scholarly journals Optimizing Stem Cell Therapy after Ischemic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Brittany Bolduc Lachance ◽  
Bilal Moiz ◽  
Xiaofeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Injury Treatment

Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.

scholarly journals Narrative review of stem cell therapy for ischemic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-445
Author(s):  
Xiao-Li Ji ◽  
Ling Ma ◽  
Wen-Hao Zhou ◽  
Man Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain

scholarly journals The Implementation of Preconditioned Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells to Combat Ischemic Stroke. Comment on Othman, F.A.; Tan, S.C. Preconditioning Strategies to Enhance Neural Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 893.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Sareh Pandamooz ◽  
Benjamin Jurek ◽  
Mohammad Saied Salehi ◽  
Mandana Mostaghel ◽  
Jaleel A. Miyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Brain Sciences

In the recent review published in Brain Sciences, Othman and Tan suggested several preconditioning strategies to improve stem cell therapy after ischemic brain injury [...]

scholarly journals Regenerative Cardiovascular Therapies: Stem Cells and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Wernly ◽  
Moritz Mirna ◽  
Richard Rezar ◽  
Christine Prodinger ◽  
Christian Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Processing

Although reperfusion therapy has improved outcomes, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still associated with both significant mortality and morbidity. Once irreversible myocardial cell death due to ischemia and reperfusion sets in, scarring leads to reduction in left ventricular function and subsequent heart failure. Regenerative cardiovascular medicine experienced a boost in the early 2000s when regenerative effects of bone marrow stem cells in a murine model of AMI were described. Translation from an animal model to stem cell application in a clinical setting was rapid and the first large trials in humans suffering from AMI were conducted. However, high initial hopes were early shattered by inconsistent results of randomized clinical trials in patients suffering from AMI treated with stem cells. Hence, we provide an overview of both basic science and clinical trials carried out in regenerative cardiovascular therapies. Possible pitfalls in specific cell processing techniques and trial design are discussed as these factors influence both basic science and clinical outcomes. We address possible solutions. Alternative mechanisms and explanations for effects seen in both basic science and some clinical trials are discussed here, with special emphasis on paracrine mechanisms via growth factors, exosomes, and microRNAs. Based on these findings, we propose an outlook in which stem cell therapy, or therapeutic effects associated with stem cell therapy, such as paracrine mechanisms, might play an important role in the future. Optimizing stem cell processing and a better understanding of paracrine signaling as well as its effect on cardioprotection and remodeling after AMI might improve not only AMI research, but also our patients’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Surfing the clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Razeghian-Jahromi ◽  
Anthony G. Matta ◽  
Ronan Canitrot ◽  
Mohammad Javad Zibaeenezhad ◽  
Mahboobeh Razmkhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Reverse Remodeling ◽  
Paracrine Factors

AbstractWhile existing remedies failed to fully address the consequences of heart failure, stem cell therapy has been introduced as a promising approach. The present review is a comprehensive appraisal of the impacts of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical trials mainly conducted on ischemic cardiomyopathy. The benefits of MSC therapy for dysfunctional myocardium are likely attributed to numerous secreted paracrine factors and immunomodulatory effects. The positive outcomes associated with MSC therapy are scar size reduction, reverse remodeling, and angiogenesis. Also, a decreasing in the level of chronic inflammatory markers of heart failure progression like TNF-α is observed. The intense inflammatory reaction in the injured myocardial micro-environment predicts a poor response of scar tissue to MSC therapy. Subsequently, the interval delay between myocardial injury and MSC therapy is not yet determined. The optimal requested dose of cells ranges between 100 to 150 million cells. Allogenic MSCs have different advantages compared to autogenic cells and intra-myocardial injection is the preferred delivery route. The safety and efficacy of MSCs-based therapy have been confirmed in numerous studies, however several undefined parameters like route of administration, optimal timing, source of stem cells, and necessary dose are limiting the routine use of MSCs therapeutic approach in clinical practice. Lastly, pre-conditioning of MSCs and using of exosomes mediated MSCs or genetically modified MSCs may improve the overall therapeutic effect. Future prospective studies establishing a constant procedure for MSCs transplantation are required in order to apply MSC therapy in our daily clinical practice and subsequently improving the overall prognosis of ischemic heart failure patients.

scholarly journals Điều trị chấn thương sọ não cấp tính bằng ghép tế bào gốc tự thân tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Thăng Nguyễn
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

TREATING ACUTE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY BY USING AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW DERIVED STEM CELLS AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL The number of acute traumatic injuries caused by accidents has been increasing in recent years, leading to death or serious complications in cognitive behavior or social function. Few pre-clinical studies around the world have shown the ablity of stem cells in neuroprotection. Therefore, we apply autologous stem cells transplants in two acute traumatic brain injury patients to evaluate the effectiveness of stem cell therapy. Method: Three male patients aged 23 and 49 years with a postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale of 6 and 8 were treated with autologous mononuclear cells delivered intravenously within 2-3 hours after bone marrow harvesting, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and expanded in culture before the system administrating through vein after 7-10 days. To determine the safety of the procedure, systemic and cerebral hemodynamics were monitored during bone marrow harvest; infusion-related toxicity was determined by hepatic enzymes, and renal function. Result and conclusion: There were no significant changes in liver, kidney and hematological criteria. BI and Glasgow indexes increased significantly compared to the control group. There was no abnormal complication within 4-6 weeks after cell transplantation. Autologous stem cell therapy is safe and effective for patients with acute brain injury. Keywords: Stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cell; Bone marrow; Acute traumatic brain injury

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Human Stem Cell Implantation in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10151
Author(s):  
Hau Jun Chan ◽  
Yanshree ◽  
Jaydeep Roy ◽  
George Lim Tipoe ◽  
Man-Lung Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Preclinical Studies

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive debilitating neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia in the older population. At present, there is no definitive effective treatment for AD. Therefore, researchers are now looking at stem cell therapy as a possible treatment for AD, but whether stem cells are safe and effective in humans is still not clear. In this narrative review, we discuss both preclinical studies and clinical trials on the therapeutic potential of human stem cells in AD. Preclinical studies have successfully differentiated stem cells into neurons in vitro, indicating the potential viability of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have also shown that stem cell therapy is safe and effective in improving cognitive performance in animal models, as demonstrated in the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test. Although few clinical trials have been completed and many trials are still in phase I and II, the initial results confirm the outcomes of the preclinical studies. However, limitations like rejection, tumorigenicity, and ethical issues are still barriers to the advancement of stem cell therapy. In conclusion, the use of stem cells in the treatment of AD shows promise in terms of effectiveness and safety.

The Development of Stem Cell-Based Treatment for Acute Ischemic Cerebral Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-521
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Bai ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Tiantian Zhu ◽  
Yuanyuan He ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Neuroprotective Function ◽  
Effective Treatments

Acute ischemic brain injury is a serious disease that severely endangers the life safety of patients. Such disease is hard to predict and highly lethal with very limited effective treatments currently. Although currently, there exist treatments like drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, rehabilitation therapy and other treatments in clinical practice, these are not significantly effective for patients when the situation is severe. Thus scientists must explore more effective treatments. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a strong potential of self-renewal and differentiate into various types of tissues and organs. Their emergence has brought new hopes for overcoming difficult diseases, further improving medical technology and promoting the development of modern medicine. Some combining therapies and genetically modified stem cell therapy have also been proven to produce obvious neuroprotective function for acute ischemic brain injury. This review is an introduction to the current research findings and discusses the definition, origin and classification of stem cells, as well as the future prospects of the stem cell-based treatment for acute ischemic cerebral injury.

scholarly journals Stem cells therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a new era?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Carbone ◽  
A. Monselise ◽  
G. Bottino ◽  
S. Negrini ◽  
F. Puppo
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
New Era ◽  
Stem Cells Therapy

AbstractStem cells transplantation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been claimed to restore cardiac function. However, this therapy is still restricted to experimental studies and clinical trials. Early un-blinded studies suggested a benefit from stem cell therapy following AMI. More recent blinded randomized trials have produced mixed results and, notably, the last largest pan-European clinical trial showed the inconclusive results. Furthermore, mechanisms of potential benefit remain uncertain. This review analytically evaluates 34 blinded and un-blinded clinical trials comprising 3142 patients and is aimed to: (1) identify the pros and cons of stem cell therapy up to a 6-month follow-up after AMI comparing benefit or no effectiveness reported in clinical trials; (2) provide useful information for planning future clinical programs of cardiac stem cell therapy.

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