scholarly journals Distillation-Adsorption of Bioethanol Using Natural Kaolin

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
F I P Sari ◽  
B S Wibowo ◽  
R Irwanto ◽  
S Sarfita
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Grade Ethanol

Abstract Bioethanol has been known as one of the alternative energy sources to replace petroleum. The use of bioethanol as a fuel has requirements that must meet fuel standards or refer to as Fuel Grade Ethanol (FGE). Further refining is required to achieve this qualification. The distillation method is the most commonly used method in bioethanol purification, but the results are less than optimal and sometimes the ethanol produced will be more volatile. Distillation-adsorption method using clay-based materials was developed to solve this problem. The purpose of this study is to purify bioethanol and determine the physical characteristics of the bioethanol produced and to assess the % purity of bioethanol from adsorption distillation. Characterization of activated natural kaolin as adsorbent, determination of the optimum contact time in the distillation-adsorption process, determination of the optimum mass of kaolin used and determination of the physical properties of bioethanol have been carried out. The results showed that 1 hour adsorption distillation could increase the ethanol content from 7.9% to 29.33%. In the study of the effect of the mass of kaolin, the optimum result was 25.25% ethanol using a mass of 5 grams. physical properties test of bioethanol obtained a density of 0.8211 gr/cm3 and a viscosity of 2.096 cps.

Caracterización de la roca mediante propiedades físicas y su relación con la resistencia a la compresión simple

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5081-5093
Author(s):  
Patricio Feijoo Calle ◽  
Elizabeth Brito Verdezoto
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Approximate Determination ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Calculation Methodology

En este trabajo se propone una metodología sencilla y de aplicación práctica en campo para la determinación aproximada de la Resistencia a la Compresión Simple (RCS) en rocas, propiedad o característica que es importante en minería, ya que mediante la misma, se ejecutan análisis para la valoración de factores de seguridad y estabilidad y/o posibles sistemas de fortificación en las obras o estructuras mineras, a más de que la caracterización de la RCS es también influyente en el uso de explosivos para la explotación o extracción de materiales de una cantera o mina. Esta estimación se la propone en base a la determinación de las siguientes tres propiedades de la roca, que en esta investigación las denominamos densidad, porosidad y absorción “en mina”. Estas propiedades físicas se las puede obtener de una forma simple, pero metódica y en este trabajo se han ejecutado ensayos sobre un mismo material o roca proveniente de la zona de Cojitambo, provincia del Cañar (Ecuador) y sobre una base de 60 muestras o probetas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten una correlación entre las propiedades antes descritas y la RCS, a más que se ha estructurado una metodología de cálculo para el objetivo planteado.   This work proposes a simple methodology and practical application in the field for the approximate determination of the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) in rocks, property or characteristic that is important in mining, since through it analyzes are carried out to the assessment of security and stability factors and/or possible fortification systems in the works or mining structures, in addition to the characterization of the UCS is also influential in the use of explosives for the exploitation or extraction of materials from a quarry or mine. This estimate is proposed based on the determination of the following three properties of the rock, which in this investigation we call density, porosity and absorption “in mine”. These physical properties can be obtained in a simple, but methodical way and in this work, tests have been carried out on the same material or rock from the Cojitambo area, Cañar province (Ecuador) and on the basis of 60 samples or test tubes. The results obtained allow a correlation between the properties described above and the UCS, in addition to a calculation methodology for the proposed objective.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Ca14NbxIn1-xAs11 (x ≈ 0.85)

2016 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Svilen Bobev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Major Product ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Set Up

Single-crystals of the new compound Ca14NbxIn1–xAs11 have been obtained from a solid-state reaction in a sealed Nb ampoule. The initial experiment had been set up with the aim to investigate the effect of electron doping (via In) on the crystal structure and physical properties of Ca14MnAs11. Subsequent single-crystal X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis work suggested that instead of Ca14MnxIn1–xAs11, the major product of the reaction is the phase Ca14NbxIn1–xAs11. This supposition was corroborated when the title compound was synthesized from a reaction of Ca, In and As in a sealed Nb ampoule, proving that, 1) Mn metal is not included in the structure, and 2) that the inadvertent side reaction of As with the walls of the Nb container is the source of the niobium. The overall structure is isotypic with the tetragonal Ca14AlSb11 structure type (space group I41/acd), although some marked differences between the two must be noted. Current ongoing work is focused on the synthesis of phase pure polycrystalline samples and determination of the physical properties of this unusual transition metal Zintl phase.

scholarly journals Purification of Biogas From Tofu Waste using Zeolite and Activated Carbon (AC) as Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Biogas Purification ◽  
Solid Adsorbents ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Different Diameters

<p>Substitution of fossil fuel into alternative energy sources, such as biogas, needs to be applied to prevent various problems in the environment. Biogas purification can be an alternative technology to improve the quality of biogas, which increases the heat value by reducing CO2. Purification can be carried out by the adsorption method using solid adsorbents, for example natural zeolite and activated carbon. This study used 12 reactors from PVC, with 2 different diameters, 3 different mesh size (20,50,80) and was given both zeolite (A1-A3; B1-B3) and activated carbon (A4-A6; B4-B6). Biogas purification with the addition of zeolite has an optimal compound content in reactor A3 which has an increase in CH4 (63.63%) and decrease in CO2 composition (25.07%), which is better than other reactors. Meanwhile, the results of measurements of gas content on the addition of activated carbon showed optimal performance in reactor A6, which was increased to 76.86% for CH4 levels and CO2 levels dropped to 19.79%.</p>

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated PVDF TiO2-Natural Zeolite Nanocomposites Membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Juliandri ◽  
Agung Nurfadillah ◽  
Rukiah ◽  
Muhamad Nasir ◽  
Rubianto A. Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Membrane Conductivity ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Fuel cell is one of the future alternative energy sources. Commercial fuel cell membrane currently used is Nafion which has several disadvantages including low stability at high temperature, and low conductivity at low humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to study an alternative membrane for PEMFC. The purpose of this research is to synthesis an alternative fuel cell membrane from sulfonated PVDF doped with nanocomposites of natural zeolite of Cipatujah, West Java, Indonesia and TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesis of zeolite-TiO2 nanocomposites was performed by sol-gel method using TEOT and zeolite of Cipatujah. The nanocomposites were added to PVDF in DMSO solvent prior to ultrasonification for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The membrane was casted and sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid for 4, 6 and 8 hours. The membrane was characterized with FTIR, SEM-EDX, and four-point probe spectroscope. The FTIR analysis shows the existence of sulfone in the polymer. The SEM-EDX results show that the SiO2 from the zeolite and TiO2 have been successfully inserted to the membrane. The conductivity analysis shows that the best membrane conductivity, 0.00389 S/cm was achieved for 6 hours sulfonation and 3 hours ultrasonication.

ETHANOL RECOVERY FROM PROPOLIS PRODUCTION WASTE USING ADSORPTION DISTILLATION METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
MUHAMAD SAHLAN ◽  
LINDATIANA YULISTIONO ◽  
ASHADI SASONGKO ◽  
APRILIANA CAHYA KHAYRANI ◽  
KENNY LISCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Initial Identification ◽  
Ethanol Recovery ◽  
By Products

Objective: This study objective to compare two adsorbents in the ability to recover ethanol in the propolis production by-product. Methods: Research methods include initial identification of the compound content in ethanol by-products of propolis production with GC/MS and determination of ethanol levels by GC-FID. The process of increasing ethanol content is carried out by the adsorption distillation method; the adsorbent used are synthetic zeolite 3A and white silica gel which has activated with the furnace. Results: The result obtained from the study is the initial ethanol content 27.5%. After the ethanol recycle process using synthetic zeolite 3A 30, 60, and 90 grams, it was obtained content 82.3%, 87.1%, and 90.9%. By using 30, 60, and 90 grams silica gel, it was obtained content 72.0%, 79.2%, and 82.2%. Conclusion: Based on these results it can be concluded that the ethanol content of the by-products of propolis production has been successfully increased by the distillation adsorption method with synthetic zeolite 3A 90 grams as the best result. The ethanol which recycling with this formulation has the characteristic odor of ethanol, which is very strong and does not has the characteristic odor of propolis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite-Alginate Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Nickel and Cobalt Ion Adsorption from Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia A. A. El-Shamy ◽  
Ragaa E. El-Azabawy ◽  
Olfat. E. El-Azabawy
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Freundlich Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Absorption Measurements

Superparamagnetic magnetite-alginate nanoparticles (M-AlgNPs) were synthesized utilizing a coprecipitation method. Then, the prepared M-AlgNPs were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) to affirm the formation and the crystallinity of this composite. In addition, the surface morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was inspected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which revealed well-dispersed nanoparticles of Fe3O4 into alginate. The adsorption characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles for removing Ni+2 and Co+2 from wastewater were evaluated via atomic absorption measurements (AAS). The elimination efficiency of the M-AlgNPs was detected at pH=7 in 100 ppm (initial concentration) of Ni+2 and Co+2, separately. The M-AlgNPs provided the maximum equilibrium uptake percentage for Ni+2 and Co+2 of 97.88 and 95.01%, respectively. The adsorption of Ni+2 and Co+2 onto the M-AlgNP surface was found to fit the Langmuir model with R2 values higher than that obtained from the Freundlich model for both metal ions. Moreover, RL “separating factor” for the adsorption process was assessed and found to be less than unity; this expresses the higher ability of the investigated metal ions to be adsorbed onto the M-AlgNP surface. The adsorption method was discovered to be pH-dependent and well-suited to the isothermal equations of Langmuir and Freundlich. For regeneration studies, M-AlgNPs have been investigated and results confirmed that it could be reused with effective sorption capacity over three cycles.

scholarly journals Rock Characterization Through Physical Properties and Their Relationship to Simple Compressive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Feijoo C. ◽  
Elizabeth Brito V.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Approximate Determination ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Rock Density ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Rock Characterization

This work proposes a simple methodology and practical application in the field for the approximate determination of the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) in rocks, property or characteristic that is important in mining, since through it analyzes are carried out to the assessment of security and stability factors and/or possible fortification systems in the works or mining structures, in addition to the characterization of the UCS is also influential in the use of explosives for the exploitation or extraction of materials from a quarry or mine. This estimate is proposed based on the determination of the following three properties of the rock, which in this investigation we call density, porosity and absorption ‘in mine’. These physical properties can be obtained in a simple, but methodical way and in this work, tests have been carried out on the same material or rock from the Cojitambo area, Cañar province (Ecuador) and on the basis of 60 samples or test tubes. The results obtained allow a correlation between the properties described above and the UCS, in addition to a calculation methodology for the proposed objective. Keywords: compression, rock, density, porosity, absorption, fortification. Resumen En este trabajo se propone una metodología sencilla y de aplicación práctica en campo para la determinación aproximada de la Resistencia a la Compresión Simple (RCS) en rocas, propiedad o característica que es importante en minería, ya que mediante la misma, se ejecutan análisis para la valoración de factores de seguridad y estabilidad y/o posibles sistemas de fortificación en las obras o estructuras mineras, a más de que la caracterización de la RCS es también influyente en el uso de explosivos para la explotación o extracción de materiales de una cantera o mina. Esta estimación se la propone en base a la determinación de las siguientes tres propiedades de la roca, que en esta investigación las denominamos densidad, porosidad y absorción ‘en mina’. Estas propiedades físicas se las puede obtener de una forma simple, pero metódica y en este trabajo se han ejecutado ensayos sobre un mismo material o roca proveniente de la zona de Cojitambo, provincia del Cañar (Ecuador) y sobre una base de 60 muestras o probetas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten una correlación entre las propiedades antes descritas y la RCS, a más que se ha estructurado una metodología de cálculo para el objetivo planteado. Palabras Clave: compresión, roca, densidad, porosidad, absorción, fortificación.

Protein dynamics: comparison of simulations with inelastic neutron scattering experiments

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Protein Dynamics ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Inelastic Neutron Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Globular Proteins ◽  
Inelastic Neutron ◽  
Internal Motions

To deepen our understanding of the principles determining the folding and functioning of globular proteins the determination of their three-dimensional structures must be supplemented with the characterization of their internal motions. Although dynamical events in proteins occur on time-scale ranging from femtoseconds to at least seconds, the physical properties of globular proteins are such that picosecond (ps) time-scale motions make a particularly important contribution to the internal fluctuations of the atoms from their mean positions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Potential-Induced Degradation and Recovery in CIGS Solar Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4628
Author(s):  
Solhee Lee ◽  
Soohyun Bae ◽  
Se Jin Park ◽  
Jihye Gwak ◽  
JaeHo Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Cigs Thin Film ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells

The potential-induced degradation (PID) mechanism in Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, which are alternative energy sources with a high efficiency (>23%) and upscaling possibilities, remains unclear. Therefore, the cause of PID in CIGS solar cells was investigated in this study at the cell level. First, an appropriate PID experiment structure at the cell level was determined. Subsequently, PID and recovery tests were conducted to confirm the PID phenomenon. Light current–voltage (I–V), dark I–V, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) analyses were conducted to determine changes in the cell characteristics. In addition, capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements were carried out to determine the doping concentration and width of the space charge region (SCR). Based on the results, the causes of PID and recovery of CIGS solar cells were explored, and it was found that PID occurs due to changes in the bulk doping concentration and built-in potential at the junction. Furthermore, by distinguishing the effects of temperature and voltage, it was found that PID phenomena occurred when potential difference was involved.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document