Ensuring food security in Kazakhstan in modern economic conditions

Food security occupies a special place in the system of national security of Kazakhstan, since the availability of food serves as a basic indicator of human activity. The country’s maximum participation in the international division of labor in the agro­industrial complex depends on solving the problem of food security. The choice of directions is determined by economic opportunities of the country, its role in the world, conducting of domestic agro­food policy, determination of advanced development strategy of agroindustrial complex, its basic branch – agriculture. Kazakhstan is the largest exporter of grain and takes leading place in the world in flour export. Thanks to good harvests in recent years, Kazakhstan was able to strengthen its ability to stabilize prices in the markets of Central Asia, Russian Federation, the Middle East, Europe and the Caucasus and improve its own prospects in terms of food security in the adjacent regions. The agriculture of Kazakhstan is in urgent need of modernization of its material and technical base, more advanced technologies and more effective and targeted state support, without which its dynamic development observed in recent years will be at risk.

Implementation of Innovation Development Models in Agrarian Sphere of Economy at the North Caucasian Federal District, Russia

The present paper aims to analyse the problems of the innovation development component in the agricultural economy of the North Caucasian Federal District of the Russian Federation in terms of the operational settings of agroeconomic systems, facilities of economic entities, organisational and economic mechanisms, managerial function and prioritisation of innovation directions. The current aspects of innovation-driven development of the regional agroindustrial complex are discussed. Priorities of innovation development in agriculture and related industries of the agroindustrial complex of the North Caucasian Federal District are proposed, based on the technological reequipment of agroindustrial enterprises, instituting the innovation-driven mechanism of agroindustrial operations, building up the information, people and financial support of the innovation development system of the agroindustrial complex, ensuring proper economic conditions for implementing innovation programmes and projects, state financing of innovation activities, broad attraction of investment and improving solvency. The practical implementation of innovations should rely on a built system of regional innovation-driven development, clear and structured iterations in adopting all groups of innovations in agroindustrial sectors based on centralised vertical alignment between all branches of government and horizontal cross-departmental cooperation. A crucial regulatory role in this process should be played by government structures across economic and education sectors closely tied with agroindustrial production. Effective implementation of innovation policies will depend on ensuring proper economic conditions for putting forward innovation programmes and projects, on the availability of state funding to support innovation activities, attracting investment in the innovation sphere, advancing entrepreneurship and commercialisation of innovation projects. The identification of factors inhibiting the adoption of innovation in the agroeconomy of the North Caucasian Federal District and current trends in innovation activities of enterprises and operations suggests a conclusion concerning the need for a systemic approach to innovation in the region taking into account national interests and makes the basis for further proposals of scientifically-based directions of economic transformations and coordination of efforts between all government structures engaged in this process and responsible for solving these tasks. The findinmgs of this paper can be used by the control bodies of the regional agroindustrial complex, by the students of agricultural colleges and other public and private entities of the North Caucasian Federal District for better economic transformations and coordination.

The Sociodemographic Aspect of Sustainable Development Formation of the Agroindustrial Complex in the Far Eastern Federal District

The article describes the sociodemographic aspect of sustainable development formation of the agroindustrial complex, consistent with the regional features. The methodological and theoretical basis of this publication is the works of economic theory founders and the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of the sociodemographic aspect of sustainable development formation of the agroindustrial sector. The methodology based on the revealing and studying the problems of the sociodemographic aspect of sustainable development of the agroindustrial complex and the common and regional factors of sustainable development of the agroindustrial complex. Used methods: analysis, synthesis, monographical, analytical, abstract-logical, calculation and constructive, economic and statistical, economic and mathematical, sociologial, expert.

Trends in the development of the direction of electroderatization

The article discusses the existing methods of deratization based on the electrophysical principle. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed; therefore, theoretical options for improving these systems are proposed. A little-studied promising direction in electroderatization, treatment of premises with ozone, generated under the influence of an electric discharge, is highlighted. The prospect of this direction is indicated, in addition to the direct deratization properties, but also other positive factors that result from ozone treatment. It is proposed to use the hardware and software complex of the automated process control system when carrying out deratization measures. Keywords: CONTROL METHODS, PESTS IN AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX, ELECTROPHYSICAL METHOD OF PROTECTION, ELECTRODERATIZATION, RODENTS, ULTRASONIC DETERRENT, BARRIER ELECTRODERATIZER, OZONATION, APCS

The system of disposal of equipment in the agro-industrial complex and issues of the legislative framework

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the state of the equipment recycling system in Russia and the issues of improving the legislative framework that accompanies it. The role of state structures in solving the problems of forming a resource-saving ecooriented system for the disposal of decommissioned equipment is reflected. To analyze the work in the field of waste management, to reflect the state of the legislative framework for the existing system of recycling equipment in Russia and abroad, to make recommendations for its improvement. Problems with waste appear when, in the process of production and consumption of substances, objects (equipment), he/she becomes unnecessary for their owners, their owner tries to get rid of this object in the most accessible way. According to numerous information, the disposal of equipment in Russia is mainly carried out (black waste collectors), which control more than 60 % of the scrap of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, so the solution to the problem of creating an effective system for the disposal of equipment becomes not just relevant, but vital for our state. The scientific community in Russia is constantly conducting research on the creation and implementation of a system for the disposal of decommissioned equipment, so, for example, MADI scientists proposed a regional car recycling system for implementation, the scientists of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution FNAC VIM also developed a regional system for the disposal of agricultural recycling equipment. In order to quickly solve the problem of working out a general strategy for creating an effective system of recycling equipment in Russia, taking into account the revision of the legislative framework, it is advisable to "run-in" it at the industry level, for example, in the agroindustrial complex, with subsequent replication in other industries.

Actual issues of accounting for subsidies by commodity producers of the agroindustrial complex when calculating corporate income tax

The article examines the procedure for accounting for subsidies in the formation of the tax base for corporate income tax, systematizes the factors that affect the determination of the procedure for their accounting. An algorithm is derived for accounting for subsidies for agricultural producers when calculating the tax base for corporate income tax based on the peculiarities of the formation of the tax base for income tax, providing for the possibility of forming tax bases that are taxed at different tax rates.

Ensuring food security in Kazakhstan in the context of the EAEU

The aim is to study the problems of ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of the Eurasian Economic Union. Methods - monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical. Results - it is shown that each of the EAEU member States has identified priority areas and mechanisms for sustainable development. The main economic indicators of agroindustrial complex, indicating a significant increase in the volume of agricultural production in comparison with the previous time periodare considered. The level of per capita consumption of basic food products of the Union member States has been justified, which characterizes the economic and physical availability of food and confirms a favorable situation in this area. The regions producing the largest volumes of food products in monetary terms have been identified; sectors that provide more than half of all production in the countryare identified. Despite the positive trends, problems that have a significant impact on the growth of production potential of Kazakhstanare identified. An insufficient level of consumption of certain types of products in the republic is noted. Conclusions - in order to ensure the collective food security of the EAEU member States, measures aimed to develop cooperation and integration in the AIC, to create a favorable environment for increasing the competitiveness of the industry, marketing of agricultural products and foodhave been proposed. In agricultural policy, it is important to take into account the main risks and threats to sustainable economic development: exceeding the threshold value of imports; price imbalances in goods market; shortage of qualified personnel; underdevelopment of the system of monitoring and forecasting indicators of agri-food market.

INNOVATION IN RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS

The article explores the issues of innovation in the area of agriculture of the Russian Federation. The specifics of the industry and the importance of innovations in this area for the state and the involved enterprises are determined. In addition to studying theoretical aspects, special attention is paid to the analysis of the recent statistics related to the current state of this industry: on enterprises introducing innovations, the volume of innovative products, the amount of innovation costs of organizations, etc. The key difficulties and trends in the area of innovation in the agroindustrial complex of the country are also identified. As a result of this study, a conclusion is formulated concerning the effectiveness of the implementation of the innovative component in the production, organizational and other areas of enterprise activities along with some recommendations developed to strengthen the innovative development of enterprises in the sector in question.

Foreign experience of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.

The relevance of the topic of the article - the issues of innovative development of agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, which provides large-scale production, require detailed study. The goal - is to consider the positive aspects of the best practices of foreign countries regarding this problem and develop practical recommendations. Methods - generalization, quantitative and qualitative analysis, abstract logical. Results - in order to apply high technologies in agricultural sector, economically developed countries use subsidy systems, price support (USA), government assistance in obtaining income per hectare and payments for livestock (EU countries), income support through payments (Canada) and concessional lending (Brazil). In addition to financial assistance, agricultural producers in the USA, Canada and other countries are provided with information, legal, innovation, marketing, insurance and other types of support. Conclusions - innovative processes, expansion of the competitive environment in the AIC presuppose the effective use of scientific and technical potential, integration of science, education and production, technological modernization of the economy based on progressive methods. Innovation is reflected in the implementation of the strategic objectives of ensuring food security and effective regulation of the domestic food market in order to stimulate labor productivity in agriculture, increase export potential of agricultural sector. It is necessary to combine innovative activity in domestic agro-industrial production with international practice, which will increase production capacity of agrarian sector of the republic. The development trends of the world market convincingly show that there can be no other way in Kazakhstan than the formation of a new type of economy, widespread innovation.