scholarly journals TESTING OF OVERSULFATED CEMENT BASED ON NATURAL POUZZOLANE

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Dimbimalala Mavoniaina RATSARAHASINA ◽  
Hery Mikaela RATSIMBAZAFY ◽  
Jean de Dieu RAMAROSON
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
New Type

Currently, cement plants face a major environmental problem due to greenhouse gas emissions during the production of Portland clinker. In order to mitigate this negative impact on the environment, this study aims to partially or completely replace conventional cement with a new type of cement that has properties similar to conventional cements. To enhance local mineral resources, the use of natural pouzzolane is adopted. As this binder is obtained by a mixture of activated natural pouzzolane, gypsum, lime and a small amount of conventional cement, the work is to determine the optimal parameters to obtain the best result, and the value for money. The property of the natural pouzzolane needs to be improved by thermal activation to obtain better activity, a treatment of 2 hours at 500oC was carried out. Then several tests were carried out by varying the different parameters that can influence the characteristics of the cement developed. The best composition determined is 65% pouzzolane, 15% cement, and 5% gypsum. A comparative study was carried out to classify this new type of cement. From a mechanical performance point of view, this oversulphate cement is able in the medium term to compete with the conventional cements produced by the company HOLCIM, and even outperform it in the longer term. In addition, the cost of production and the selling price are lower than those of conventional cements. So the use of this cement in the field of civil engineering can be considered, it has potential and contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Even if the results are sufficient, a thorough study is still needed to improve this type of cement. KEYWORDS: pouzzolane, clinker, oversulfated cement

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CARBON FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Radik Safin ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Valeriya Kolesar
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Republic

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture. One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets. The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

scholarly journals Evaluation of vehicle lightweighting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with focus on magnesium substitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Kulkarni ◽  
David John Edwards ◽  
Erika Anneli Parn ◽  
Craig Chapman ◽  
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Vehicle weight reduction represents a viable means of meeting tougher regulatory requirements designed to reduce fuel consumption and control greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to present an empirical and comparative analysis of lightweight magnesium materials used to replace conventional steel in passenger vehicles with internal combustion engines. The very low density of magnesium makes it a viable material for lightweighting given that it is lighter than aluminium by one-third and steel by three-fourth. Design/methodology/approach A structural evaluation case study of the “open access” Wikispeed car was undertaken. This included an assessment of material design characteristics such as bending stiffness, torsional stiffness and crashworthiness to evaluate whether magnesium provides a better alternative to the current usage of aluminium in the automotive industry. Findings The Wikispeed car had an issue with the rocker beam width/thickness (b/t) ratio, indicating failure in yield instead of buckling. By changing the specified material, Aluminium Alloy 6061-T651 to Magnesium EN-MB10020, it was revealed that vehicle mass could be reduced by an estimated 110 kg, in turn improving the fuel economy by 10 per cent. This, however, would require mechanical performance compromise unless the current design is modified. Originality/value This is the first time that a comparative analysis of material substitution has been made on the Wikispeed car. The results of such work will assist in the lowering of harmful greenhouse gas emissions and simultaneously augment fuel economy.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE SECURITY MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1040
Author(s):  
E.N. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
State Paternalism

In the 21st century, climate change is becoming a key constraint on the sustainable development of industries, regions, countries, and the world community as a whole. Climate risk management therefore requires increased financial support, both to compensate for the damage caused by hydrometeorological hazards and to implement policies to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to changes. The article examines the main sources of financing for climate security management in Russia and foreign countries. Their positive aspects and problems of practical use have been identified. Each financial instrument is considered from the point of view of regulatory influence on subjects of market economy and climate risks. It has been shown that a number of elements of fiscal policy used on an ongoing basis or as an experiment in Russia require refinement or replacement. Practical recommendations for improving the situation are proposed, including the use of innovative tools for our country (climate innovation bank, weather and temperature options, etc.). The author's recommendations are aimed at changing the vector of climate regulation from state paternalism to the application of entrepreneurial initiative by creating effective market incentives. The result will be not only a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity of the economy, but also an increase in profitability and competitiveness, the investment attractiveness of organizations, territorial entities, the country, as well as an increase in the employment and well-being of the population and national wealth of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Influence of Population Income on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Buildings of Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10230
Author(s):  
Irene M. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Fco. Javier Zarco-Soto ◽  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Thermal Origin ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

More than half of the world’s population lives in cities. A large part of the emissions and energy consumption corresponds to buildings, both in the residential sector and in the service sector. This means that a large part of the measures taken by governments to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are focused on this sector. With this background, this paper studies energy consumption in city buildings and the CO2 emissions they produce. It only makes use of publicly available data. The analysis is made from the point of view of income per inhabitant, and the results are obtained per inhabitant and household. To facilitate the analysis of the results, an index has been defined. The main contributions of this work are to analyze energy consumption and emissions due to buildings, study them from the point of view of the income of their inhabitants, and consider cities individually. The proposed methodology has been applied to the case of Spain. A total of 145 Spanish cities that have more than 50,000 inhabitants have been studied. The results show that the higher the income, the higher the consumption and emissions. Electricity consumptions are almost inelastic, while those of thermal origin are greatly influenced by the level of income. Regarding CO2 emissions, the percentage of emissions of electrical origin with respect to total emissions is higher than that of thermal origin. In addition, the lower the income, the higher the percentage of emissions of electrical origin.

scholarly journals Refrigerated Transport: State of the Art, Technical Issues, Innovations and Challenges for Sustainability

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7237
Author(s):  
Angelo Maiorino ◽  
Fabio Petruzziello ◽  
Ciro Aprea
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Refrigerated Transport

The cold chain is responsible for perishable products preservation and transportation, maintaining a proper temperature to slow biological decay processes. Often the efficiency of the cold chain is less than ideal, significantly increasing food waste and energy consumption. Refrigerated transport is a critical phase of the cold chain because of its negative impact on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that around 15% of global fossil fuel energy is used in the refrigerated transport sector, so there has been a growing interest in the last decades in the optimization of these systems in order to reduce their environmental impact. Vapor compression refrigeration units, usually powered by means of a diesel engine, are the most commonly used systems in road refrigerated transport. This paper provides a review of (a) currently used systems and alternative technologies that could reduce the environmental impacts of road refrigerated transport and (b) optimization models and methods used to minimize fuel/energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, focusing both on reducing the thermal loads and solving the refrigerated vehicle routing problem.

scholarly journals A CARBON FOOTPRINT FROM WOOD PELLET

2018 ◽  
pp. 081
Author(s):  
Milica Jović ◽  
Mirjana Laković ◽  
Marjan Jovčevski
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Impact

Daily emissions of greenhouse gasses have a negative impact on the quality of the atmosphere. In almost every sector there is a certain emission of these gasses. This means that every sector, whether it is the energy, industry, transport sector or the household has a part in the degradation of the environment. In this connection, many models have been developed, whose task is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide as well to improve the environmental quality. This paper will discuss the carbon footprint model. A carbon footprint is the set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by something. It can be calculated for a product, service, person or even a country, and is used to understand the impact of human activity on the earth’s climate. Also, an analysis of carbon footprint using different types of fuel for heating households will be presented.

AGRICULTURE IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHALLENGES – THE PROBLEM OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Hanna Pondel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Local Conditions

Changes in seasonal weather cycles, a growing number of extreme phenomena, an upward trend in temperature and changes in the distribution of rainfall, significantly affect the functioning and effectiveness of agriculture. However, agriculture plays a major role in the emergence and intensification of these phenomena. The aim of the article is to present, analyse and evaluate the relations between agriculture and climate, with particular emphasis on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture in these relations. A cause-and-effect analysis was conducted based on literature studies, using the descriptive statistics method and analysis of the development trend. The basis for analysis were data on GHG emissions in the European Union (EU-28). The contribution of agriculture to the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions, albeit slightly but still increasing in recent years. The level of this emission is determined primarily by the type of agricultural activity conducted – animal production is definitely responsible for higher emissions than plant production. It is difficult to present a universal model of agricultural adaptation to climate change and a set of actions limiting the negative impact of agricultural production on climate. This is hindered by both the specificity of the agricultural sector and the large diversity of local conditions and applied farming practices. The opportunity to increase the effectiveness of actions taken may be a better connection between the implementation of objectives including the reduction of the causes and negative consequences of climate change and the objectives of sustainable agricultural development.

scholarly journals THE USE OF BIOFERTILIZERS INCREASED PLANT GROWTH WITH NO TRADE-OFF EFFECT ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi ◽  
Udiantoro . ◽  
Hasrul Satria Nur ◽  
Muhlis ,
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Bacillus Brevis ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

<p>Several experiments have been carried out to elucidate the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions as effect of replacement of chemical fertilizer by biofertilizers on alluvial soils in Indonesia.  Biofertilizers “Biotara” and “Biosure” were applied along with NPK fertilizer on alluvial soil cultivated with rice.  Emissions of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) were monitored in biweekly basis up to the maximum vegetative growth of the rice plant. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OP EFB) as well as grasses were composted with <em>Bacillus brevis</em> and <em>Bacillus megaterium </em>as activator. The composts were incorporated into alluvial soils cultivated to oil palm and the emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> were monitored in biweekly basis. The results showed that biofertilizer “Biotara” or “Biosure” combined with NPK fertilizer (¾ recommendation dose) could increase paddy growth with no significant effect on N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.  The emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O,  CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> exhibited seasonal changes as affected by inclusion of either OP EFB and weed compost along with NPK fertilizer.  Global warming potentials of each treatment for NPK, OP EFB compost and weed compost were 5.6, -5.2 and -4.9 ton CO<sub>2</sub>equ m<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. It could be concluded that the replacements of synthetic fertilizer with biofertilizer or compost did not have negative impact on the environment which could be promoted.</p>

scholarly journals Microbiological Nitrogen Transformations in Soil Treated with Pesticides and Their Impact on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Stefania Jezierska-Tys ◽  
Jolanta Joniec ◽  
Joanna Bednarz ◽  
Edyta Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

Research was conducted in connection with the pressure exerted by man on the environment through the use of pesticides. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of pesticides on soil and to evaluate the effect of these changes on greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The research was carried out on soil sown with oilseed rape. The activity of protease and urease, ammonification, nitrification in soil, as well as CO2 (carbon dioxide) and N2O (nitrous oxide) gas emissions from soil were assessed. The analyses were carried out directly after harvest and 2 months after. Pesticides most frequently negatively affected the tested parameters, in particular enzymatic activities. Of the two herbicides used, Roundup had a stronger negative impact on microbial activity. The application of pesticides, especially the fungicide, resulted in an increase in gas emissions to the atmosphere over time. Pesticides disturbed soil environmental balance, probably interfering with qualitative and quantitative relationships of soil microorganism populations and their metabolic processes. This led to the accumulation of microbial activity products in the form of, among others, gases which contribute to the greenhouse effect by escaping from the soil into the atmosphere.

scholarly journals GLOBAL WARMING – PHYSICS AND GEOPOLITICS (Review). 4. Climate service in energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
B.I. Basok ◽  
Ye.T. Baseyev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Climate Service

Introduction. Reducing the negative impact of global warming on the economy and adapting to its devastating effects remains an important global challenge. Its solution is actively taken care of by politicians, the world's leading scientific organizations and the expert community. Problems. Economic, innovative and social approaches and measures to reduce and / or neutralize climate change, as well as adaptation to warming are considered. A new direction has been formed - climate service of world energy. Goal. Assess the state of the problem, present measures and tools for their implementation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and / or adapt to their negative impact, in particular, in the field of energy using the GFCS approaches. Materials and methods. Authoritative recent literature sources with analysis of approaches, measures and tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been used. Results. The experience on development and use of innovative technologies of climatic service in power on the basis of GFCS is resulted. Conclusions. Undoubtedly, the physics and geopolitics of global warming have become one of the most pressing transdisciplinary problems in the realities of the modern world. It is necessary to develop and deepen the scientific basis for the adaptation of life and economy to possible climate change and its consequences. It is important to change the behavior of society in an adequate attitude to the comfortable living conditions, in particular to its energy supply, and in general to a careful attitude to world resources, for example, on the basis of consistent implementation of the principles of sustainable development

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