Laboratory Study on the Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by a Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in China

ABSTRACT Commercial turkey flocks in North Carolina have been found to be colonized frequently with Campylobacter coli strains that are resistant to several antimicrobials (tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid). Such strains have been designated multidrug resistant (MDR). However, the population structure of MDR C. coli from turkeys remains poorly characterized. In this study, an analysis of multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based sequence types (STs) of 59 MDR strains from turkeys revealed that the majority of these strains corresponded to one of 14 different STs, with three STs accounting for 41 (69%) of the strains. The major STs were turkey specific, and most (87%) of the strains with these STs were resistant to the entire panel of antibiotics mentioned above. Some (13%) of the strains with these STs were susceptible to just one or two of the antibiotics in this panel. Further subtyping using fla typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with SmaI and KpnI revealed that the major MDR STs corresponded to strains of related but distinct subtypes, providing evidence for genomic diversification within these STs. These findings suggest that MDR strains of C. coli from turkeys have a clonal population structure characterized by the presence of a relatively small number of clonal groups that appear to be disseminated in the turkey production system. In addition, the observed correlation between STs and the MDR profiles of the microbes indicates that MLST-based typing holds potential for source-tracking applications specific to the animal source (turkeys) and the antimicrobial resistance profile (MDR status) of C. coli.

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Genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli strain isolated from a newborn with severe diarrhea in Lebanon

Folia Microbiologica ◽

10.1007/s12223-021-00921-w ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Bachir Halimeh ◽

Rayane Rafei ◽

Seydina M. Diene ◽

Marwan Osman ◽

Issmat I. Kassem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Coli Strain ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Severe Diarrhea

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Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni from human campylobacteriosis in Taiwan, 2016–2019

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01736-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ying-Shu Liao ◽

Bo-Han Chen ◽

Ru-Hsiou Teng ◽

You-Wun Wang ◽

Jui-Hsien Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Rapid Diagnostics ◽

Phenotypic Resistance ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Level Resistance

Campylobacter coli and C. jejuni are highly resistant to most therapeutic antimicrobials in Taiwan, rapid diagnostics of resistance in bacterial isolates is crucial for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. We characterized 219 (40 C. coli and 179 C. jejuni ) isolates recovered from humans between 2016 and 2019 using whole-genome sequencing to investigate the genetic diversity among isolates and the genetic resistance determinants associated with antimicrobial resistance. Susceptibility testing with 8 antimicrobials was conducted to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genetic determinants. The conventional and core genome multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed diverse clonality among the isolates. Mutations in gyrA (T86I, D90N), rpsL (K43R, K88R), and 23S rRNA (A2075G) were found in 91.8%, 3.2%, and 6.4% of the isolates, respectively. Horizontally transferable resistance genes ant( 6 )-I , aad9 , aph(3’)-IIIa , aph(2”) , blaOXA , catA / fexA , cfr(C) , erm(B) , lnu , sat4 , and tet were identified in 24.2%, 21.5%, 33.3%, 11.9%, 96.3%, 10.0%, 0.9%, 6.8%, 3.2%, 13.2%, and 96.3%, respectively. High-level resistance to 8 antimicrobials in isolates was 100% predictable by the known resistance determinants, whereas low-level resistance to azithromycin, clindamycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and florfenicol in isolates was associated with sequence variations in CmeA and CmeB of the CmeABC efflux pump. Resistance-enhancing CmeB variants were identified in 62.1% (136/219) of isolates. In conclusion, an extremely high proportion of C. coli (100%) and C. jejuni (88.3%) were multidrug-resistant and a high proportion (62.5%) of C. coli isolates had been resistant to azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin that would complicate the treatment of invasive campylobacteriosis in this country.

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Whole-Genome Sequences of Agricultural, Host-Associated Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni Strains

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00833-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vikrant Dutta ◽

Eric Altermann ◽

Jonathan Olson ◽

Gregory Allan Wray ◽

Robin M. Siletzky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Swine Feces

We report here the genome sequences of four agricultural, multidrug-resistant Campylobacter spp.: C. coli 11601 and C. jejuni 11601MD, isolated from turkey cecum and jejunum, respectively, and C. coli 6067 and C. coli 6461, isolated from turkey-house water and swine feces, respectively. The genomes provide insights on Campylobacter antimicrobial resistance and host adaptations.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Molecular Typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates from Ducks in South Korea

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02469-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (24) ◽

pp. 7604-7610 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Bai Wei ◽

Se-Yeoun Cha ◽

Min Kang ◽

Jae-Hee Roh ◽

Hye-Suk Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Human Infection ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Content Type ◽

Food Borne ◽

Production Animals ◽

Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACTCampylobacteris a food-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis worldwide.Campylobacterbacteria are commensal in the intestines of many food production animals, including ducks and chickens. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence ofCampylobacterspecies in domestic ducks, and the agar dilution method was used to determine resistance of the isolates to eight antibiotics. In addition, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to determine the sequence types (STs) of selectedCampylobacterisolates. Between May and September 2012, 58 duck farms were analyzed, and 56 (96.6%) were positive forCampylobacter. Among the isolates, 82.1% wereCampylobacter jejuni, 16.1% wereC. coli, and one was unidentified by PCR. Of the 46C. jejuniisolates, 87.0%, 10.9%, and 21.7% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and azithromycin, respectively. Among theC. coliisolates, all 9 strains were resistant to ampicillin, and 77.8% and 33.3% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, respectively. The majority of theCampylobacterisolates were classified as multidrug resistant. Twenty-eight STs were identified, including 20 STs forC. jejuniand 8 STs forC. coli. The most common clonal complexes inC. jejuniwere the ST-21 complex and the ST-45 complex, while the ST-828 complex predominated inC. coli. The majority of isolates were of STs noted in ducks and humans from earlier studies, along with seven STs previously associated only with human disease. These STs overlapped between duck and human isolates, indicating thatCampylobacterisolates from ducks should be considered potential sources of human infection.

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Revisiting travellers’ diarrhoea justifying antibiotic treatment: prospective study

Journal of Travel Medicine ◽

10.1093/jtm/taaa237 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A Turunen Katri ◽

A Kantele

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Related Factors ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background As antimicrobials increase the risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, unnecessary antibiotics should be avoided for travellers’ diarrhoea (TD). Antibiotics are recommended in TD accompanied by fever or incapacitation (TD justifying use of antibiotics, TDjuAB). Seeking tools for reducing antibiotic use, we explored factors predisposing to TDjuAB and scrutinized antibiotic treatment among those with TDjuAB and those with diarrhoea not justifying antibiotics. Methods We conducted a study among 370 prospectively recruited visitors to the tropics. Stool samples and questionnaires were collected before and after travel. Enteric pathogens were analysed by qPCR for enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC), and enteroinvasive (EIEC) E. coli/Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia and Vibrio cholerae, and for ETEC’s toxins LT (heat-labile), STh (human heat-stable) and STp (porcine heat-stable). TD was defined by the WHO criteria and TDjuAB as diarrhoea accompanied by fever, and/or disrupting or preventing daily activities. Multivariable analysis was applied—separately for travel-related factors and pathogens—to identify risk factors for TDjuAB(+). Results Among the 370 travellers, TD was contracted by 253 (68%), categorized as TDjuAB(+) in 93/253 (37%) and TDjuAB(−) in 160/253 (63%) of the cases. Antibiotics were used for TD by 41% in TDjuAB(+) and by 7% in the TDjuAB(−) group. Relative risk ratios (RRR) s are presented for both the TDjuAB(+) and the TDjuAB(−) groups. TDjuAB(+) was associated with long travel duration and young age. Among the 298 subjects not having taken antibiotics, increased RRRs were found e.g. for findings of Campylobacter coli/jejuni and ETEC’s STh toxin. Conclusions The first to analyse risk factors for TDjuAB, our study presents RRRs for demographic and behavioural factors and for various pathogens. Only less than half of those in the TDjuAB(+) group took antibiotics, which demonstrates that most cases meeting the current criteria recover without antimicrobial treatment.

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Highly Prevalent Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter spp. Isolated From a Yellow-Feathered Broiler Slaughterhouse in South China

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.682741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Bai ◽

Zhengquan Chen ◽

Kaijian Luo ◽

Fanliang Zeng ◽

Xiaoyun Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Southern China ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

Anal Swab ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Double Base

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. along the yellow-feathered broiler slaughtering line in Southern China from December 2018 to June 2019. A total of 157 Campylobacter spp. isolates were identified from 1,102 samples (including 53.6% (75/140) of live chicken anal swab samples, 27.5% (44/160) of defeathering samples, 18.1% (29/160) of evisceration samples, 2.1% (3/140) of washing samples, 1.4% (2/140) of chilling samples, and 1.1% (4/362) of environmental samples). The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 14.2%, including 43.9% Campylobacter jejuni, 53.5% Campylobacter coli, and 2.5% other Campylobacter species. The highest antimicrobial resistance rate was found to be against sulfamethoxazole (138/157, 87.9%), and 90.4% (142/157) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Examination of resistance-related genes revealed the double base mutated Thr-86-Ile, which informed ACA-TTA, with an Arg-79-Lys substitution in gyrA. Eleven virulence-associated genes (cadF, cdtA, cdtB, ciaB, flaA, imaA, dnaJ, plaA, virB11, racR, and cdtC) were also detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and cadF (81.5%) was the most prevalent. Based on an analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results, we found that Campylobacter spp. could be cross-contaminated throughout the entire slaughtering line. These results show that it is imperative to study the Campylobacter spp. from the yellow-feathered broiler along the slaughtering line in China to develop preventative and treatment measures for the poultry industry, as well as food safety and public health.

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Whole Resistome Analysis in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Genomes Available in Public Repositories

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.662144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

José F. Cobo-Díaz ◽

Paloma González del Río ◽

Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Host Specialization ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽

Public Repositories ◽

Production Animals

Campylobacter spp. are the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis worldwide, and the spread of multidrug-resistant strains makes the clinical treatment difficult. The current study presents the resistome analysis of 39,798 Campylobacter jejuni and 11,920 Campylobacter coli genomes available in public repositories. Determinants of resistance to β-lactams (Be) and tetracyclines (Te) were the most frequent for both species, with resistance to quinolones (Qu) as the third most important on C. jejuni and to aminoglycosides (Am) on C. coli. Moreover, resistance to Te, Qu, and Am was frequently found in co-occurrence with resistance to other antibiotic families. Geographical differences on clonal complexes distribution were found for C. jejuni and on resistome genotypes for both C. jejuni and C. coli species. Attending to the resistome patterns by isolation source, three main clusters of genomes were found on C. jejuni genomes at antimicrobial resistance gene level. The first cluster was formed by genomes from human, food production animals (e.g., sheep, cow, and chicken), and food (e.g., dairy products) isolates. The higher incidence of tet(O), associated with tetracycline resistance, and the gyrA (T86I) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), associated with quinolone resistance, among genomes from this cluster could be due to the intense use of these antibiotics in veterinary and human clinical settings. Similarly, a high incidence of tet(O) genes of C. coli genomes from pig, cow, and turkey was found. Moreover, the cluster based on resistome patterns formed by C. jejuni and C. coli genomes of human, turkey, and chicken origin is in agreement with previous observations reporting chicken or poultry-related environments as the main source of human campylobacteriosis infections. Most clonal complexes (CCs) associated with chicken host specialization (e.g., ST-354, ST-573, ST-464, and ST-446) were the CCs with the highest prevalence of determinants of resistance to Be, Qu, and Te. Finally, a clear trend toward an increase in the occurrence of Te and Qu resistance determinants on C. jejuni, linked to the spread of the co-occurrence of the blaOXA–61 and tet(O)-tet(O/W/O) genes and the gyrA (T86I) SNP, was found from 2001 to date in Europe.

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Emergence of erythromycin resistance methyltransferases in Campylobacter coli strains in France

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01124-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Quentin Jehanne ◽

Lucie Bénéjat ◽

Astrid Ducournau ◽

Chloé Domingues-Martins ◽

Théo Cousinou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Genomic Islands ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Erythromycin Resistance ◽

Pcr Screening ◽

Clinical Strains ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

23S Ribosomal Rna

Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacters is described worldwide. The emergence of multiresistant isolates, particularly among C. coli , is concerning. New resistance mechanisms appear frequently, and DNA-sequence-based methods such as whole genome sequencing (WGS) have become useful tools to monitor their emergence. The genomes of 51 multiresistant French Campylobacter sp. clinical strains from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed to identify associated resistance mechanisms. Analyses of erythromycin-resistant strains revealed 23S ribosomal RNA mutations among most of them and two different methyltransferases in 4 strains: Erm(B) and a novel methyltransferase, here named Erm(N). The erm(B) gene was found in multidrug-resistant genomic islands, whereas erm(N) was inserted within CRISPR arrays of the CRISPR- cas9 operon. Moreover, using PCR screening in erythromycin-resistant strains from our collection, we showed that erm(N) was already present in 3 French clinical strains 2 years before its first report in 2018 in Quebec. Bacterial transformations confirmed that insertion of erm(N) into a CRISPR- cas9 operon can confer macrolide resistance. Campylobacter species are easily able to adapt to their environment and acquire new resistance mechanisms, and the emergence of methyltransferases in Campylobacters in France is a matter of concern in the coming years.

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Complete Genome Sequences of Plasmid-Bearing Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains with Type VI Secretion Systems, Isolated from Retail Turkey and Pork

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01360-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (47) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daya Marasini ◽

Mohamed K. Fakhr

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Type Vi Secretion System ◽

Secretion Systems ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Content Type ◽

Type Vi Secretion ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequences of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from retail turkey and pork, respectively. The chromosomes of these two isolates contained type VI secretion system genes. The two isolates also harbored large plasmids with antimicrobial resistance genes possibly contributing to their multidrug resistance.

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