On the continuity of the root barrier

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Bayraktar ◽  
Thomas Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Root Barrier

Interspecific root interactions enhance photosynthesis and biomass of intercropped millet and peanut plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Xiaojin Zou ◽  
Zhanxiang Sun ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
Lizhen Zhang ◽  
Wentao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Positive Root ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Interspecific Facilitation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Root Interactions ◽  
Root Barrier

Intercropping is commonly practiced worldwide because of its benefits to plant productivity and resource-use efficiency. Belowground interactions in these species-diverse agro-ecosystems can greatly contribute to enhancing crop yields; however, our understanding remains quite limited of how plant roots might interact to influence crop biomass, photosynthetic rates, and the regulation of different proteins involved in CO2 fixation and photosynthesis. We address this research gap by using a pot experiment that included three root-barrier treatments with full, partial and no root interactions between foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) across two growing seasons. Biomass of millet and peanut plants in the treatment with full root interaction was 3.4 and 3.0 times higher, respectively, than in the treatment with no root interaction. Net photosynthetic rates also significantly increased by 112–127% and 275–306% in millet and peanut, respectively, with full root interaction compared with no root interaction. Root interactions (without barriers) contributed to the upregulation of key proteins in millet plants (i.e. ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase; chloroplast β-carbonic anhydrase; phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and in peanut plants (i.e. ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; and phosphoglycerate kinase). Our results provide experimental evidence of a molecular basis that interspecific facilitation driven by positive root interactions can contribute to enhancing plant productivity and photosynthesis.

scholarly journals A Study on Test Methods for Performance Appraisal of Root Barrier Appling to Green Roofs

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Keun Oh ◽  
Kyu-Sung Kwak ◽  
Yoon-Suk Sun ◽  
Shi-Won Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Root Barrier

scholarly journals Root Contact between Maize and Alfalfa Facilitates Nitrogen Transfer and Uptake Using Techniques of Foliar 15N-Labeling

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeqiang Shao ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Hualiang Zhang ◽  
Hailing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
15N Labeling ◽  
Root Contact

Belowground nitrogen (N) transfer from legumes to non-legumes provides an important N source for crop yield and N utilization. However, whether root contact facilitates N transfer and the extent to which N transfer contributes to crop productivity and N utilization have not been clarified. In our study, two-year rain shelter experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of root contact on N transfer in a maize/alfalfa intercropping system. N transfer occurred mainly one direction from alfalfa to maize during the growth period. Following the N0 treatment, the amount of N transfer from alfalfa to maize was 204.56 mg pot−1 with no root barrier and 165.13 mg pot−1 with a nylon net barrier, accounting for 4.72% and 4.48% of the total N accumulated in maize, respectively. Following the N1 treatment, the amount of N transfer from alfalfa to maize was 197.70 mg pot−1 with no root barrier and 139.04 mg pot−1 with a nylon net barrier, accounting for 3.64% and 2.36% of the total N accumulated in the maize, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of N transfer without no root barrier was 1.24–1.42 times higher than that with a nylon net barrier regardless of the level of N addition. Our results highlight the importance and the relevance of root contact for the enhancement of N transfer in a maize/alfalfa intercropping system.

scholarly journals Accumulation and distribution of chemical elements in plants of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. (Transbaikal Territory)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
O. A. Leskova ◽  
E. A. Bondarevich ◽  
N. N. Kotsyurzhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Root Barrier

The paper presents research data on the content of chemical elements in soils and the plant Taraxacumofficinale Wigg., which grows on the territory of the Transbaikal Territory. The content of chemical elements is comparedwith the maximum permissible concentrations. The coefficients of accumulation, root barrier, and translocation arecalculated.

Structural Modeling and Analysis of Barriers Encountered in Gamification Applications in Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Gözde Koca ◽  
Özüm Eğilmez
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Root Barrier

Applications (apps) offer outstanding opportunities for healthcare services to serve individuals in areas that do not involve technology that improve healthcare outcomes, and that strengthen community health. These opportunities are becoming more common, especially with the increasing use of mobile devices in many segments of society. On the other hand, there are many obstacles that directly or indirectly affect the process of implementing gamification applications. In this study, the authors use Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and MICMAC aiming to reveal the relations of obstacles encountered, and also to find the root cause of barriers in gamification engagement through applications used in healthcare. Findings showed that the lack of functionality of the apps, having the highest driving power and lowest dependency, was determined as the root barrier whilst other barriers are also divided into levels.

Analysis of supply chain resilience barriers in Indian automotive company using total interpretive structural modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishtha Agarwal ◽  
Nitin Seth
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structural Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modelling ◽  
Micmac Analysis ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Total Interpretive Structural Modelling

PurposeThe study tries to identify the barriers influencing supply chain resilience and examine the inter-relationships between them. These relationships are built on the basis of how one barrier drives or is driven by the changes in another barriers.Design/methodology/approachIn the first phase, literature review and with due discussion with experts, the barriers have been identified and shortlisted for an Indian automotive case company. In the second phase, total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) has been applied to examine inter-relationships between the barriers for an Indian automobile case company. Matrice d'impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment (MICMAC) analysis has also been performed to analyse the driving and dependence power of the barriers.FindingsIn total, 11 barriers are identified from the first phase of the study. In the second phase, the TISM digraph is created which qualitatively explains the reason behind how one barrier leads to another. MICMAC analysis classifies these variables in four clusters namely autonomous, linkage, dependent and independent. These clusters characterise the barriers based on their driving and dependent power which helps managers in strategically tackling them while taking understanding from the TISM digraph.Research limitations/implicationsThree research implications can be made from the study. First, a comprehensive definition of supply chain which helps in understanding of resilience based on disruption phases and recovery. Second, 11 barriers are identified which hinder resilience in automotive sector. Their relationships are modelled using TISM which also gives why a particular relationship exists. Last, MICMAC analysis classifies barriers based on how high or low the driving and dependence power exists.Practical implicationsThe study offers significant implications for supply chain managers helping them in building resilience by identifying barriers and reducing their effect. Barriers are identified for case company which might help managers to tackle them during disruptions. The final TISM digraph depicts the “why” between the inter-relationships between the barriers to resilient supply chains. TISM shows that non-commitment of top management is the major root barrier which has been causing the other problems. MICMAC analysis is also performed along with discussion as to how autonomous, linkage, dependent and independent barriers can be tackled to build resilience.Originality/valueTISM is considered as an effective methodology for conceptual framework development as it also explains “why” between the relationships besides explaining the “what” as against ISM. Identification and understanding of barriers and their interrelationship will help supply chain managers to analyse the influence and inter-dependence of barriers on the resilience of the supply chain. Such understanding will help in mitigating/averting these barriers hence improving the resilience capability. It also adds to the knowledge base in the area of supply chain resilience where several authors have pointed the lack of research.

scholarly journals Visualizing polymeric components that define distinct root barriers across plant lineages

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Sexauer ◽  
Defeng Shen ◽  
Maria Schön ◽  
Tonni Grube Andersen ◽  
Katharina Markmann
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Root Interactions ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Root Barriers ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Hydrophobic cell wall depositions in roots play a key role in plant development and interaction with the soil environment, as they generate barriers that regulate bidirectional nutrient flux. Techniques to label the respective polymers are emerging, but are efficient only in thin roots or sections. Moreover, simultaneous imaging of the barrier constituents lignin and suberin remains problematic owing to their similar chemical compositions. Here, we describe a staining method compatible with single- and multiphoton confocal microscopy that allows for concurrent visualization of primary cell walls and distinct secondary depositions in one workflow. This protocol permits efficient separation of suberin- and lignin-specific signals with high resolution, enabling precise dissection of barrier constituents. Our approach is compatible with imaging of fluorescent proteins, and can thus complement genetic markers or aid the dissection of barriers in biotic root interactions. We further demonstrate applicability in deep root tissues of plant models and crops across phylogenetic lineages. Our optimized toolset will significantly advance our understanding of root barrier dynamics and function, and of their role in plant interactions with the rhizospheric environment.

scholarly journals Six-Year Evaluation of Circular Root Barriers on Two Tree Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Dennis Pittenger ◽  
Donald Hodel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Root Barriers ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
Ficus Microcarpa ◽  
Height Increase

The influence of four circular root barriers on surface root development and tree growth was evaluated on Liquidambar styraciflua (American sweetgum) and Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel fig) in southern California, U.S. Six years after installation, root barriers had reduced the total number of roots growing in the surface 15 cm (6 in) of soil and nearly eliminated large (diameter 5 cm [2 in] or greater) surface tree roots within a 120 cm (48 in) radius of the trunk. Various sizes and types of low-cost noncommercial barriers, including a container-grown tree’s nursery container with the bottom removed, were equally effective in reducing the number of large-diameter surface roots. However, roots grew below barriers and returned to the surface soil when soil texture, bulk density, and water content were near optimum for root growth at the bottom of the barrier. Many small roots 1.25 cm (0.5 in) £ diameter less than 2.5 cm (0.5 in £ diameter to less than 1 in) were found growing in the upper 15 cm (6 in) of soil just beyond barriers within 18 to 60 cm (7 to 24 in) of the trunk. No barrier treatment reduced the number of small roots of either species beyond 60 cm (24 in) radius from the trunk. Keeping pavement at least 120 cm (48 in) away from trees would be as effective as a root barrier in reducing the possibility of damage from large surface roots. A #15 nursery container serving as a root barrier reduced caliper increase of both species, whereas this treatment and the DeepRoot® barrier treatment reduced height increase of Liquidambar.

scholarly journals A Review of Root Barrier Research

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Justin Morgenroth
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underground Utilities ◽  
Root Barriers ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
History Of ◽  
Successes And Failures

A review of root barrier research from the past 40 years is presented. Research has resulted from the need to minimize conflicts between the expanding roots of trees and urban infrastructure such as roads, curbs, sidewalks, foundations, and underground utilities. The history of root barriers, naming conventions, and different classes are described. The results of experiments and surveys are examined, the successes and failures of different barriers are noted, and directions for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Green Roof Guidelines and Standards In Europe and North America

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Root Barriers ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

The German FLL Guidelines for green roofs are designed to inform about state-of-the-art performance expectations for green roofs. North America is experiencing steady growth in the green roof market and has no single-source set of standards or guidelines; therefore there is a need to identify what type of guidance may be lacking. Seven domains of knowledge from the FLL Guidelines are compared to similar areas of content in North American documents. It was found that although there are several North American green roof guidelines in use, compared to the FLL Guidelines there are areas where knowledge is lacking: guidance for compatibility of system components, slope application, filter fabrics, root barriers, surface and subsurface drainage, growth media, and erosion control, as well as standards or postconstruction testing requirements for fabrics, bulk density of growth media, root barrier performance, drainage media, and growth media. A case study of the Chicago City Hall green roof examines its content compliance with FLL performance standards. Recommendations for further advancement of North American guidelines include the need for more collaborative research and development in efforts to advance existing and new guidelines across ecoregions.

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