scholarly journals The genetic diversity of angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) in Purwodadi Botanical Garden Indonesia revealed by rDNA ITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
S A Danarto ◽  
M Qiptiyah ◽  
I Prihatini ◽  
A Y P B C Widyatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Tropical Tree Species ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Molecular Characters

Abstract Pterocarpus indicus or angsana is one of the tropical tree species that produce redwood. It has been listed as an endangered species by IUCN since 2018, as its natural population number has declined and possibly extinct in some countries. Therefore, conservation efforts to protect this species must be carried out based on the appropriate conservation strategy. This study aimed to assess molecular characters of Pterocarpus species in Purwodadi Botanical Garden using rDNA ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and its association with morphological characters. Information on genetic and morphological characters will precisely identify this species so that conservation strategy can be appropriately planned. Leaf samples of eighteen P. indicus trees were collected from Purwodadi Botanical Garden (PBG) and used in this study. Twelve specimens that provide clear DNA sequence were genetically assessed. The results showed that P. echinatus exhibited rDNA ITS character similar to that P. indicus, while P. indicus specimens from Morotai were very different from other P. indicus specimens. Morotai specimens showed 89% similarity to several Pterocarpus species, including P. acapulcensis, P. rohrii and P. indicus. The morphological characters were assessed along with molecular characters. The impacts of conservation strategies are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Divergence of a Rare, Endemic Grass (Elymus breviaristatus) in the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Yu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Yanli Xiong ◽  
Zhixiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Widespread Species

Elymus breviaristatus is a grass species only distributed in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which has suffered from serious habitat fragmentation. Therefore, understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among natural E. breviaristatus populations could provide insight for future conservation strategies. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and hierarchical structure of seven E. breviaristatus populations from QTP, China. Multiple measures of genetic diversity indicated that there is low to moderate genetic variation within E. breviaristatus populations, consistent with its presumed mating system. In spite of its rarity, E. breviaristatus presented high genetic diversity that was equivalent to or even higher than that of widespread species. Bayesian clustering approaches, along with clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis partitioned the studied populations of E. breviaristatus into five genetic clusters. Differentiation coefficients (Fst, GST, etc.) and AMOVA analysis revealed considerable genetic divergence among different populations. BARRIER analyses indicated that there were two potential barriers to gene flow among the E. breviaristatus populations. Despite these patterns of differentiation, genetic distances between populations were independent of geographic distances (r = 0.2197, p = 0.2534), indicating little isolation by distance. Moreover, despite detecting a common outlier by two methods, bioclimatic factors (altitude, annual mean temperature, and annual mean precipitation) were not related to diversity parameters, indicating little evidence for isolation caused by the environment. These patterns of diversity within and between populations are used to propose a conservation strategy for E. breviaristatus.

Strategies for conservation of germplasm in endemic redwoods in the face of climate change: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Giant Sequoia ◽  
The Face

This study reviews the various conservation strategies applied to the four redwood species, namely coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Sierra redwood or giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and South American redwood or alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides), which are endemic in the USA, China and South America, respectively. All four redwood genera belong to the family Cupressaceae; they are monospecific, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened in their native ranges due to human activity and a changing climate. Therefore, the management objective should be to conserve representative populations of the native species with as much genetic diversity as possible for their future survival. Those representative populations exhibiting relatively high levels of genetic diversity should be selected for germplasm preservation and monitored during the conservation phase by using molecular markers. In situ and ex situ strategies for the preservation of germplasm of the redwoods are discussed in this study. A holistic in situ gene conservation strategy calls for the regeneration of a large number of diverse redwood genotypes that exhibit adequate levels of neutral and adaptive genetic variability, by generative and vegetative methods for their preservation and maintenance in their endemic locations. At the same time, it would be desirable to conserve the redwoods in new ex situ reserves, away from their endemic locations with similar as well as different environmental conditions for testing their growth and survival capacities. In addition, other ex situ strategies involving biotechnological approaches for preservation of seeds, tissues, pollen and DNA in genebanks should also be fully exploited in the face of global climate change.

scholarly journals High Genetic Diversity and Low Differentiation in Michelia shiluensis, an Endangered Magnolia Species in South China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Deng ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yuqing Xie ◽  
Yaqing Wei ◽  
Zicai Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cpdna Markers

Research Highlights: This study is the first to examine the genetic diversity of Michelia shiluensis (Magnoliaceae). High genetic diversity and low differentiation were detected in this species. Based on these results, we discuss feasible protection measures to provide a basis for the conservation and utilization of M. shiluensis. Background and Objectives: Michelia shiluensis is distributed in Hainan and Guangdong province, China. Due to human disturbance, the population has decreased sharply, and there is thus an urgent need to evaluate genetic variation within this species in order to identify an optimal conservation strategy. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used eight nuclear single sequence repeat (nSSR) markers and two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to assess the genetic diversity, population structure, and dynamics of 78 samples collected from six populations. Results: The results showed that the average observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) from nSSR markers in each population of M. shiluensis were 0.686, 0.718, and 97.92%, respectively. For cpDNA markers, the overall haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.674, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.220. Analysis of markers showed that the genetic variation between populations was much lower based on nSSR than on cpDNA (10.18% and 77.56%, respectively, based on an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA)). Analysis of the population structure based on the two markers shows that one of the populations (DL) is very different from the other five. Conclusions: High genetic diversity and low population differentiation of M. shiluensis might be the result of rich ancestral genetic variation. The current decline in population may therefore be due to human disturbance rather than to inbreeding or genetic drift. Management and conservation strategies should focus on maintaining the genetic diversity in situ, and on the cultivation of seedlings ex-situ for transplanting back to their original habitat.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrasyid Tolangara ◽  
ALOYSIUS DURAN COREBIMA ◽  
ABDU MAS’UD ◽  
SUNDARI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Citrus Spp ◽  
Molecular Characters ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Tolangara A, Corebima AD, Mas'ud A, Sundari. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic diversity of lemon (Citrus spp.) from Ternate Island (Indonesia) based on morphological and molecular characters. Biodiversitas 21: 1908-1913. One effort to build the image of Indonesian lemon can be by utilizing local genetic resources of Citrus spp. One of the growth centra lemon regions in North Maluku is Ternate Island. In Ternate island, cui (C. macrocarpa) is dominantly cultivated besides that there are Suanggi (C. histryx), nipis (C. aurantiifolia), and lemon (C sinensis). The genetic diversity of these local lemons in North Maluku, especially in Ternate, has not been scientifically reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of local lemons found on the island of Ternate based on morphological character and RAPD molecular analyses. A total of 12 accessions of local lemons in Ternate island to studied for morphological and molecular characters. Observation of morphological and morphometric characters of the lemons on 117 characters of vegetative and generative organs in lemons. Observation of molecular characters using three primers, i.e.: OPA1, OPA 2, and OPA 3 in the RAPD technique. The morphological character and molecular character using UPGMA analysis showed similar results. Ternate Island has moderate diversity of lemon species (75% based on morphological characters and 73% based on RAPD markers). Cluster analysis indicates that cui (C. macrocarpa) has the most distinctive autapomorphic character compared to the other local lemon varieties. Nipis (C.auratiifolia) and Suanggi (C. hystrix) shared 75% synapomorphic character similarity. This genetic diversity information provides a novel insight into the lemon commodity breeding programs which can be encouraged through the selection of superior local lemons based on morphological and molecular markers.

scholarly journals The interacting effects of genetic variation in Geranium subg. Geranium (Geraniaceae) using scot molecular markers

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Bo Shi ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Abdul Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Narrow Endemic

One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and outcrossing rate of Dipterocarpus dyeri in Ma Da lowland tropical forest (Dong Nai)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
Nguyen Minh Duc ◽  
Nguyen Minh Tam ◽  
Vu Dinh Duy ◽  
Bui Thi Tuyet Xuan ◽  
Dang Phan Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Lowland Tropical Forest ◽  
Mating Rate

Human activities often lead to the disturbed and fragmented habitat and consequently threated species. Dipterocarpus dyeri (Dipterocarpaceae) is widely distributed in lowland rainforests in southeast Vietnam. Due to over- exploitation and habitat destruction in the 1980s and 1990s, the species is listed as threatened. Understanding the genetic variation and mating rate within D. dyeri population that occurs in forest patches is necessary to establish effectively conservation strategies for this species. To conserve the species in tropical forests, genetic diversity and mating rate were investigated on the basis of eight microsatellites (single sequence repeat, SSR). All of the eight loci were polymorphic. A total of 33 different alleles were observed across the screened loci. The SSR data indicated high genetic diversities (NA = 4.1; HO = 0.461 and HE = 0.543) and the inbreeding value was high (0.185). The mating system parameters were determined using the mixed mating model and indicated high outcrossing rates (tm = 0.884 and ts = 0.645). The differences of significant tm - ts value indicated that inbreeding contributed to selfing rate for this species in lowland tropical forests of Ma Da. This study also indicated the importance of conserving the genetic resources of Dipterocarpus dyeri species in Ma Da rainforests. Genetic conservation should derive from correlated outcrossing. The conservation strategy should be established an ex-situ conservation site with new big population for this species from all genetic groups, which might improve its fitness under different environmental stresses.

Genetic diversity of Amsonia orientalis

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Gürkanli ◽  
İbrahim Özkoç ◽  
Emine Aydin ◽  
Arda Acemi ◽  
Fazıl Özen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Threatened Plant Species

AbstractAmsonia orientalis Decne. (Apocynaceae), is a rare and threatened plant species which is located only in a constricted area in northeast of Greece and northwest of Turkey in the world. Although phylogenetic analysis depending on nucleotide sequences of genes from different sources (nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast) became a major tool for classification of plant species, there is still a big lack of information about A. orientalis in the international molecular data bases such as NCBI. In the current study, we phylogenetically analyzed three commonly used molecular markers (18S rDNA, 18S-28S rDNA-ITS region and trnL-F intergenic spacer) from A. orientalis samples collected from Turkey to determine the genetic diversity and also to question the systematic position of A. orientalis. As a result, A. orientalis samples clearly showed close relation with Alyxieae tribe rather than Vinceae. And this result brings the necessity to reconsider the morphological characters that have used to delimit the tribes of Rauvolfioideae.

scholarly journals Conservation strategies for Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) and the Amazonian várzea ecosystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hrbek ◽  
M. Crossa ◽  
IP. Farias
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Arapaima Gigas

In the present study we report a spatial autocorrelation analysis of molecular data obtained for Arapaima gigas, and the implication of this study for conservation and management. Arapaima is an important, but critically over-exploited giant food fish of the Amazonian várzea. Analysis of 14 variable microsatellite loci and 2,347 bp of mtDNA from 126 individuals sampled in seven localities within the Amazon basin suggests that Arapaima forms a continuous population with extensive genetic exchange among localities. Weak effect of isolation-by-distance is observed in microsatellite data, but not in mtDNA data. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of genetic and geographic data suggests that genetic exchange is significantly restricted at distances greater than 2,500 km. We recommend implementing a source-sink metapopulation management and conservation model by proposing replicate high quality várzea reserves in the upper, central, and lower Amazon basin. This conservation strategy would: 1) preserve all of the current genetic diversity of Arapaima; 2) create a set of reserves to supply immigrants for locally depleted populations; 3) preserve core várzea areas in the Amazon basin on which many other species depend. We stress that conservation strategies should not only preserve current genetic diversity, but also the evolutionary processes which have generated the observed patterns.

Genetic diversity of Peucedanum japonicum using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
YH Kim ◽  
JA Ryuk ◽  
BS Ko ◽  
JW Lee ◽  
SE Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Its Sequence
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