scholarly journals Intraspecific Divergence of the Colorado Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on the Territory of the USSR and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022009
Author(s):  
S Fasulati ◽  
O Ivanova ◽  
L Rubtsova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Long Term Changes

Abstract The article presents the results of more than 40 years of research on the intraspecific variability and divergent microevolution of the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) during its expansion in the USSR and Russia. In this part of the species secondary area, 9 of its allopatric forms were mapped at the level of races (ecotypes), including 2 new ecotypes - northern and Azerbaijani, were identified in the last 5 years. To indicate ecotypes in the CPB area, the methods of classical population phenetics are applied. Ecotypes of the pest were formed in various potato-growing agro-climatic zones and differ in the individuals occurrence frequency with 9 types (morphs) of the imago pronotum pattern. Long-term changes in the phenetic structure of individual pest ecotypes over a period of 30-40 years were revealed. This indicates the continuation of microevolutionary processes in the CPB within the realized area due to the instability of the ecological situation in the agroecosystems. Under these conditions, the main inducers of divergent processes in pest populations are the agricultural production factors - for example, the resistant potato varieties such as Peterburgskiy, Ryabinushka, Sudaryinya and others.

The USSR as a “Weak State”: Agrarian Origins of Resistance to Perestroika

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Van Atta
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Radical Reconstruction ◽  
Party State

The party-state apparatus's structure, which makes it incapable of implementing systemic reforms, is a principal source of resistance to Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of radical reconstruction (perestroika) in the USSR. This apparatus took form in the struggle to subdue the peasantry in the 1930s. Its basic means for managing agricultural production (and, to some extent, industrial production as well), is the mobilizational campaign. But campaigns are by nature intermittent and thus ineffective at eliciting subtle, long-term changes in organizational or individual behavior. For perestroika to succeed, alternative instruments for policy implementation which offer effective political and economic incentives for increased production must be developed. Despite its pervasiveness and intrusiveness, the Soviet state is incapable of effectively implementing many kinds of change in society. In that sense, it is a “weak state.”

scholarly journals Forest reclamtion – the basis for arrangement of sustainable agrolandscapes in conditions of insufficient moistening

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кулик ◽  
Konstantin Kulik ◽  
Пугачёва ◽  
Anna Pugacheva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Effective Functioning ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

A long-term (seven years) program of development of protective afforestation in conditions of insufficient moistening on the example of the Volgograd region has been worked out as a result of many years research in the field of agroforest amelioration. The main tasks of the pro-gram are the reduction of soil degradation and improvement of the total ecological situation by the increase and stabilization of agricultural production for effective functioning of agroindustrial complex in conditions of import substitution.

On the diversity of the effects of the state support for agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Corporate Farms

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.

Analysis of Long-term Changes of Days with 25℃ or Higher Air Temperatures in Jeju

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Choi ◽  
Yumi Cha ◽  
Jeoung-Yun Kim ◽  
Cheol-Hong Park
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Changes

Influence of NPK fertilization on weed flora in maize field

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
M. Kamuti ◽  
N. Mazsu ◽  
J. Tamás ◽  
D. Sáringer-Kenyeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Plant nutrition is one of the most important intensification factors of crop production. The utilization of nutrients, however, may be modified by a number of production factors, including weed presence. Thus, the knowledge of occurring weed species, their abundance, nutrient and water uptake is extremely important to establish an appropriate basis for the evaluation of their risks or negative effects on crops. That is why investigations were carried out in a long-term fertilization experiment on the influence of different nutrient supplies (Ø, PK, NK, NPK) on weed flora in maize field.The weed surveys recorded similar diversity on the experimental area: the species of A. artemisiifolia, S. halepense and D. stramonium were dominant, but C. album and C. hybridum were also common. These species and H. annuus were the most abundant weeds.Based on the totalized and average data of all treatments, density followed the same tendency in the experimental years. It was the highest in the PK treated and untreated plots, and significantly exceeded the values of NK fertilized areas. Presumably the better N availability promoted the development of nitrophilic weeds, while the mortality of other small species increased.Winter wheat and maize forecrops had no visible influence on the diversity and the intensity of weediness. On the contrary, there were consistent differences in the density of certain weed species in accordance to the applied nutrients. A. artemisiifolia was present in the largest number in the untreated control and PK fertilized plots. The density of S. halepense and H. annuus was also significantly higher in the control areas. The number of their individuals was smaller in those plots where N containing fertilizers were used. Contrary to them, the density of D. stramonium, C. album and C. hybridum was the highest in the NPK treatments.

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