scholarly journals Strategy on marine debris reduction in Indonesia: a review and recommendation

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
FY Prabawa ◽  
NS Adi ◽  
WS Pranowo ◽  
SS Sukoraharjo ◽  
BG Gautama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Integrated Methods ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

Abstract In 2018, the Indonesian government started a program: National Action Plan on Marine Debris, with the target to reduce 70% of marine plastic debris by 2025. Based on local research’s result in 2018, there was an estimated 0,27 to 0,59 million tons (MT) of marine plastic debris on local seas. Thus, the target of 70% debris reduction would be at 0.35 MT per year, or the reduction of 29.500 Tons of debris per month. That is a huge number to deal with, considering there are only 4 years left to 2025. To achieve the program, a roadmap was developed, parallel to other supporting programs as well the regulations, a national task force TKN PSL also established to run the programs. But an intriguing question remains: how to improve the achievement of this challenging target in a limited time? This study aimed to figure out the progress of existing waste reduction programs and contribute the way to improve the program. The method is a combination of literature review to collect data, a comparative and analytical work and finally the development of concept and action plans to formulate recommendation. We concluded that to improve the achievement of the target, proper strategy and program are needed to accelerate and boost the progress of marine debris reduction programs. To strengthen the waste reduction effort, the use of technology needs to be strongly emphasized. The program is best to be imply directly on sites, using various integrated methods to reduce more marine debris. More units of waste processing TPS 3R or “Reuse, Reduce, Recycle” are in urgency to obtained. The units will be located along the water body areas covering upstream to downstream, inland as well on-water. For the on-water site works, a concept of the green technology-based system integrated with small-sized floating TPS 3R barge, called STAMSAL P2K, is recommended to be implemented in the action plans.

scholarly journals Marine plastic debris in Indonesia: Baseline estimates (2010-2019) and monitoring strategies (2021-2025)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Intan Suci Nurhati ◽  
Muhammad Reza Cordova
Keyword(s):  
Marine Debris ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

Indonesia set the mission to reduce marine plastic debris by 70% between 2018-2025 with a global significance to support the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14.1. This short communication assesses marine debris baseline estimates in Indonesia before 2020 from available contributions and provides recommendations for monitoring marine debris mitigation between 2021-2025. Widely ranging model estimates of plastic debris released into seas highlight the roles of data source, the spatial resolution of models, and in situ data to provide representative baseline values. Recognizing the strengths and uncertainties of available contributions, model outputs converge on a baseline value of 0.52 ± 0.36 million tons (Mt) per year prior to 2020 in Indonesia, therefore setting a targeted reduced number of 0.16 Mt of marine debris releases in 2025. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences showed a preliminary value of plastic debris accumulation in beaches at 113.58 ± 83.88 g/m2 monthly or equivalent to 0.40 Mt/year by assuming plastic debris is most pervasive within 3 meters from Indonesia’s 99,093 km-long coastlines. It is important to distinguish that while river monitoring data informs land-based plastic debris releases, stranded beach debris represents a fraction of debris that is not present in the water column and bottom sediments. Moving forward, monitoring initiatives to mitigate marine debris should leverage on nationwide municipality-level model estimates (e.g., the source to leakage route framework of the National Plastic Action Partnership) as well as in situ river and coastal particularly but not limited to sites co-identified in previous monitoring studies (i.e., Medan, Batam-Bintan, Padang, Jakarta-Seribu Islands, Semarang, Pontianak, Bali, Lombok, Makassar, Manado, Bitung). The latter should be conducted at least seasonally, considering evidence of monsoonal variations of marine debris release and accumulation in Indonesia. Indonesia's vastness and regional diversity require coordination among stakeholders (government agencies, research institutions, universities, NGOs, citizen scientists) to monitor progress in the environments.

scholarly journals Impacts of plastic debris on biota and implications for human health: A South African perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trishan Naidoo ◽  
Anusha Rajkaran ◽  
Sershen Not available
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

Entanglement and ingestion of plastics are the main ecological impacts of marine plastic debris on marine biota, but indirect effects such as the transport of alien species and benthic smothering are also important to note. Entanglement of invertebrates, sharks, turtles, birds and marine mammals is mainly caused by macroplastics (>5 mm), and leads to reduced mobility, ineffective foraging and subsequent mortality. The main plastic types associated with entanglement are improperly discarded fishing nets, lines, ropes and straps. In South Africa and surrounding waters, plastic ingestion has been reported in a number of marine species: sharks (n=10), fish (n>=7), turtles (n=1) and birds (n=36). Lethal (macroplastic) and sub-lethal effects (microplastic ≤5 mm) of marine debris on biota have been noted, but at the time of this review there were no published reports on impacts at the population level. Consumed shellfish are possible vectors for the introduction of microplastics into humans. The specific impacts of microplastic ingestion on human health are largely unknown, but additives associated with plastics represent a threat. The research infrastructure in South Africa is insufficient to monitor and characterise marine plastic debris and, in many cases, not in line with global standards. More research effort is needed to understand the impacts of marine plastic debris on humans and marine biota in South Africa, particularly at the population level. Significance • Macroplastics affect marine biota mainly via entanglement and microplastics largely through ingestion. • Macro- and microplastic interactions with biota can result in sub-lethal effects and mortality but no population effects have been reported for South Africa. • Consumed shellfish are a potential source of microplastics for humans but their potential effects in humans remain unknown. • Better infrastructure is needed for improved monitoring and research on the effects of marine debris in South Africa.

Detecting and Classifying Marine Plastic Debris from high-resolution multispectral satellite data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Kikaki ◽  
Ioannis Kakogeorgiou ◽  
Paraskevi Mikeli ◽  
Dionysios E. Raitsos ◽  
Konstantinos Karantzalos
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

<p>Plastic debris in the global ocean is considered an essential issue with severe implications for human health and marine ecosystems. Remote sensing is a useful tool for detecting and identifying marine pollution; however, there are still few studies and benchmark datasets for developing monitoring solutions for marine plastic debris detection from high-resolution satellite data.</p><p>Here, we present an annotated plastic debris dataset from different geographical regions, seasons, and years, including annotations for sea surface features (e.g., foam), objects (e.g., ship) and floating macroalgae species such as Sargassum. Our dataset is based on high-resolution multispectral satellite observations collected mainly for the period 2014-2020 over the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea). Over this region, large plastic debris masses and Sargassum macroalgae blooms have been frequently reported, suggesting that it is an ideal region to examine satellite sensors' effectiveness in plastic debris identification, as well as monitoring along with sea surface circulation and meteorological data.</p><p>We also present a set of machine learning classification frameworks for marine debris detection on high-resolution satellite imagery, comparing qualitatively and quantitatively their overall performance. The new algorithms were validated against different regions that have been reported as major plastic polluted areas, as well as their performance was compared to well-established FAI and new promising FDI. This benchmark study can trigger more research and developement efforts towards the systematic detection and monitoring of marine plastic pollution.</p>

scholarly journals Distribution of marine debris in Jakarta Bay and its implication to the coastal ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
Nasir Sudirman ◽  
Devi Dwiyanti Suryono ◽  
August Daulat ◽  
Agustin Rustam ◽  
Hadiwijaya L Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
West Java ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Polluted Rivers ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

Abstract Citarum River, which ended up in Muaragembong, Bekasi Regency-West Java Province, is known recently as one of the most polluted rivers globally, including pollution caused by plastic litter. This research was conducted in the surrounding river, estuary, and mangrove ecosystem in Muaragembong, which aimed to determine macro debris and analyze its impact on the coastal ecosystem. Marine debris sampling in the mangrove ecosystem was done by line transect, while the net using for marine debris sampling surrounding river and estuary. The result showed that debris composition in Muaragembong consisted of 80% inorganic and 20% organic, where plastic debris dominated with 50-81% and was distributed throughout the estuary and mangrove ecosystem. The highest density was found in the mangrove ecosystem in the Kali Mati Estuary (Pantai Sederhana Village) with 222.67 waste/m2, while the heaviest waste was found in the Bendera Estuary (Pantai Bahagia Village) 4,663.64 grams/m2. This condition explained the lack of marine debris management in the Muaragembong estuary, where most inorganic debris originated from household litter. This research also supports data and information for baseline Indonesia’s marine plastic debris due to comprehensive data needed to reduce 70% of marine plastic debris by 2025.

scholarly journals Momentum Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia: Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanganan Sampah Plastik di Laut 2019-2024

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Cecep Hermawan ◽  
Hasan Sidik
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Trust Fund ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
East Asia Summit ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

The purpose of this article are explaining the National Action Plan against Marine Plastic Debris 2018-2025 as the diplomatic momentum for Indonesia to to succeed in its maritime diplomacy. Researchers used the theory of maritime diplomacy proposed by Christian le Miere. In analyzing existing maritime diplomacy, researchers used the momentum diplomatic theory from G.R. Berridge in researching diplomatic strategies used in transforming national policies into diplomatic strategies. In this study, researchers used qualitative research with discourse analysis as the technique for data analysis to analyze the establishment of existing momentum. From this study, it’s found that the National Action Plan Against Marine Plastic Debtis is Indonesia’s Diplomatic Momentum. Proven by the elevation of the issues, as well supported by Indonesia’s leadership in ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and Our Ocean Conference, as well as the establishment of Indonesia Oceans Multi-Donor Trust Fund showing the success of National Action Plan as Indonesia’s Maritime Diplomacy Momentum. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanganan Sampah Plastik di Laut 2018-2025 dapat menjadi sebuah momentum diplomatik bagi Indonesia dalam mewujudkan visi diplomasi maritimnya. Peneliti menggunakan teori Diplomasi Maritim yang dikemukakan Christian le Miere. Dalam menganalisis diplomasi maritim yang ada, peneliti menggunakan teori momentum diplomatik dari G.R. Berridge untuk menganalisis proses perubahan kebijakan nasional menjadi strategi diplomasi. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data berupa analisis wacana untuk menganalisis pembentukan momentum yang ada. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanganan Sampah Plastik di Laut 2018-2025 merupakan momentum diplomatik Indonesia. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan urgensi dari isu sampah plastik, dan didukung dengan posisi kepemimpinan Indonesia di tingkat ASEAN, East Asia Summit dan Our Ocean Conference, serta terbentuknya Indonesia-Oceans Multi-Donor Trust Fund menunjukkan keberhasilan penggunaan Rencana Aksi sebagai momentum diplomatik dari diplomasi maritim Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Correlation And Dispersion Of Marine Debris To Mollusca In The Interidal Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenius Alfred Renjaan ◽  
Dortje Theodora Silubun ◽  
Dullah Irwan Latar ◽  
Marvin Mario Makailipessy ◽  
Megawati Elisabet Juley
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Kei Islands ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

The research was carried out on Langgur Beach from January to March 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation and dispersion of marine debris to molluscs in the Intertidal Zone of Langgur Beach, the edge of the Rosenberg Strait, Kei Islands, Indonesia. The data collection method of this research is the quadratic method. The results of the study noted that the total marine debris accumulated at 21 sampling points amounted to 7,596 items consisting of 14 categories of marine debris and 6 species of Mollusca were found. The results of the analysis show that the dispersion of surface marine debris and marine debris in the sediments are scattered in groups, the dispersion per type of macrozoobenthos on the surface and in the sediments is scattered in groups, regularly and randomly. The results of the analysis also showed a positive correlation between marine plastic debris on the sediment surface and the bivalves of Gafrarium pectinatum on the sediment surface.

scholarly journals Heat Perception and Coping Strategies: A Structured Interview-Based Study of Elderly People in Cologne, Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7495
Author(s):  
Juliane Kemen ◽  
Silvia Schäffer-Gemein ◽  
Johanna Grünewald ◽  
Thomas Kistemann
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Heat Perception ◽  
And Coping

The transdisciplinary project “Heat-Health Action Plan for Elderly People in Cologne” addresses the most heat-vulnerable risk group, people over 65 years of age. A quantitative study aimed to better understand heat perception and coping strategies of elderly people during heat waves to inform heat-health action plans. We conducted a representative quantitative survey via structured interviews with 258 randomly chosen people over 65 years old, living in their own homes in four areas of Cologne, Germany. These areas varied, both in terms of social status and heat strain. Data regarding demographics, health status, coping strategies, and heat perception were collected in personal interviews from August to October 2019. The majority of the participants perceived heat strain as moderate to very challenging. Women, people with a lower monthly income, and those with a lower health status found the heat more challenging. We found that participants adapted to heat with a number of body-related, home-protective, and activity-related coping strategies. The number of coping strategies was associated with perceived personal heat strain. There is a definite underuse of water-related heat adaption strategies among the elderly. This is of increasing relevance, as rising heat impact will lead to more heat-related geriatric morbidity. Our results are seminal to inform elderly-specific, socio-adapted local heat-health action plans.

scholarly journals 31.C. Workshop: Development and implementation of action plans on health literacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Action Plans

Abstract Health literacy (HL) has become an important topic in many countries. As HL - meaning the ability to access, understand, appraise and apply health information (Sørensen et al. 2012) - is important to make sound health decisions, to promote health and to take an active part in managing health and illness in everyday life and navigating the health care system. In the modern digital knowledge society, HL is also indispensable for orienting oneself in the abundance of mostly digital health information, including incorrect and false information, for locating reliable information and for assessing the trustworthiness and quality of information. However, available studies show that HL is insufficient in many countries. Low HL has - as many studies show - negative social consequences ranging from unhealthy behaviour, higher risk for diseases, less self-care and deficits in coping with illness and chronicity, to over- and misuse (extensive use) of health care. The promotion of HL is therefore an important public health task. An increasing number of population studies and policy documents currently underline this. The WHO has therefore included HL into many of its strategies, like the declarations of Shanghai (2016) and Astana (2018), and has published several publications focusing on HL, like the Solid Facts (2013), the 57th Health Evidence Network Report (2018) or the Roadmap for Implementing Health Literacy Activities (2019). In many countries, strategies and national action plans to improve HL have been developed in response to the political call for action, e.g. in Scotland, Germany and recently also in Portugal. Other countries and regions are currently working on the development of a HL action plan, e.g. Belgium and the WHO European Region action plan on HL. The development and especially the implementation strategies of action plans in different countries and the experiences gained will be discussed comparatively in the workshop. Following an introduction (10'), two countries, which already have action plans will introduce their implementation strategy in one presentation each: Germany and Portugal (30'). This will be followed by two presentations of countries/regions in which action plans are currently being developed: Belgium and WHO Europe (30'). Afterwards the participants will have the opportunity to ask questions and discuss on the different strategies (20'). The workshop will help other initiatives to successfully develop and implement policy plans and strategies in different fields of public health. Key messages Strategies and national action plans to improve HL have been developed in different countries/regions. It is important to reflect on the chosen development and implementation strategies and to discuss their effects, successes and barriers.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of marine plastic debris

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 116033 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Iñiguez ◽  
Juan A. Conesa ◽  
Andrés Fullana
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

Suggestions for a Modified Approach Towards Implementation and Assessment of Ganga Action Plan and Other Similar River Action Plans in India

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Tare ◽  
Purnendu Bose ◽  
Santosh K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Action Plans

Abstract In India, the implementation of river-cleaning operations through River Action Plans (RAPs) conventionally focuses on a reduction in concentrated or point sources of organic loading to the river, and is assessed by monitoring the consequent improvement in river water quality. However, in the case of Indian rivers or river stretches having substantial background pollution due to distributed or non-point loading of organic matter and nutrients, elimination of point sources of pollution may not substantially impact or improve river water quality. It is suggested that implementation of River Action Plans in India under such circumstances must be conducted using a multi-tier approach. The initial emphasis in such cases should be on the selection of priority stretches of the river, where pollution control will have maximum beneficial impact on the citizens, and interception and diversion of all concentrated or point loads of pollution from these stretches. In addition, measures to minimize non-point pollution and visible pollution to the river and initiation of riverfront restoration and development projects are necessary in these priority stretches. Such measures would result in aesthetic improvements, increase the beneficial uses of the river and its surroundings, and generate favorable public perception towards RAPs, though they may not be sufficient to enhance the river water quality to the desired levels. However, as a result of the above actions, public support for funding more expensive and longer-term river cleaning schemes, resulting in comprehensive reduction in organic and nutrient loading to the river from point and non-point sources all along its length, may be generated. The need for this alternative methodology for implementation and assessment of RAPs in India has been illustrated by taking the example of the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) and assessment of its implementation near the city of Kanpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, as a test case.

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