scholarly journals Root Contact between Maize and Alfalfa Facilitates Nitrogen Transfer and Uptake Using Techniques of Foliar 15N-Labeling

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeqiang Shao ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Hualiang Zhang ◽  
Hailing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Root Barrier ◽  
15N Labeling ◽  
Root Contact

Belowground nitrogen (N) transfer from legumes to non-legumes provides an important N source for crop yield and N utilization. However, whether root contact facilitates N transfer and the extent to which N transfer contributes to crop productivity and N utilization have not been clarified. In our study, two-year rain shelter experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of root contact on N transfer in a maize/alfalfa intercropping system. N transfer occurred mainly one direction from alfalfa to maize during the growth period. Following the N0 treatment, the amount of N transfer from alfalfa to maize was 204.56 mg pot−1 with no root barrier and 165.13 mg pot−1 with a nylon net barrier, accounting for 4.72% and 4.48% of the total N accumulated in maize, respectively. Following the N1 treatment, the amount of N transfer from alfalfa to maize was 197.70 mg pot−1 with no root barrier and 139.04 mg pot−1 with a nylon net barrier, accounting for 3.64% and 2.36% of the total N accumulated in the maize, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of N transfer without no root barrier was 1.24–1.42 times higher than that with a nylon net barrier regardless of the level of N addition. Our results highlight the importance and the relevance of root contact for the enhancement of N transfer in a maize/alfalfa intercropping system.

scholarly journals Recycling Biogas Digestate from Energy Crops: Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Roberta Pastorelli ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
Alessandra Lagomarsino ◽  
Arturo Fabiani ◽  
Stefania Simoncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Digestate from biogas production can be recycled to the soil as conditioner/fertilizer improving the environmental sustainability of the energy supply chain. In a three-year maize-triticale rotation, we investigated the short-term effects of digestate on soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties and evaluated its effectiveness in complementing the mineral fertilizers. Digestate soil treatments consisted of combined applications of the whole digestate and its mechanically separated solid fraction. Digestate increased soil total organic C, total N and K contents. Soil bulk density was not affected by treatments, while aggregate stability showed a transient improvement due to digestate treatments. A decrement of the transmission pores proportion and an increment of fissures was observed in digestate treated soils. Soil microbial community was only transiently affected by digestate treatments and no soil contamination from Clostridiaceae-related bacteria were observed. Digestate can significantly impair seed germination when applied at low dilution ratios. Crop yield under digestate treatment was similar to ordinary mineral-based fertilization. Overall, our experiment proved that the agronomic recycling of digestate from biogas production maintained a fair crop yield and soil quality. Digestate was confirmed as a valid resource for sustainable management of soil fertility under energy-crop farming, by combining a good attitude as a fertilizer with the ability to compensate for soil organic C loss.

scholarly journals Crop Productivity and Nitrogen Balance as Influenced by Nitrogen Deposition and Fertilizer Application in North China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jumei Li ◽  
Yibing Ma ◽  
Enli Wang ◽  
Qiong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
North China ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Management

In spite of the importance of N management in agricultural production, closing the full nitrogen balance remains a challenge, mainly due to the uncertainties in both fluxes of nitrogen input and output. We analyzed N deposition and its influence on crop productivity and field nitrogen balance based on data from three of 15 years (1990–2005) of experiments in North China. The results showed that the average annual nitrogen deposition was 76, 80, and 94 kg N/ha at Changping, Zhengzhou, and Yangling in a wheat-maize rotation system, respectively. The deposited N could support a corresponding total biomass production (wheat plus maize) of 9.6, 10.6, and 8.8 Mg/ha with a total grain yield of 3.8, 4.8, and 3.7 Mg/ha, however, that did not cause a further decline in soil organic matter. N fertilizer application could increase total biomass (grain) by 244% (259%) and 74% (119%) for wheat and maize, respectively. Under optimal N management, N deposition accounted for 17–21% of the total N inputs, which affected significantly the recovery efficiency of applied N. N deposition showed a significant spatial variation in terms of the fraction of dry and wet depositions. On an annual average, N deposition roughly balanced out N losses due to NH3 volatilization and N2O loss from nitrification and denitrification. NH3 volatilization and NO3−-N leaching each accounted for 16–20% of the total N outputs. A system modeling approach is recommended to investigate the spatial variation of N leaching as affected by climatic conditions, and to fully account for the nitrogen fluxes. The N deposition derived from this study can be used as the background N input into the wheat-maize double cropping system for N balance.

scholarly journals Split nitrogen application in potato: effects on accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in the crop and on the soil nitrogen budget

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VOS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization

In four field experiments, the effects of single nitrogen (N) applications at planting on yield and nitrogen uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was compared with two or three split applications. The total amount of N applied was an experimental factor in three of the experiments. In two experiments, sequential observations were made during the growing season. Generally, splitting applications (up to 58 days after emergence) did not affect dry matter (DM) yield at maturity and tended to result in slightly lower DM concentration of tubers, whereas it slightly improved the utilization of nitrogen. Maximum haulm dry weight and N content were lower when less nitrogen was applied during the first 50 days after emergence (DAE). The crops absorbed little extra nitrogen after 60 DAE (except when three applications were given). Soil mineral N (0–60 cm) during the first month reflected the pattern of N application with values up to 27 g/m2 N. After 60 DAE, soil mineral N was always around 2–5 g/m2. The efficiency of N utilization, i.e. the ratio of the N content of the crop to total N available (initial soil mineral N+deposition+net mineralization) was 0·45 for unfertilized controls. The utilization of fertilizer N (i.e. the apparent N recovery) was generally somewhat improved by split applications, but declined with the total amount of N applied (range 0·48–0·72). N utilization and its complement, possible N loss, were similar for both experiments with sequential observations. Separate analysis of the movement of Br− indicated that some nitrate can be washed below 60 cm soil depth due to dispersion during rainfall. The current study showed that the time when N application can be adjusted to meet estimated requirements extends to (at least) 60 days after emergence. That period of time can be exploited to match the N application to the actual crop requirement as it changes during that period.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ENSILING UPON FREE AMINO ACIDS AND AMINES IN WHOLE-PLANT CORN, AND ON ITS SUBSEQUENT NUTRITIVE VALUE FOR LAMBS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. PHILLIP ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Voluntary Intake

In a replicated 2 × 2 double latin square, 16 lambs were fed whole-plant corn harvested at 26% or 38% dry matter (DM) and either ensiled or frozen. Corn was supplemented with urea (1.25%, DM basis). Voluntary intake was measured during a 17-day period of ad libitum feeding, after which the lambs were restricted on feed (65 g DM/Wkg0.75) for 14 days for the determination of nitrogen (N) balance and digestibility. Ensiling resulted in an increase in nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), mainly as amino acid-N, from 21% to 48% of the total N in the low DM corn, and from 25% to 43% in the high DM corn. Basic and acidic amino acids were selectively degraded during ensilage. Amine-N accounted for less than 5% of total N in the silages. Voluntary intake (g DM/Wkg0.75) of ensiled corn was not significantly different from that of frozen corn (77.3 vs. 81.7) but was higher (P < 0.05) for the low DM than the high DM corn (85.1 vs. 73.9). Estimates of N balance and digestibility of DM and organic matter were not affected (P < 0.05) by ensiling or by stage of harvest. There appears to be no adverse effect of ensiling whole-plant corn on its voluntary intake and N utilization by ruminants, provided the silage is supplemented with urea. Key words: corn, ensiling, intake, Digestibility, ruminants, nonprotein nitrogen

scholarly journals Impact of elevated temperature on rice productivity: A case of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Ambika Ghimire ◽  
Yubak Dhoj G.C. ◽  
Binod Baniya
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
The Impact

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important crop in the world after wheat and also the most important crop in Nepal. The production of rice is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Temperature is the major constraint for the crop yield. The present experiment was conducted to study the impact of temperature on straw and crop productivity from June to October 2014. The experiment was conducted under temperature control chamber, in which temperature was elevated from the ambient level by 2ºC and 3ºC for the entire crop growth period. Grain and straw yield was measured using electronic weighing machine. Maturity of grain was 10 and 7 days earlier at elevated temperature by 3ºC and 2ºC respectively. Under similar condition of water depth, plant spacing, rice variety and soil nutrient, rise in temperature up to 2ºC is favorable for rice straw yield and crop productivity. Yield loss under elevated temperature by 3ºC is due to floret sterility. Further research on temperature resistance rice variety is necessary.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Greenhouse Pepper. II. Effects of Nitrogen Concentration and NO3: NH4 Ratio on Growth, Transpiration, and Nutrient Uptake

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bar-Tal ◽  
B. Aloni ◽  
L. Karni ◽  
R. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Canopy Nitrogen

The objective of this research was to study the effects of N concentration and N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution on growth, transpiration, and nutrient uptake of greenhouse-grown pepper in a Mediterranean climate. The experiment included five total N levels (0.25 to 14 mmol·L-1, with a constant N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio of 4) and five treatments of different N-NO3: N-NH4 ratios (0.25 to 4, with a constant N concentration of 7 mmol·L-1). Plants were grown in an aero-hydroponic system in a climate-controlled greenhouse. The optimum N concentrations for maximum stem and leaf dry matter (DM) production were in the range of 8.0 to 9.2 mmol·L-1. The optimum N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio for maximal stem DM production was 3.5. The optimum value of N concentration for total fruit DM production was 9.4 mmol·L-1. Fruit DM production increased linearly with increasing N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in the range studied. The N concentration, but not N source, affected leaf chlorophyll content. Shorter plants with more compacted canopies were obtained as the N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio decreased. The effect of N concentration on transpiration was related to its effect on leaf weight and area, whereas the effect of a decreasing N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in reducing transpiration probably resulted from the compacted canopy. Nitrogen uptake increased as the N concentration in the solution increased. Decreasing the N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio increased the N uptake, but sharply decreased the uptake of cations, especially Ca.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Nitrogen Transfer and Transformation in Traditional Farming and Rice-Duck Farming System by N15 Tracer Method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchister Morrel Ebissa ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Yuanqing Guan ◽  
Bingchang Tan ◽  
Peizhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

A field experiment was conducted in Ninghe, Tianjin, China, using 15N isotope method to evaluate the application of organic fertilizer on N distribution patterns of labelled and unlabeled N fertilizer, ammonium sulfate -15N uptake by rice, N use efficiency (NUE), and the fate of (15NH4)2SO4 applied. The experiment included eight treatments: CK-N (control + no-duck), CK-D (control + ducks), CF-N (chemical fertilizer + no-ducks), CF-D (chemical fertilizer + ducks), CM-N (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), CM-D (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + ducks), CD-N (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), and CD-D (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + ducks). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer whether CM or CD significantly increased N and P concentrations over control (CK) and chemical fertilizer (CF). Moreover, no-significant differences were found in 15N fresh grain and husk concentration. Both organs ranged of 14.2-14.4 g kg-1 and 6.2-6.3 g kg-1, respectively. N derived from the fertilizer and soil significantly affected fresh grain compared to fresh husk. However, N uptake and N use efficiency did not show any differences. We concluded that organic fertilizer has a significant influence on rice growth and promote crop productivity.

scholarly journals Zinc Plus Biopolymer Coating Slows Nitrogen Release, Decreases Ammonia Volatilization from Urea and Improves Sunflower Productivity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3170
Author(s):  
Maqsood Sadiq ◽  
Usama Mazhar ◽  
Ghulam Abbas Shah ◽  
Zeshan Hassan ◽  
Zahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Utilization

Currently, the global agriculture productivity is heavily relied on the use of chemical fertilizers. However, the low nutrient utilization efficiency (NUE) is the main obstacle for attaining higher crop productivity and reducing nutrients losses from these fertilizers to the environment. Coating fertilizer with micronutrients and biopolymer can offer an opportunity to overcome these fertilizers associated problems. Here, we coated urea with zinc sulphate (ZnS) and ZnS plus molasses (ZnSM) to control its N release, decrease the ammonia (NH3) volatilization and improve N utilization efficiency by sunflower. Morphological analysis confirmed a uniform coating layer formation of both formulations on urea granules. A slow release of N from ZnS and ZnSM was observed in water. After soil application, ZnSM decreased the NH3 emission by 38% compared to uncoated urea. Most of the soil parameters did not differ between ZnS and uncoated urea treatment. Microbial biomass N and Zn in ZnSM were 125 and 107% higher than uncoated urea, respectively. Soil mineral N in ZnSM was 21% higher than uncoated urea. Such controlled nutrient availability in the soil resulted in higher sunflower grain yield (53%), N (80%) and Zn (126%) uptakes from ZnSM than uncoated fertilizer. Hence, coating biopolymer with Zn on urea did not only increase the sunflower yield and N utilization efficiency but also meet the micronutrient Zn demand of sunflower. Therefore, coating urea with Zn plus biopolymer is recommended to fertilizer production companies for improving NUE, crop yield and reducing urea N losses to the environment in addition to fulfil crop micronutrient demand.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11311-11335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

scholarly journals 129 High Nitrate Fertilizers Control Shoot Growth through Low Phosphate Stress

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 463F-464
Author(s):  
Cheon-Young Song ◽  
Jin-Sheng Huang ◽  
Paul V. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Shoot Size ◽  
Ratio Set ◽  
Phosphate Supply ◽  
N Form

The greenhouse industry successfully uses high NO3 fertilizers to produce plants with short, compact shoots. It is commonly assumed that NO3 results in compactness while NH4 or urea stimulate large shoot growth. However, high NO3 fertilizers contain little or no phosphate. Four sets of treatments were applied to five species of bedding plant plug seedlings in two experiments to differentiate the effects of N source vs. phosphate supply on growth. Seedlings were established on 20-4.4--16.6 fertilizer until 10 days into stage 3, when the following treatments began. Set 1: phosphate-P was held at 22 mg/L and total N at 100 mg/L with NH4 comprising 40%, 13%, 7%, or 0% of total N, the remaining being NO3. Differences in shoot size did not occur as a consequence of the shift in NH4:NO3 ratio. Set 2: N was supplied at a concentration of 100 mg/L from 40% NH4 plus 60% NO3 while PO4-P was varied over the series of concentrations of 21.9, 6.6, 3.3, and 0 mg/L. Set 3: the same as Set 2 except that N was supplied entirely as NO3. Height and weight of shoots in Sets 2 and 3 were positively related to PO4 supply. Set 4: three commercial fertilizers containing 0 PO4-P and 8, 13, or 20% of N in the NH4 form. Compact shoots developed in these treatments. When 22 mg phosphate-P/L was added to one of these fertilizers, compactness was reversed. Shoot suppression by high NO3 fertilizers was concluded to be a function of low phosphate and not N form.

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