Lung Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy

Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in treating damaged tissues, growing and developing body tissues. Nowadays, the injection of stem cells has been considered for therapeutic purposes. Some substances which can be effective in the success rate of treatment are injected with the stem cells in the stem cell therapy. Anesthetics are a group of them. Local anesthetics toxicity on tissues such as nerve, cartilage, muscle and tendon are well described in many studies. Studies show local anesthesia can be toxic for stem cells too, and induce MSCs apoptosis and necrosis As a result, repairing of tissue by stem cells can be in trouble in damaged tissue which exposure to LAs. According to this, it is important to find the appropriate LA which has the least toxic effect on stem cells. In this study, we have considered the effects of LA such as lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine and mepivacaine on MSCs. Literature review: Local anesthetics toxicity has been described on chondrocytes by several studies. In this study, we have tried to find the effects of these drugs on mesenchymal stem cells. We have arranged local anesthetics for toxic effects to MSCs from high to low. According to this arrangement bupivacaine is the first drug, after that there are mepivacaine, lidocaine and ropivacaine, respectively. This sequence can be true for increasing the cellular metabolism, adhesive cells adhesion and also cellular appendages. Conclusion: The studies have indicated that MSCs is more sensitive to local anesthetics in comparison with chondrocytes. In addition to type of LAs, exposure time and drug dose play an important role in damaging to the MSCs. In other word, LAs effects are dose-dependent and time-dependent. however, The studies consider lesser neurotoxicity and longer local anesthesia effect for bupivacaine in comparison with other LAs such as lidocaine but it is recommended to use drugs which are safer (such as ropivacaine) in procedures including stem cell therapy, prolonged anesthesia and tissues are repairing. Because bupivacaine has high toxicity effect on mesenchymal stem cells.

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Research Trends in the Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy for Hepatic Diseases Based on MicroRNA Profiling

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Minyeoung Kweon ◽

Jae Yeon Kim ◽

Ji Hye Jun ◽

Gi Jin Kim

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Hepatic Diseases ◽

Stem Cell Treatment

Liver diseases, despite the organ’s high regenerative capacity, are caused by several environmental factors and persistent injuries. Their optimal treatment is a liver transplantation. However, this option is limited by donor shortages and immune response issues. Therefore, many researchers have been interested in identifying the therapeutic potential in treating irreversible liver damage based on stem cells and developing suitable therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are representative multipotent stem cells, are known to be highly potential stem cell therapy compared to other stem cells in the clinical trial worldwide. MSCs have therapeutic potentials for several hepatic diseases such as anti-fibrosis, proliferation of hepatocytes injured, anti-inflammation, autophagic mechanism, and inactivation of hepatic stellate cells. There are much data regarding clinical treatments, however, the data for examining the efficacy of stem cell treatment and the correlation between the stem cell engraftment and the efficacy in liver diseases is limited due to the lack of monitoring system for treatment effectiveness. Therefore, this paper introduces the characteristics of microRNAs (miRNAs) and liver disease-specific miRNA profiles, and the possibility of a biomarker that miRNA can monitor stem cell treatment efficacy by comparing miRNAs changed in liver diseases following stem cell treatment. Additionally, we also discuss the miRNA profiling in liver diseases when treated with stem cell therapy and suggest the candidate miRNAs that can be used as a biomarker that can monitor treatment efficacy in liver diseases based on MSCs therapy.

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Successful Stem Cell Therapy Using Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Multipotent Stem Cells for Buerger's Disease and Ischemic Limb Disease Animal Model

Stem Cells ◽

10.1634/stemcells.2005-0365 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1620-1626 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

Sung-Whan Kim ◽

Hoon Han ◽

Gue-Tae Chae ◽

Sung-Hoon Lee ◽

Sun Bo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Animal Model ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Ischemic Limb

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Mesenchymal stem cells: Stem cell therapy perspectives for type 1 diabetes

Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.diabet.2008.10.003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 85-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

L. Vija ◽

D. Farge ◽

J.-F. Gautier ◽

P. Vexiau ◽

C. Dumitrache ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy

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The promises of stem cells: stem cell therapy for movement disorders

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/s1353-8020(13)70031-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. S128-S131 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hideki Mochizuki ◽

Chi-Jing Choong ◽

Toru Yasuda

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Movement Disorders

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Optimizing Stem Cell Therapy after Ischemic Brain Injury

Journal of Stroke ◽

10.5853/jos.2019.03048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 286-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuai Zhang ◽

Brittany Bolduc Lachance ◽

Bilal Moiz ◽

Xiaofeng Jia

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Ischemic Brain Injury ◽

Ischemic Brain ◽

Injury Treatment

Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.

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Stem cells in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. Part I

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2011-2-122-128 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. S. Zhukova ◽

I. I. Staroverov

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Myocardial Damage ◽

Cellular Cardiomyoplasty ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Death Causes

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading death causes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The modern methods of reperfusion MI therapy, such as thrombolysis, surgery and balloon revascularization, even when performed early, could fail to prevent the development of large myocardial damage zones, followed by HF. Therefore, the researches have been searching for the methods which improve functional status of damaged myocardium. This review is focused on stem cell therapy, a method aimed at cardiac function restoration. The results of experimental and clinical studies on stem cell therapy in coronary heart disease are presented. Various types of stem cells, used for cellular cardiomyoplasty, are characterised. The methods of cell transplantation into myocardium and potential adverse effects of stem cell therapy are discussed.

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Intestinal myofibroblasts: targets for stem cell therapy

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00474.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 300 (5) ◽

pp. G684-G696 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

R. C. Mifflin ◽

I. V. Pinchuk ◽

J. I. Saada ◽

D. W. Powell

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Mesenchymal Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Intestinal Lamina Propria

The subepithelial intestinal myofibroblast is an important cell orchestrating many diverse functions in the intestine and is involved in growth and repair, tumorigenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The myofibroblast is but one of several α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA+) mesenchymal cells present within the intestinal lamina propria, including vascular pericytes, bone marrow-derived stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells or hematopoietic stem cells), muscularis mucosae, and the lymphatic pericytes (colon) and organized smooth muscle (small intestine) associated with the lymphatic lacteals. These other mesenchymal cells perform many of the functions previously attributed to subepithelial myofibroblasts. This review discusses the definition of a myofibroblast and reconsiders whether the α-SMA+ subepithelial cells in the intestine are myofibroblasts or other types of mesenchymal cells, i.e., pericytes. Current information about specific, or not so specific, molecular markers of lamina propria mesenchymal cells is reviewed, as well as the origins of intestinal myofibroblasts and pericytes in the intestinal lamina propria and their replenishment after injury. Current concepts and research on stem cell therapy for intestinal inflammation are summarized. Information about the stem cell origin of intestinal stromal cells may inform future stem cell therapies to treat human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Disorders - A broad Overview

Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-385x-3(6)-089 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fariha Khaliq

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Different Types ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell therapy is an approach to use cells that have the ability of self-renewal and to differentiate into different types of functional cells that are obtained from embryo and other postnatal sources to treat multiple disorders. These cells can be differentiated into different types of stem cells based on their specific characteristics to be totipotent, unipotent, multipotent or pluripotent. As potential therapy, pluripotent stem cells are considered to be the most interesting as they can be differentiated into different type of cells with similar characteristics as embryonic stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are adult cells that are reprogrammed genetically into stem cells from human fibroblasts through expressing genes and transcription factors at different time intervals. In this review, we will discuss the applications of stem cell therapy using iPSCs technology in treating neurodegenerative disorder such that Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We have also broadly highlighted the significance of pluripotent stem cells in stem cell therapy.

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Abstract TP401: Inflated Expectations about Stem Cell Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.atp401 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jinho Lee ◽

Kyu-Yong Lee ◽

Young-Seo Kim ◽

Hyun Young Kim ◽

Hyuk Sung Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Media Channels ◽

Source Of Information

Introduction: Stem cell therapy (SCT) has been proposed for the treatment of neurological disorders. Although there isinsufficient clinical evidence to support its efficacy, unproven SCTs are being performed worldwide. Hypothesis: In this study, we investigated the perspectives and expectations of chronic ischemic stroke patients and physicians about SCTs. Methods: A total of 250 chronic ischemic stroke patients were interviewed at 4 hospitals. Structured open and closed questions about SCT for chronic stroke were asked by trained interviewers using the conventional in-person method. In addition, 250 stroke-related physicians were randomly interviewed via an e-mail questionnaire. Results: Of the 250 patients (mean 63 years, 70% male), 121 (46%) responded that they wanted to receive SCT in spite of its unknown side effects. Around 60% of the patients anticipated physical, emotional, and psychological improvement after SCT, and 158 (63%) believed that SCT might prevent strokes. However, physicians had much lower expectations about the effectiveness of SCTs, which was not in line with patient expectations. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.10-3.64), longer disease duration (OR: 1.01, 95% CI:1.00-1.02), higher modified Rankin Scale score (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.60), and familiarity with stem cells (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.10-3.15) were independently associated with wanting SCT. The major source of information about SCT was television (68%), and the most reliable source was physicians (49%). Conclusion: Patients have unfounded expectations that SCT will improve their functioning. Considering our finding that the major source of information on stem cells is media channels but not the physician, to decrease patients’ inappropriate exposure, doctors should make more effort to educate patients using mass media with accurate information.

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