scholarly journals Accumulation and distribution of chemical elements in plants of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. (Transbaikal Territory)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
O. A. Leskova ◽  
E. A. Bondarevich ◽  
N. N. Kotsyurzhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Root Barrier

The paper presents research data on the content of chemical elements in soils and the plant Taraxacumofficinale Wigg., which grows on the territory of the Transbaikal Territory. The content of chemical elements is comparedwith the maximum permissible concentrations. The coefficients of accumulation, root barrier, and translocation arecalculated.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF SOILS CONTAMINATION OF SOME REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA WITH HEAVY METALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
G. A. Hambaryan ◽  
A. V. Santrosyan ◽  
Yu. R. Ishkhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
The Republic

The paper is devoted to the problems of soils contamination of some regions of the Republic ofArmenia and a city of Yerevan with heavy metals. The results of analyses of the selected soil tests for the purpose ofdefinition of their contamination degree with heavy metals are listed. The statistical data on the background concentration of heavy metals in various soil-climatic zones of the Republic of Armenia, not influenced with appreciable anthropogenous impact is also given. The comparative analysis on presence of polluting chemical elements in soil is carried out for the approved norms of maximum permissible concentration and background indicators. The authors consider possible negative influences on environment as a result of soils contamination, in particular on biological activity of soil and processes of its self-cleaning. It’s noticed that maximum permissible concentrations are mainly developed only from hygienic positions which do not consider the variety ofsoils, in particular, their properties. As an example there are described the results of soils researches of some regions of the Republic of Armenia and there is noticed that a paradoxical situation arises when background contents toxic elements in soils exceed the established values of maximum permissible concentration. In the paper there is arisen the question on necessity of working out and introducing in practice ecological monitoring of the system of tentatively permissible quantity of chemical elements in soil, taking into account background concentration of heavy metals in various soil-climatic zones. Introduction of the specified system will allow reasonably and, what very important, reliably to estimate an ecological condition of soils and to define the influence of contamination on qualitative characteristics of soil as a result of anthropogenous influence.

scholarly journals The Water Quality of White Lake and the Species Composition of Phytoplankton Organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
E.I. Shekhmatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System

the article presents data on the assessment of water quality and coastal soil, and the state of the phytoplankton of lake White, part of the system Kosinski lakes. The revealed excess of maximum permissible concentrations for heavy metals, arsenic, benzo(a)pyrene in the soil and deterioration of water quality dynamics. Discovered the dominance of blue-green algae (Cyanophyta), whose share reaches 70% of the total number of installed types. As a result of the study identified the main indicators defining features of the ecological-geochemical anomalies of White lake and the surrounding soils of the coastal strip. The resulting research data may be the basis for the organization of environmental monitoring system and used to develop the strategy of rational nature management within the Natural-historical Park “Kosinki”.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOILS OF FOOTHAL AREAS OF KRASNODAR KRAY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Анастасия Забашта ◽  
Anastasiya Zabashta ◽  
Николай Забашта ◽  
Nikolay Zabashta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Mobile Forms

The accumulation of heavy metals, primarily from the soil, takes place in the water and fodder plants. Sources are pesticides, polluted air and precipitation. Hazardous chemical elements in certain quantities enter plants from soil. It should be added that ballast substances from mineral fertilizers containing heavy metals are also found in the soil. It has been established that on the flat-foothill massif of the North Caucasus, the constant component of solid precipitation are such elements as chromium, nickel, lead, manganese and silver. Cadmium was not detected in most precipitation samples (less than 1.0 µg / l), but its concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations by 4–8 times, although its sources were not identified. Therefore, an agrochemical survey of agricultural land has been carried out and it has been established that the content of mobile forms of copper and zinc in the soils of the foothill areas does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Meadow grass stands do not accumulate zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable levels. In general, in the foothill areas of the Krasnodar Territory, hay contains 11.0–25.0 mg/kg of zinc, 1.8–9.0 mg/kg of copper, 0.2–2.0 mg/kg of lead, and 0.06– 0.24 mg/kg cadmium. Studies have shown that the agricultural soils of the foothill areas do not contain exceeding MPC values of mobile forms of zinc and copper. But there are local foci containing lead in small quantities. In hay from arable land and natural forage lands, the amount of heavy metals does not exceed MDU.

scholarly journals Hygienic Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Quality in the Zabaykalsky Krai

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
LA Mikhailova ◽  
YA Vitkovsky ◽  
EA Bondarevich ◽  
MA Solodukhina ◽  
MA Smoleninova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
Musculoskeletal Systems ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Introduction. The supply of high quality potable water to the population living within the geochemical provinces remains an important problem since the imbalance of chemical elements is a risk factor for various diseases and syndromes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality of surface and groundwater related to the geochemical characteristics of the region and to assess public health risks. Materials and methods. Water quality was analyzed in the areas of the Zabaykalsky Krai characterized by the presence of geochemical anomalies. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals in drinking water was carried out in accordance with the requirements of R 2.1.10.1920–04. Results. We established the excess of maximum permissible concentrations for such elements as iron (1.1–5.1 MPC), fluorides (1.1–2 MPC), nitrates (2.2 MPC), manganese (5.1 MPC), zinc (2.5–4.6 MPC), and cadmium (1.3–1.5 MPC). Higher than acceptable values of non-carcinogenic hazard quotients were attributed to the effects of nitrites (HQ = 1.5) and arsenic (HQ = 3.4) on the child population in the Kirinsky district. The total hazard index (THI) exceeded the permissible one for children in the Kyrinsky (5.05), Borzinsky (1.92), Chitinsky (1.19), and Tungokochensky (1.24) districts, the urban-type settlements of Zabaykalsk (2.07) and Priargunsk (1.62), and the towns of Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky (1.1) and Chita (1.87). Arsenic, fluorine, iron, and nitrites in water contributed the most to the risk level. Conclusions. The priority water pollutants included heavy metals, nitrites, arsenic, manganese, iron salts, and fluorides due to local natural geochemical features and industrial pollution. The assessment of the total non-carcinogenic risk based on hazard quotients showed that the children were at higher risk for toxic effects of those chemicals on the immune system, teeth, bone tissue, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, reproductive, respiratory, and hematopoietic systems, liver, kidney, central nervous and musculoskeletal systems.

scholarly journals QUATERNARY INTERGLACIAL SEDIMENTS AS POSSIBLE NATURAL SOURCES OF ARSENIC AND MOLYBDENUM ANOMALIES IN STREAM SEDIMENTS IN LITHUANIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimantė ZINKUTĖ ◽  
Valentinas BALTRŪNAS ◽  
Ričardas TARAŠKEVIČIUS ◽  
Bronislavas KARMAZA ◽  
Rimutė STAKĖNIENĖ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations

Geochemical investigations were conducted on Quaternary interglacial sediments in order to reveal if they can be a natural source of 10 potentially harmful chemical elements: As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn. Determination of the total contents of elements in 680 samples was performed by EDXRF analysis. The content of Ni, Cu, Pb, Ba in all analyzed samples was lower than maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) for soil, the content of Zn, V, Cr, Mn exceeded MPC values only in several samples (≤4%). The highest percentage of anomalous samples where MPC was exceeded was characteristic of Mo (21%) and As (12.6%). Therefore, interglacial sediments, especially enriched in organic matter and other sorbents, comprise one of the possible natural sources of Mo and As. It is probable that they contribute to As and Mo anomalies in stream sediments in Lithuania.

Nuclear Processes Related to the Ap Stars and the Heaviest Chemical Elements

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
B. Kuchowicz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Isotopic Shifts ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
R Process ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
Nuclear Processes

SummaryIsotopic shifts in the lines of the heavy elements in Ap stars, and the characteristic abundance pattern of these elements point to the fact that we are observing mainly the products of rapid neutron capture. The peculiar A stars may be treated as the show windows for the products of a recent r-process in their neighbourhood. This process can be located either in Supernovae exploding in a binary system in which the present Ap stars were secondaries, or in Supernovae exploding in young clusters. Secondary processes, e.g. spontaneous fission or nuclear reactions with highly abundant fission products, may occur further with the r-processed material in the surface of the Ap stars. The role of these stars to the theory of nucleosynthesis and to nuclear physics is emphasized.

Quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging developed as a new tool in AEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1202-1203
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Botton ◽  
Gilles L'espérance
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Spectrum Imaging

As interest for parallel EELS spectrum imaging grows in laboratories equipped with commercial spectrometers, different approaches were used in recent years by a few research groups in the development of the technique of spectrum imaging as reported in the literature. Either by controlling, with a personal computer both the microsope and the spectrometer or using more powerful workstations interfaced to conventional multichannel analysers with commercially available programs to control the microscope and the spectrometer, spectrum images can now be obtained. Work on the limits of the technique, in terms of the quantitative performance was reported, however, by the present author where a systematic study of artifacts detection limits, statistical errors as a function of desired spatial resolution and range of chemical elements to be studied in a map was carried out The aim of the present paper is to show an application of quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging where statistical analysis is performed at each pixel and interpretation is carried out using criteria established from the statistical analysis and variations in composition are analyzed with the help of information retreived from t/γ maps so that artifacts are avoided.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document