Simultaneous degumming and deacidification of crude palm oil using mixed matrix PVDF membrane

Abstract The research work aimed to investigate the compatibility of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane embedded with various inorganic adsorbents for producing a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) and to examine the capability of mixed matrix PVDF membrane (PVDF-MMM) for simultaneous degumming and deacidification of crude palm oil (CPO). Four different adsorbent were tested which includes calcium silicate (CaS), magnesium silicate (MagS), ZSM-zeolite (ZSM) and activated carbon (AC). The in-house made PVDF-MMM was fabricated according to the dry-jet wet spinning method. The performances of these PVDF-MMMs were assessed with respect to the removals of phosphorus, FFA and colour. Based on finding showed that the combination of 18PVDF embedded with 3 wt% MagS showed the most compatible polymer-inorganic hybrid MMM to perform pre-treatment of CPO. Increasing the MagS concentration from 3 to 8 wt% in the polymer matrix recorded the highest removals of FFA at 16.51 %, phospholipid at 93.31 % and colour at 18.8 %, respectively. Nevertheless, high amount of MagS added to the polymer matrix affected the spinnability and reproducibility performance of MMM. Future work, surface modifications of inorganic adsorbent can be evaluated to facilitate good dispersion of filler in polymer matrix during membrane fabrication to maintain good membrane reproducibility.

Download Full-text

In situ synthesis of polymer grafted ZIFs and application in mixed matrix membrane for CO2 separation

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c7ta10322k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 3151-3161 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Yongqiang Gao ◽

Zhihua Qiao ◽

Song Zhao ◽

Zhi Wang ◽

Jixiao Wang

Keyword(s):

Polymer Matrix ◽

In Situ Synthesis ◽

Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽

Co2 Separation ◽

Separation Performance ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Interfacial Compatibility ◽

Gas Separation Performance ◽

Functionalized Surface

PEI-g-ZIF-8 presents appropriate porous structure, amino functionalized surface and improved interfacial compatibility with the polymer matrix to endow the MMMs with excellent gas separation performance.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Properties, Gas Permeability, and Selectivity of Mixed Matrix Membrane Based on Polysulfone Polymer Matrix Incorporated with KIT-6 Silica

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11111732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1732 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sie Hao Ding ◽

Tiffany Yit Siew Ng ◽

Thiam Leng Chew ◽

Pei Ching Oh ◽

Abdul Latif Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Gas Permeability ◽

Gas Permeation ◽

Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽

Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The Ideal

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) separation is a promising technology for gas permeation and separation involving carbon dioxide (CO2). However, finding a suitable type of filler for the formation of defect-free MMMs with enhancement in gas permeability remains a challenge. Current study focuses on synthesis of KIT-6 silica and followed by the incorporation of KIT-6 silica as filler into polysulfone (PSF) polymer matrix to fabricate MMMs, with filler loadings of 0–8 wt %. The effect of KIT-6 incorporation on the properties of the fabricated MMMs was evaluated via different characterization techniques. The MMMs were investigated for gas permeability and selectivity with pressure difference of 5 bar at 25 °C. KIT-6 with typical rock-like morphology was synthesized. Incorporation of 2 wt % of KIT-6 into PSF matrix produced MMMs with no void. When KIT-6 loadings in the MMMs were increased from 0 to 2 wt %, the CO2 permeability increased by ~48%, whereas the ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity remained almost constant. However, when the KIT-6 loading in PSF polymer matrix was more than 2 wt %, the formation of voids in the MMMs increased the CO2 permeability but sacrificed the ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity. In current study, KIT-6 was found to be potential filler for PSF matrix under controlled KIT-6 loading for gas permeation.

Download Full-text

Carbon Nanotubes Based Mixed Matrix Membrane for Gas Separation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.364.272 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 364 ◽

pp. 272-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.M. Sanip ◽

A.F. Ismail ◽

P.S. Goh ◽

M.N.A. Norrdin ◽

T. Soga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Gas Separation ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Current Trend ◽

Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽

Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽

Separation Performance ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Polyimide Membrane

Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) combine useful molecular sieving properties of inorganic fillers with the desirable mechanical and processing properties of polymers. The current trend in polymeric membranes is the incorporation of filler-like nanoparticles to improve the separation performance. Most MMM have shown higher gas permeabilities and improved gas selectivities compared to the corresponding pure polymer membranes. Carbon nanotubes based mixed matrix membrane was prepared by the solution casting method in which the functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWNTs) were embedded into the polyimide membrane and the resulting membranes were characterized. The effect of nominal MWNTs content between 0.5 and 1.0 wt% on the gas separation properties were looked into. The as-prepared membranes were characterized for their morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The morphologies of the MMM also indicated that at 0.7 % loading of f-MWNTs, the structures of the MMM showed uniform finger-like structures which have facilitated the fast gas transport through the polymer matrix. It may also be concluded that addition of open ended and shortened MWNTs to the polymer matrix can improve its permeability by increasing diffusivity through the MWNTs smooth cavity.

Download Full-text

Effects of Montmorillonite (MMT) Inorganic Fillers on Polyvinylidene (PVDF) Mixed Matrix Membrane

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.696 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. 696-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Oh Pei Ching ◽

Mason Wong Bak Lung

Keyword(s):

Phase Inversion ◽

Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽

Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Pvdf Membrane ◽

Dimethyl Acetamide ◽

Wet Phase Inversion ◽

Phase Inversion Method ◽

Separation Performances

Asymmetric nanoclay-polyvinylidene (PVDF) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by the reaction of various amount of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay mineral with PVDF. The MMMs were fabricated via dry-wet phase inversion method withN,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMAc) as the solvent and ethanol as the coagulant. The fabricated MMMs were characterized by means of fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The separation performances of the prepared membranes were evaluated by pure gases (CO2and CH4). From the FTIR spectrum, MMMs exhibited new peaks compared to pristine PVDF membrane, indicating assimilation of MMT into the PVDF membrane. The morphology of the membranes depends on the clay mineral loading as confirmed by SEM. PVDF/3wt% MMT MMM showed the highest CO2permeance and CO2/CH4selectivity relative to neat PVDF membrane.

Download Full-text

Comparative Study on Two-Step Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Production from High FFA Crude Palm Oil Using Microwave Technique and Conventional Technique

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.87 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 917 ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suliana Abu Bakar ◽

Suzana Yusup ◽

Murni Melati Ahmad ◽

Armando T. Quitain ◽

Mitsuru Sasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Microwave Method ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Microwave Technique ◽

Pre Treatment

The production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using microwave technique is investigated and has been compared with conventional heating. Two-step biodiesel production process is applied to maximize the highest biodiesel yield in short reaction time using microwave method. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as acid catalysts is used in pre-treatment of feedstock by esterification process followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) as base catalyst for transesterification process with low methanol to oil ratio. The main purpose of the pre-treatment process is to reduce the free fatty acids (FFA) content of CPO from higher value of FFA content (>6.8%) to a minimum level for biodiesel production (<1%). Esterification and transesterification is carried out in fully instrumented and controlled microwave reactor system to get higher yield in shorter time. This two-step esterification and transesterification process showed that the maximum conversion of palm biodiesel obtained is 95.1% with the process conditions of methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature 65oC, reaction time 15min, and 2% (wt/wt) KOH amount using microwave method compared to conventional heating where the palm oil methyl ester (POME) yield obtained is 81% at the same conditions. The result showed that, the biodiesel production using microwave technique proved to be a fast and easy route to get high yields of biodiesel.

Download Full-text

Deacidification of crude palm oil using PVA-crosslinked PVDF membrane

Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.06.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 166 ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R.A. Azmi ◽

P.S. Goh ◽

A.F. Ismail ◽

W.J. Lau ◽

B.C. Ng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Pvdf Membrane

Download Full-text

Polymer-Nanoclay Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation: A Review

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.690 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. 690-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asif Jamil ◽

Oh Pei Ching ◽

Azmi Mohd Shariff

Keyword(s):

Clay Minerals ◽

Gas Separation ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽

Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Silicate Structure ◽

Inorganic Fillers

Mixed matrix membrane (MMM) has shown significant progress towards gas separation. Rigid polymers are suitable materials for MMM fabrication but adhesion problems with filler need to be addressed. A variety of inorganic fillers have been studied for CO2 separation but clay minerals were not considered much in this class. The layered silicate structure of nanoclay such as montmorillonite provides excellent opportunity to manipulate its properties, leading towards better dispersion and adhesion towards the polymer matrix. This paper reviews the potential of polymer-nanoclay MMM for CO2/CH4 separation.

Download Full-text