), the reference gene. Sry-box 9a (Sox9a), insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) and double sex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), which are also known to be associated with sex determination, were used in gene expression tests. Additionally, Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) sequenced the genome of two adult female and male and two juveniles. PCR analysis of adult zebrafish revealed sex-specific expression of cyp17a1, cyp19a1a, vtg1, igf3 and dmrt1, the first four strongly expressed in female zebrafish and the last one highly expressed in male conspecifics. From NGS, nine female and four male-fated genes were selected as novel for assessing zebrafish sex, 28 dpf. Differences in transcriptomes allowed allocation of sex-specific genes also expressed in juvenile zebrafish.

Characterization of deoxyribonucleic methylation and transcript abundance of sex-related genes during tempera ture-dependent sex determination in Mauremys reevesii†

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Jinxiu Dong ◽  
Lei Xiong ◽  
Hengwu Ding ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Jiawei Zan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

Abstract A number of genes relevant for sex determination have been found in species with temperature-dependent sex determination. Epigenetics play a key role in sex determination, but characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of sex-related genes on temperature-dependent sex determination remains unclear. Mauremys reevesii is a typical species with temperature-dependent sex determination. In this study, we analyzed the Cytosine Guanine (CpG) methylation status of the proximal promoters, the messenger ribonucleic acid expression patterns and the correlation between methylation and expression levels of Aromatase, Forkhead box protein L2, Doublesex and mab3-related transcription factor 1, sex-determining region on Y chromosome-box 9, and anti-Müllerian hormone, which are key genes in sex determination in other species. We also analyzed the expression level of genes that encode enzymes involved in methylation and demethylation. The expression levels of Aromatase and Forkhead box protein L2 at the female producing temperature were higher than those at the male producing temperature; the expression levels of Doublesex and mab3-related transcription factor 1, sex-determining region on Y chromosome-box 9, and anti-Müllerian hormone were higher at MPT. The expression of some genes involved in methylation and demethylation is significantly different between male producing temperature and female producing temperature. The expression of messenger ribonucleic acid of genes involved in deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and demethylation affected by temperature, together with other factors, may change the methylation level of the regulatory regions of sex-related genes, which may further lead to temperature-specific expression of sex-related genes, and eventually affect the differentiation of the gonads.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers of Early Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Joyce Brooks ◽  
Dorrin Nilforoushan ◽  
Morris Frank Manolson ◽  
Craig A. Simmons ◽  
Siew-Ging Gong
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Osteoclastic Differentiation

Abstract Objective: To understand the molecular basis of early orthodontic tooth movement by looking at the expression of KI-67, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (RANKL) proteins. Materials and Methods: We employed a rat model of early orthodontic tooth movement using a split-mouth design (where contralateral side serves as a control) and performed immunohistochemical staining to map the spatial expression patterns of three proteins at 3 and 24 hours after appliance insertion. Results: We observed increased expression of KI-67, a proliferation marker, and RANKL, a molecule associated with osteoclastic differentiation, in the compression sites of the periodontal ligament subjected to 3 hours of force. In contrast, there was increased expression of KI-67 and Runx2, a marker of osteoblast precursors, in tension areas after 24 hours of force. Decreased KI-67 expression in the mesial and distal regions of the periodontal ligament was observed at the midpoint of the tooth root. Conclusions: The early RANKL expression indicates that at this early stage cells are involved in osteoclast precursor signaling. Also, decreased KI-67 expression found near the midpoint of the tooth root is believed to represent the center of rotation, providing a molecular means of visualizing mechanical loading patterns.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of RUNX1 in Liver Correlates with NASH Activity Score in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaur ◽  
Rawal ◽  
Siddiqui ◽  
Rohilla ◽  
Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

Given the important role of angiogenesis in liver pathology, the current study investigated the role of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a regulator of developmental angiogenesis, in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Quantitative RT-PCRs and a transcription factor analysis of angiogenesis-associated differentially expressed genes in liver tissues of healthy controls, patients with steatosis and NASH, indicated a potential role of RUNX1 in NASH. The gene expression of RUNX1 was correlated with histopathological attributes of patients. The protein expression of RUNX1 in liver was studied by immunohistochemistry. To explore the underlying mechanisms, in vitro studies using RUNX1 siRNA and overexpression plasmids were performed in endothelial cells (ECs). RUNX1 expression was significantly correlated with inflammation, fibrosis and NASH activity score in NASH patients. Its expression was conspicuous in liver non-parenchymal cells. In vitro, factors from steatotic hepatocytes and/or VEGF or TGF- significantly induced the expression of RUNX1 in ECs. RUNX1 regulated the expression of angiogenic and adhesion molecules in ECs, including CCL2, PECAM1 and VCAM1, which was shown by silencing or over-expression of RUNX1. Furthermore, RUNX1 increased the angiogenic activity of ECs. This study reports that steatosis-induced RUNX1 augmented the expression of adhesion and angiogenic molecules and properties in ECs and may be involved in enhancing inflammation and disease severity in NASH.

scholarly journals Sex Determination During Inflorescence Bud Differentiation in Monoecious Pistacia chinensis Bunge

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Bai ◽  
Chenyi Zhu ◽  
Xia Lei ◽  
Tao Cao ◽  
Shuchai Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

Pistacia chinensis Bunge is widely acknowledged to be dioecious, but rare monoecious individuals have been found. However, the origin of monoecism and the sex differentiation of different sex types remain intriguing questions. Here, sex expressions were explored by identification of sex-associated DNA markers, determination of the sex stability after grafting, and histological characterization of inflorescence bud development using anatomical analysis. The results showed that (1) although polymorphisms among individuals existed, the banding patterns of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products for different sex types on the same monoecious tree were consistent; (2) the sex expressions of grafted trees were not consistent with those of scions, indicating that monoecism probably did not originate from a stable bud mutation; and (3) both males and females underwent a bisexual period, then the stamen primordia in female buds degenerated into the second round tepals, while the pistil primordia in male buds gradually disappeared. During the sex differentiation phase, female buds were spindle-shaped, while the male buds were full teardrop-shaped, and male buds were bigger than female buds. Taken together, no sex-associated DNA marker was found, sex expressions were unstable after grafting, and the alternative sex organs appeared in the early stage of sex differentiation, suggesting that sex determination occurred during floral development instead of the early vegetative period. These results indicated that the sex expressions may be affected by environmental factors, increasing the understanding of sex determination mechanisms in P. chinensis and other species.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning of doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1, forkhead transcription factor gene 2, and two types of cytochrome P450 aromatase in Southern catfish and their possible roles in sex differentiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Liu ◽  
Fengrui Wu ◽  
Baowei Jiao ◽  
Xiuyue Zhang ◽  
Chongjiang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Forkhead Transcription Factor ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
The Brain

To address the roles of doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1), forkhead transcription factor gene 2 (Foxl2), and aromatase in sex differentiation of Southern catfish, the cDNA sequences of these genes were isolated from the gonads. Dmrt1a and Dmrt1b were found to be expressed in the gonads, being higher in the testis. A low expression level of Dmrt1b was also detected in the intestine and kidney of the male. Foxl2 was found to be expressed extensively in the brain (B), pituitary (P), gill and gonads (G), with the highest level in the ovary, indicating the possible involvement of Foxl2 in the B–P–G axis. Cytochrome P450 (Cyp)19b was found to be expressed in the brain, spleen, and gonads, while Cyp19a was only expressed in the gonads and spleen. All-female Southern catfish fry were treated with fadrozole (F), tamoxifen (TAM), and 17β-estradiol (E2) respectively, from 5 to 25 days after hatching (dah). The expression levels of these genes were measured at 65 dah. In the F-, TAM-, and FTAM-treated groups, Dmrt1a and Dmrt1b were up-regulated in the gonad, whereas Foxl2 and Cyp19a were down-regulated, while the expression of Cyp19b in the gonad remained unchanged. Furthermore, down-regulation of Foxl2 and Cyp19b was also detected in the brain. In the E2-treated group, Dmrt1a and Dmrt1b were down-regulated to an undetectable level in the gonad, whereas Foxl2 and Cyp19b were up-regulated in the brain. Consistent with the observed changes in the expressions of these genes, 56, 70, and 80% sex-reversed male individuals were obtained in the F-, TAM-, and F + TAM-treated groups respectively. These results indicate the significant roles of Dmrt1, Foxl2, and Cyp19 in the sex differentiation of Southern catfish.

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