scholarly journals Assessment of the applicability of methodological guidelines and guidelines for the quantitative determination of greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022054
Author(s):  
N Ulysheva ◽  
E Karanina ◽  
E Baldesku
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventory ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Perfect System ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Systematic Reduction

Abstract The article deals with the problem of climate change. The aim of the study is to analyze and improve methodological recommendations for calculating greenhouse gas emissions. The urgency of reducing the volume of greenhouse gas emissions has been substantiated. Statistical data of emissions volumes are analyzed, the reason for the growth of emissions and the main contributors are determined. The main gases that give the greenhouse effect are identified, and their brief characteristics are given. The need to improve the monitoring and reporting system of greenhouse gas emissions at the global level has been substantiated. The goal of a perfect system for accounting and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions is to timely obtain relevant data for the systematic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The methodological tools for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions, approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Russia, are analyzed from the point of view of their applicability by organizations. Measures for their improvement are proposed, based on the international experience of building guidelines for the IPCC greenhouse gas inventory. The results obtained may be of interest to energy companies when developing corporate guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions.

Analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from 10 biogas plants within the agricultural sector

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liebetrau ◽  
T. Reinelt ◽  
J. Clemens ◽  
C. Hafermann ◽  
J. Friehe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Generation Unit

With the increasing number of biogas plants in Germany the necessity for an exact determination of the actual effect on the greenhouse gas emissions related to the energy production gains importance. Hitherto the life cycle assessments have been based on estimations of emissions of biogas plants. The lack of actual emission evaluations has been addressed within a project from which the selected results are presented here. The data presented here have been obtained during a survey in which 10 biogas plants were analysed within two measurement periods each. As the major methane emission sources the open storage of digestates ranging from 0.22 to 11.2% of the methane utilized and the exhaust of the co-generation units ranging from 0.40 to 3.28% have been identified. Relevant ammonia emissions have been detected from the open digestate storage. The main source of nitrous oxide emissions was the co-generation unit. Regarding the potential of measures to reduce emissions it is highly recommended to focus on the digestate storage and the exhaust of the co-generation.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE SECURITY MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1040
Author(s):  
E.N. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
State Paternalism

In the 21st century, climate change is becoming a key constraint on the sustainable development of industries, regions, countries, and the world community as a whole. Climate risk management therefore requires increased financial support, both to compensate for the damage caused by hydrometeorological hazards and to implement policies to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to changes. The article examines the main sources of financing for climate security management in Russia and foreign countries. Their positive aspects and problems of practical use have been identified. Each financial instrument is considered from the point of view of regulatory influence on subjects of market economy and climate risks. It has been shown that a number of elements of fiscal policy used on an ongoing basis or as an experiment in Russia require refinement or replacement. Practical recommendations for improving the situation are proposed, including the use of innovative tools for our country (climate innovation bank, weather and temperature options, etc.). The author's recommendations are aimed at changing the vector of climate regulation from state paternalism to the application of entrepreneurial initiative by creating effective market incentives. The result will be not only a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity of the economy, but also an increase in profitability and competitiveness, the investment attractiveness of organizations, territorial entities, the country, as well as an increase in the employment and well-being of the population and national wealth of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Influence of Population Income on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Buildings of Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10230
Author(s):  
Irene M. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Fco. Javier Zarco-Soto ◽  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

More than half of the world’s population lives in cities. A large part of the emissions and energy consumption corresponds to buildings, both in the residential sector and in the service sector. This means that a large part of the measures taken by governments to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are focused on this sector. With this background, this paper studies energy consumption in city buildings and the CO2 emissions they produce. It only makes use of publicly available data. The analysis is made from the point of view of income per inhabitant, and the results are obtained per inhabitant and household. To facilitate the analysis of the results, an index has been defined. The main contributions of this work are to analyze energy consumption and emissions due to buildings, study them from the point of view of the income of their inhabitants, and consider cities individually. The proposed methodology has been applied to the case of Spain. A total of 145 Spanish cities that have more than 50,000 inhabitants have been studied. The results show that the higher the income, the higher the consumption and emissions. Electricity consumptions are almost inelastic, while those of thermal origin are greatly influenced by the level of income. Regarding CO2 emissions, the percentage of emissions of electrical origin with respect to total emissions is higher than that of thermal origin. In addition, the lower the income, the higher the percentage of emissions of electrical origin.

scholarly journals The Energy Mosaic Austria—A Nationwide Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory on Municipal Level as Action Field of Integrated Spatial and Energy Planning

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lore Abart-Heriszt ◽  
Susanna Erker ◽  
Gernot Stoeglehner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventory ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Municipal Level

While climate agreements are made on an international level, the measures for mitigating climate change must be executed on a local scale. Designing energy and climate related strategies on the level of municipalities has been hampered by the lack of comprehensive data on the current status of energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions on the local level. A novel approach based on the so-called spatial turn in energy and climate policies has now been established in the form of the Energy Mosaic Austria, which represents a comprehensive energy and greenhouse gas inventory for all Austrian municipalities considering different purposes of energy consumption and different energy sources. The inventory is based on the linkage of bottom-up and top-down operations, utilizing data on land use and mobility structures on the municipal level. The outcomes provide a detailed insight into the pattern of energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions that are resolved on the municipal level. A spatially differentiated analysis of the inventory yields dependencies of the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions on spatial structures particularly due to the fractions of different types of land use including mobility. With the energy mosaic Austria, local policy makers are given an inventory with unprecedented spatial and contentual resolution, which is fully coherent with more coarse-grained provincial and nationwide compilations of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and elucidates the scope of action in energy and climate policy from the municipal to the nationwide level.

scholarly journals TESTING OF OVERSULFATED CEMENT BASED ON NATURAL POUZZOLANE

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Dimbimalala Mavoniaina RATSARAHASINA ◽  
Hery Mikaela RATSIMBAZAFY ◽  
Jean de Dieu RAMAROSON
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
New Type

Currently, cement plants face a major environmental problem due to greenhouse gas emissions during the production of Portland clinker. In order to mitigate this negative impact on the environment, this study aims to partially or completely replace conventional cement with a new type of cement that has properties similar to conventional cements. To enhance local mineral resources, the use of natural pouzzolane is adopted. As this binder is obtained by a mixture of activated natural pouzzolane, gypsum, lime and a small amount of conventional cement, the work is to determine the optimal parameters to obtain the best result, and the value for money. The property of the natural pouzzolane needs to be improved by thermal activation to obtain better activity, a treatment of 2 hours at 500oC was carried out. Then several tests were carried out by varying the different parameters that can influence the characteristics of the cement developed. The best composition determined is 65% pouzzolane, 15% cement, and 5% gypsum. A comparative study was carried out to classify this new type of cement. From a mechanical performance point of view, this oversulphate cement is able in the medium term to compete with the conventional cements produced by the company HOLCIM, and even outperform it in the longer term. In addition, the cost of production and the selling price are lower than those of conventional cements. So the use of this cement in the field of civil engineering can be considered, it has potential and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Even if the results are sufficient, a thorough study is still needed to improve this type of cement. KEYWORDS: pouzzolane, clinker, oversulfated cement

scholarly journals Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from landfills: application to the Akrotiri landfill site (Chania, Greece)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Biogas Production Rate

Landfilling is one of the most common ways of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in developing countries. Air pollutants emitted from landfills contributes to the emission in the atmosphere of greenhouse gases and cause serious problems to the human health. Methane emission from landfill is serious environmental global concern as it accounts for approximately 15 percentages of current greenhouse gas emissions. The current study was focused on the determination of air emissions from the Akrotiri landfill site which is located at the Akrotiri area (Chania, Greece). The models used are the triangular model, the stoichiometric model and LandGEM model. These models are used to estimate the total landfill gas production from a given amount of waste. The models differ on their scientific approach for the quantification on emissions, their complexity and input data requirements. The LandGEM model was selected for the determination of more representative assessed landfill gas emission rates. The maximum biogas production rate by the LandGEM model was calculated to be 1.64× 103 Mg yr-1 and was observed during the year 2008 for the A phase of the landfill, while for the B phase the maximum biogas production rate was 2.70 × 103 Mg yr-1 and was observed during 2014.

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