scholarly journals Microplastics evaluation in edible tissues of flying fish (Parexocoetus mento) from the Bintaro fish market, Lombok, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
A S Abidin ◽  
B T K Ilhami ◽  
N W R Martyasari ◽  
I A P Kirana ◽  
S Widyastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
M Current ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Edible Tissue ◽  
Flying Fish ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are plastic fragments that are degraded into small particles with a diameter of <5 mm. Pollution in the ocean by MPs has become a global threat which damages aquatic and marine ecosystems. There are several types of MPs detected in the digestive tract and in edible fish tissue. However, such report remains limited in Indonesia. Despite the high rate of plastic pollution in Indonesian coastal areas. This study aims to determine the presence, abundance and characteristics of MPs including type, shape, and color in the edible tissue of commercially important pelagic fish species from the Bintaro fish market, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Flying Fish (Parexocoetus mento) was evaluated for MPs content in their edible tissue. Isolation of MPs in fish meat was conducted by firstly adding 10% KOH solution followed by incubation for 24 h. Furthermore, the solution was incubated in the oven for 48 h at a temperature of 90oC. The WPO (Wet Peroxide Oxidation) reaction was carried out by adding 30 mL of 0.05 M Fe(II) oxide and 30 mL of 20% Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) continued by heating on a hotplate at 75oC at 350 rpm for 45 minutes to remove organic matter from fish. The remaining filtrateswere treated by further heating, followed by filtration with stainless steel sieves (45//m). Current results show five types of MPs detected in fish sample were Fragment, Filament/fiber, Film, Foam and Pellet. The most abundant type of MPs was fragment type (368.67 particle/fish). Current results show a significant amount of MPs were found in edible tissue of flying fish in Bintaro market. However further characterization of MPs would be needed to confirm the MPs types. Nevertheless, current study show the potential contamination of MPs in P. mento fish commercially sold in fish market at Lombok, Indonesia. Hence, awareness should be raised in local communities to reduce plastic pollution in marine and coastal areas.

The global threat from plastic pollution

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 373 (6550) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Matthew MacLeod ◽  
Hans Peter H. Arp ◽  
Mine B. Tekman ◽  
Annika Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Habitat Changes ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Global Threat

Plastic pollution accumulating in an area of the environment is considered “poorly reversible” if natural mineralization processes occurring there are slow and engineered remediation solutions are improbable. Should negative outcomes in these areas arise as a consequence of plastic pollution, they will be practically irreversible. Potential impacts from poorly reversible plastic pollution include changes to carbon and nutrient cycles; habitat changes within soils, sediments, and aquatic ecosystems; co-occurring biological impacts on endangered or keystone species; ecotoxicity; and related societal impacts. The rational response to the global threat posed by accumulating and poorly reversible plastic pollution is to rapidly reduce plastic emissions through reductions in consumption of virgin plastic materials, along with internationally coordinated strategies for waste management.

scholarly journals How important risk analysis of plastic pollution in coastal area? Case study in Masohi, Central Maluku

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Bachtiar W Mutaqin ◽  
Muh Aris Marfai ◽  
Muhammad Helmi ◽  
Nurhadi Nurhadi ◽  
Muhammad Rizali Umarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Human pressure on the coastal and aquatic surrounding ecosystem in Indonesia, through plastic waste, is increasing, considering that 60 % of the approximately 250 million people live in the coastal areas. Plastic waste originating from human activities has become a massive problem in almost all the small island and coastal regions, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. This condition is caused by poor waste management and a lack of public awareness in disposing of waste in its place, including in an area known as its marine biodiversities and marine tourism spots like Masohi in Central Maluku. Also, the composition of waste is dominated by plastic waste that cannot be decomposed in a short period, continue circulated on the ocean currents, and will be deposited in coastal areas. Furthermore, some plastic waste will break down into micro-plastics that pollute not only the environment but also marine biota, which are often consumed by humans. This situation profoundly affects the sustainability and function of aquaecosystem services in coastal areas. Therefore, a comprehensive policy and regulation, and interdisciplinary study for analysing vulnerable coastal ecosystem, and mitigating the potential risk of plastic pollution in Masohi, Central Maluku are essential to be conducted.

Seasonal variation of microplastics in seawater and zooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay, the Yellow Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Sun
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Four Seasons

&lt;p&gt;Plastic pollution is a globally concerning issue in marine environments. There is currently little research about the seasonal changes in microplastics in coastal areas. Here, we report a seasonal study on the concentrations and characteristics of microplastics in the surface seawater and zooplankton of Jiaozhou Bay, a typical bay in the west Yellow Sea. The concentrations of microplastics in the surface water of Jiaozhou Bay were 0.063, 0.174, 0.094, and 0.050 pieces/m&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;in February, May, August and November, respectively, with an annual average concentration of 0.095 pieces/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, a low value compared with the plastic concentrations of other coastal areas. The size of the collected microplastics ranged from 346 to 155200 &amp;#956;m, with an average of 5093 &amp;#956;m. The overall percentages of fibers, fragments and plastic foams were 29%, 55% and 16%, respectively. Fragments were the most dominant shape in four seasons. Nine plastic polymers were detected from the surface water of Jiaozhou Bay. The dominant chemical composition was polypropylene (PP), accounting for 51.04% of polymers, followed by polyethylene (PE), accounting for 26.04% of polymers. The seasonal variation of plastic characteristics in Jiaozhou Bay, including the shape, color and chemical composition, was significant. The highest concentration of plastics occurred in May and the lowest concentration of plastics occurred in November. Strong rainfall resulted in an increase in the plastic concentration in May, and winds and eddies affected the spatial distribution of plastics in Jiaozhou Bay. Focused on the dominant zooplankton groups in Jiaozhou Bay, the morphology, color, size, chemical composition and quantity of MPs in zooplankton were investigated in Jiaozhou Bay. The results showed that the MPs in zooplankton of the Jiaozhou Bay were dominated by fibers. The proportions of fiber in February, May, August and November were 91%, 88%, 89% and 88%, respectively. The average size of MPs in zooplankton was 441&amp;#177;2, 468&amp;#177;2, 576&amp;#177;2, and 379&amp;#177;4&amp;#956;m in the four seasons. For the 2 common zooplankton groups in the 4 seasons, the MP/zooplankton was 0.3, 0.26, 0.17, 0.19 for copepod, and 0.22, 0.19, 0.17, 0.45 for chaetognath, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Economic Prospect Of Fishing Egg Flying for Coastal Communities in Fak Fak District, West Papua Province

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Selvi Tebaiy ◽  
Paulus Boli ◽  
Fanny Simatauw ◽  
Simon Leatemia ◽  
Dedi Parenden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Flying Fish ◽  
West Papua

The economic value of the activity of catching eggs in the waters of the Fak Fak Regency of West Papua not only provides income for migrant fishermen from South Sulawesi but also for the people in the Fak Fak Regency who live in coastal areas. This study aims to provide an overview of the economic impact of flying egg fishing and the marketing channels of these flying fish eggs. Data collection was carried out in August and September 2017 in the coastal areas of Fak Fak and the Fak Fak Fishing Base and several other landing areas. Interview and questionnaire techniques used for data collection also used secondary data from various sources and previous research. The data collected was analyzed descriptively and displayed in graphical form and percentage to reveal facts based on field information. The results showed that in 2017 the production of flying fish eggs per ship ranged from 270 - 1,575 kg, with an average value of IDR 307,446,154. The fish egg marketing channel in Fakfak Regency has 3 main actors namely: producers (fishermen), collecting traders (Papalele) and inter-island traders (Makassar, Takalar). The percentage of costs provided by fly fishing include: (1) fuel and oil 28 %, (2) food supply 26 %, (3) coconut leaves (24 %), and (4) fishing permit (22 %). The economic benefits as an added value from the activity of catching flying fish eggs for the Fak Fak coastal community are the opening of other business opportunities such as coconut leaf providers, fuel and food ingredients providers, boarding or lodging owners, and grater eggs.

Fish tissue quality in near-coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico receiving point source discharges

2002 ◽  
Vol 284 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Lewis ◽  
Geoff I Scott ◽  
Dan W Bearden ◽  
Robert L Quarles ◽  
James Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Point Source Discharges

scholarly journals The First Investigation of Microplastics Contamination in Estuarine Located in Puger District, Jember Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Selvi Ariyunita ◽  
Yeny Dhokhikah ◽  
Wachju Subchan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Sample Water ◽  
Filter Mesh

Microplastics are harmful to the ecosystem and need to solve immediately. Detection of microplastic contamination is the first step to reduce plastics pollution. Estuarine in Puger has a high potential for microplastic pollution related to the multifunction of waters as ports, tourism, fish market, fish processing, and human settlements. However, there are no studies related to microplastic contamination in the area. The objectives of this research were to determine microplastic contamination in the estuarine located in Puger District, Jember Regency, Indonesia. The research results were the first evidence to inform the society and local government about the actual condition of plastic pollution, especially in the aquatic ecosystem. The sampling sites were determined by purposive sampling. Fifty liters of water from each station (with three repetitions) were taken using a 24V water pump and then filtered using stainless steel filter (mesh 5 mm and 0.2 mm). The filtered samples were placed in a sterile bottle sample, stored at 4 ± 20C. Microplastics were counted and categorized according to size, color, and type under a microscope stereo. Microplastic abundance was calculated based on the number of microplastic particles identified per liter of sample water (particle/liter). The result showed that the study area was contaminated by microplastics throughout site sampling, with abundances varying from 0.03 particles/liter to 0.19 particles/liter. The highest microplastic abundance found near the fishery market. The microplastics also vary in size, color, and type. According to characterization, the sources of microplastic contamination come from human-based activities.

Participation of voltage-gated conductances on the response succeeding inhibitory synaptic potentials in the crayfish slowly adapting stretch receptor neuron

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Barrio ◽  
A. Araque ◽  
W. Buno
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Stretch Receptor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Sensory Threshold ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
M Current ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Conductance Increase ◽  
Extrasynaptic Membrane

1. We examined the contribution of voltage-gated conductances to inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) effects under current clamp in silent and spiking slowly adapting stretch receptor neurons (SN1s) in the slow receptor muscle of the crayfish Procambarus. The receptor exemplifies the simplest inhibitory neural circuit, with one presynaptic and one postsynaptic neuron. The effects of synaptic inhibition were compared with the outcome of hyperpolarizing current pulses. Because pulse effects were exclusively due to postsynaptic mechanisms, an estimation of the synaptic or extrasynaptic origin of the results of IPSP was possible. 2. Inhibition by single IPSPs increased gradually with the time elapsed from the preceding spike in 60% of the spiking SN1s. However, early IPSP arrivals were exclusively excitatory in the rest of the cases. Inhibition was restricted to a single expanded SN1 interspike interval, but the early excitation and the postinhibitory rebound lasted several intervals. Rebound was invariably present; it was the only consequence of IPSPs in silent receptors and could be extremely long lasting (> 25 s). 3. The membrane potential of the SN1 neuron was clamped at hyperpolarized values (greater than -65 mV) by prolonged IPSP barrages at high rate (> 20/s). A prominent depolarizing sag and a gradual reduction of the IPSP amplitude were observed with prolonged presynaptic stimulation. There were subthreshold IPSP amplitude oscillations consisting of gradual increases and decreases of the post-IPSP peak depolarization at lower presynaptic rates. IPSP amplitude variations (< or = 10 mV) were primarily due to larger local responses. 4. Essentially all IPSP effects were mimicked by hyperpolarizing pulses. Sag was also evoked by pulses and was accompanied by a gradual conductance increase preceded by a brief initial drop. Sag and rebound were markedly reduced by Cs+ (2 mM) and tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and less by Ba2+ (5 mM) or tetraethylammonium (25 mM) superfusion. Both were somewhat decreased by acetylcholine (30 microM), which also markedly depolarized and accelerated firings, results which were usually reduced by atropine (10 microM). 5. In conclusion, IPSP and hyperpolarizing pulse effects were essentially identical, implying that extrasynaptic membrane properties were decisive. Interestingly, net excitatory consequences were usual, effectively increasing sensitivity and reducing the sensory threshold. Pharmacological evidence is provided suggesting that the hyperpolarization-activated current, IQ, and also probably the K+ M-current, the A-current, and the low-threshold, persistent Na+ conductances participate in sag and rebound genesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Comparison of the Purifying Efficiency of High Rate Algal Pond with Stabilization Pond

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Picot ◽  
A. Bahlaoui ◽  
S. Moersidik ◽  
B. Baleux ◽  
J. Bontoux
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Shellfish Farming

Due to its high sanitary efficiency, treatment of wastewater by Stabilization Ponds (SP) is proposed for sensitive coastal areas (proximity to bathing areas, shellfish farming lagoons). This process, suitable for small communities with high summer populations, requires a large surface area. The objective of this study is to compare High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP) purifying efficiency with that of SP. We have experimented with a HRAP process, which by generating algal growth reduces the required surface area; our studies suggest this to be by a factor of 5. This process is particularly interesting for nutrient removal, especially nitrogen, and could be useful in coastal areas susceptible to eutrophication. Its sanitary performance is comparable to that of SP. Environmental factors and pond depth play a more important role in HRAP efficiency than retention time of water in the basins.

scholarly journals Economic Inequality in Coastal Area of Bengkulu Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Nola Windirah ◽  
Muhamad Mustopa Romdhon ◽  
Satria Putra Utama ◽  
Reflis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Economic Disparities

The issue of economic inequality is still a major issue in development in the coastal areas of Bengkulu Province. The region's high economic growth (5.3%) was eroded by the high rate of inflation (5%), the economy grew only 0.3 - 0.5%. The question is whether the decreasing of Bengkulu Province's economic growth due to inflation has contributed to regional economic inequality, on the coast of Bengkulu Province specifically ? The data analysis method used to assess the level of economic inequality is the Williamson Index. The results indicated that the economic growth (Gross Regional Domestic Product - GRDP) in coastal areas was lower than in non-coastal areas. Economic disparities between coastal and non-coastal areas in Bengkulu Province for the 2010-2013 period widened, however inequality in coastal areas was smaller than in non-coastal areas.

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