Effects of Permeable Reactive Composite Electrodes on Hexavalent Chromium in the Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soil

AbstractChromium (Cr) is a common toxic heavy metal that is widely used in all kinds of industries, causing a series of environmental problems. Nanoscale zero- valent iron (nZVI) is considered to be an ideal remediation material for contaminated soil, especially for heavy metal pollutants. As a material of low toxicity and good activity, nZVI has been widely applied in the in situ remediation of soil hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) with mobility and toxicity in recent years. In this paper, some current technologies for the preparation of nZVI are summarized and the remediation mechanism of Cr(vi)-contaminated soil is proposed. Five classified modified nZVI materials are introduced and their remediation processes in Cr(vi)-contaminated soil are summarized. Key factors affecting the remediation of Cr(vi)-contaminated soil by nZVI are studied. Interaction mechanisms between nZVI-based materials and Cr(vi) are explored. This study provides a comprehensive review of the nZVI materials for the remediation of Cr(vi)-contaminated soil, which is conducive to reducing soil pollution.

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Mechanism of bio-electrokinetic remediation of pyrene contaminated soil: Effects of an electric field on the degradation pathway and microbial metabolic processes

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126959 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126959

Author(s):

Ruijuan Fan ◽

Haihua Tian ◽

Qiong Wu ◽

Yuanyuan Yi ◽

Xingfu Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation ◽

Metabolic Processes ◽

Soil Effects

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Electrokinetic Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using Permeable Reactive Composite Electrodes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.361 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 361-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rong Bing Fu ◽

Xin Xing Liu ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Jin Ma ◽

Yu Mei Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Ph Control ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation ◽

Composite Electrodes ◽

Remediation Process

A new permeable reactive composite electrode (PRCE) attached with a permeable reactive layer (PRL) of Fe0 and zeolite has been developed for soil pH control and the improved removal efficiency of heavy metal ions (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu) from soil in electrokinetic remediation process. The effects of different composite electrodes on pH control and heavy metal removal efficiency were studied, and changes in the forms of heavy metals moved onto the electrodes were analyzed. The results showed that with acidic/alkaline zeolite added and renewed in time, the composite electrodes could effectively neutralize and capture H+ and OH- produced from electrolysis of the anolyte and catholyte, avoiding or delaying the formation of acidic/alkaline front in tested soil, preventing premature precipitation of heavy metal ions and over-acidification of soil, and thus significantly improved the heavy metal removal efficiency. Fe0 in composite electrodes could deoxidize and stabilize the heavy metal ions. After that capture and immobilization of the pollutants were achieved. The results also showed that, using "Fe0 + zeolite" PRCE in the cathode with timely renewal, after 15-day remediation with a DC voltage of 1.5 V/cm, the total removal rates of Cd, Pb, Cu and Ni were 49.4%, 47.1%, 36.7% and 39.2%, respectively.

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Application of UV radiation for in-situ Cr(VI) reduction from contaminated soil with electrokinetic remediation

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 416 ◽

pp. 125806

Author(s):

Yi Zheng ◽

Huilin Li ◽

Qiu Yu ◽

Lin Yu ◽

Binquan Jiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation

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Exchange electrode-electrokinetic remediation of Cr-contaminated soil using solar energy

Separation and Purification Technology ◽

10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Ming Zhou ◽

Jingming Xu ◽

Shufa Zhu ◽

Yajing Wang ◽

Hui Gao

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation

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Lead (II) Removal from Contaminated Soils by Electrokinetic Remediation Coupled with Modified Eggshell Waste

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 777 ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

André Ribeiro ◽

André Mota ◽

Margarida Soares ◽

Carlos Castro ◽

Jorge Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation ◽

Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽

Inorganic Contaminants ◽

Reactive Barrier ◽

Eggshell Waste ◽

Inorganic Fraction ◽

Maximum Removal

Electrokinetic remediation deserves particular attention in soil treatment due to its peculiar advantages, including the capability of treating fine and low permeability materials, and achieving consolidation, dewatering and removal of salts and inorganic contaminants like heavy metals in a single stage. In this study, the remediation of artificially lead (II) contaminated soil by electrokinetic process, coupled with Eggshell Inorganic Fraction Powder (EGGIF) permeable reactive barrier (PRB), was investigated. An electric field of 2 V cm-1was applied and was used an EGGIF/soil ratio of 30 g kg-1 of contaminated soil for the preparation of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in each test. It was obtained high removal rates of lead in both experiments, especially near the cathode. In the normalized distance to cathode of 0.2 it was achieved a maximum removal rate of lead (II) of 68, 78 and 83% in initial lead (II) concentration of 500 mg-1, 200 mg-1 and 100 mg-1, respectively. EGGIF (Eggshell Inorganic Fraction) proved that can be used as permeable reactive barrier (PRB) since in all the performed tests were achieved adsorptions yields higher than 90%.

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Assessing the Effect of Weak and Strong Acids as Electrolytes in the Removal of Cesium by Soil Electrokinetic Remediation

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.53283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Rudy Syah Putra ◽

Alfi Ihda Amalia ◽

Naila Zahrotul Jannah

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Ph Control ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation ◽

Current Profile ◽

Data Logger ◽

Soil C ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The removal of cesium from artificially contaminated soil using electrokinetic remediation with nitric and acetic acid as electrolytes had been evaluated. In this study, uncontaminated soil was taken from four different sampling points (i.e., A, B, C, and D) in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All samples were prepared as cesium contaminated soil (100 mg CsCl/kg soil), which have similar physicochemical characteristics with Fukushima soil, Japan. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) was conducted using a graphite electrode in a constant voltage of 1.0 Vcm–1 for 7 days without electrolyte pH control, with 1.0 M nitric and acetic acid as electrolytes. The current profile during the EKR was recorded by a data logger for every 10 min. The remaining cesium in the soil was measured by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 852.1 nm. The results showed that the type of acid used in the experiments affected the removal of cesium. The highest cesium removal was achieved when nitric acid was used in the experiment and then followed by acetic acid. For all acids, the removal ability of cesium from soil was in the following order: soil C > soil A > soil D > soil B.

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