Media Systems and Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Media Message ◽  
Reciprocal Influences ◽  
Scientific Fields

In the early days of media studies researchers essentially devoted their attention to the effects of the media message. This has led to a major focus on the choices of single individuals while the analysis of more complex entities and phenomena has often been given secondary importance. This has created a delay in dealing with the aggregate level of system that had already been at the core of sister scientific fields such as political science. From these fields, communication studies has derived many possible directions for a systems approach, in particular a focus on the complex framework of interactions with other systems and their reciprocal influences. Comparative research in particular has gained from the adoption of a systems approach. Nevertheless criticism has not been lacking and has pointed out some major weakness in the systems approach: the difficulty in setting the borders of a system and the risk of underestimating the processes of globalization that makes the identification of media systems with the nation state difficult.

Demagogic populism and media system: A preliminary articulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 026732312199953
Author(s):  
Paul K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
System A ◽  
Media System ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Media Systems

Political communication studies has a long tradition of ‘crisis talk’ regarding the fate of public communication. Now, however, the field itself faces a kind of existential crisis as its core assumptions of ‘normal’ political communication are daily undermined. This ‘liberal normalcy’ shares much with orthodoxies in populism studies, most notably a tendency to bracket out demagogic communication, both in historical fascist regimes and democracies. Yet correcting these failings is not simply a matter of rejecting liberal models for left-populist ones. Rather, both fields need to broaden their historical parameters and deepen their theoretical frameworks. The article draws on the Weberian conception of modern demagogy and its revision in the wake of 'modern media' by Shils and Adorno. It further argues that a critical reworking of Hallin and Mancini’s media systems approach could benefit both fields. For Hallin and Mancini’s socio-historical use of Weberian ideal-typification complements Worsley’s never-completed plan for an ideal-typification of modes of populism and demagogic leadership.

scholarly journals Professional autonomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Nygren ◽  
Boguslawa Dobek-Ostrowska ◽  
Maria Anikina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Media Development ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Negative Sense

Abstract Degree of autonomy is one of the key dimensions of professionalization in journalism. However, the strive for autonomy looks different in different media systems, where pressure on autonomy can come from both political and commercial powers, outside and within the media. Media development also changes the conditions for professional autonomy for journalists, in both a positive and a negative sense. In the comparative research project “Journalism in change”, the journalistic cultures in Russia, Poland and Sweden are studied. In a survey involving 1500 journalists from the three countries, journalists report on their perceived autonomy in their daily work and in relation to different actors inside and outside the media. The survey covers how the work has been changed by media developments, and how these changes have affected journalists′perceived autonomy. The results show similarities in the strive for autonomy, but also clear differences in how autonomy is perceived by journalists in the three countries.

scholarly journals A Comparative Research Between Italian and Turkish Journalists: Professionalism, Autonomy, Clientelism, and Ethic

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110101
Author(s):  
Xheni Simaku
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Media And Politics ◽  
Media System ◽  
National Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Cross National

The global society which we live in nowadays makes us rethink about media system, global dynamics, and the operation of the influences that these dynamics have on national media systems. Starting from the book by Hallin and Mancini’s (2004) Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics, and under the Polarized Pluralist Model they proposed, the aim of this work is to compare Turkish and Italian journalists’ professionalization. This research has been conducted under the concept of professionalization that these authors suggested in their work and, more specifically, under the Polarized Pluralist Model, in which Hallin and Mancini recognize countries like Italy have the main characteristics described by the model; Turkey can also be included. The main goal of this work is to underline not only the similarities but also the differences that are encountered in these two countries in the journalistic professionalization. The methodology used is in-depth interviews with 10 journalists: five Italian and five Turkish journalists chosen from the biggest journals in their respective countries. Main topics taken into consideration were autonomy, clientelism, and professionalization in journalism based on ethics values. Even if the Polarized Pluralist Model seems to fit in both countries from a macro perspective, with the in-depth interviews, it is clearly seen that different cross-national nuances come out.

scholarly journals Dynamical aspects of smoking model with cravings to smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Aziz Ullah Awan ◽  
Attia Sharif ◽  
Kashif Ali Abro ◽  
Muhammad Ozair ◽  
Takasar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
The Media

Abstract The square-root dynamics of smoking model with cravings to smoke, in which square root of potential smokers and smokers is the interaction term, has been studied. We categorized net population in four different chambers: non-smokers/potential smokers, smokers/infected people, non-permanent smokers/temporary quitters and the permanent quitters. By dynamical systems approach, we analyzed our model. Moreover, for proving the unique equilibrium point to be globally stable, we took help of graph theoretic approach. The sensitivity analysis of the model is performed through the diseased classes effectively to design reliable, robust and stable control strategies. The model is designed like optimal control trouble to find out importance of various control actions on our system that are insisted by the sensitivity analysis. We have applied two controls, which are the awareness campaign through the media transmission to control the potential smokers and temporary quit smokers to become smokers and the treatment of smokers. Analytical and numerical methods are utilized for ensuring presence of these two control actions.

scholarly journals The differential effects of related and unrelated emotions on judgments about media messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinaldo Kühne ◽  
Claudia Poggiolini ◽  
Werner Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
News Article ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Processing Depth ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Message

AbstractThe present study investigated the influence of related and unrelated emotions on judgments about a news article. An experimental study was designed to manipulate both the relatedness of an elicited emotion (i. e., anger) to the news article and processing depth. Following mood and emotion effects theory, related anger was expected to have a stronger effect on judgments about the media message than unrelated anger. Processing depth was expected to moderate this effect. The results showed a main effect of relatedness and a main effect of processing depth, but the interaction effect was not found. Implications of the findings for understanding how emotions influence the processing of media stimuli are discussed.

Wroe Alderson, IMP and the evolution of theory

IMP Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Erik Gadde ◽  
Kajsa Hulthén
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Scientific Fields

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how theories evolve within scientific fields: why they receive attention and why they eventually become less attractive. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a literature review and focusses on the theoretical structure developed by Wroe Alderson. His contributions were highly appreciated and generally considered as “the” marketing theory. However, in few years his broad perspective was more or less neglected within the field where it was developed. At the same time, Alderson’s basic thinking was adopted by the evolving IMP approach. The specific objective of the study is to analyse why researchers in marketing abandoned Alderson, while IMP adopted many of his ideas. Findings The paper illustrates significant aspects of the evolution of theories. First, the paper shows how well-established conceptualisations, like Alderson’s total systems approach, may lose impact when the focus of research shifts. Alderson’s holistic framing was found too broad and all-encompassing to be useful when research attention was directed to specific aspects of marketing management and the socio-behavioural approach to distribution. Second, the paper shows in what respect IMP found support in concepts and models presented by Alderson in the challenging of fragmented mainstream framings of the business landscape. Originality/value This paper relates the rise and fall of Alderson’s concepts and frameworks to the evolution of theories of other schools-of-thought. Furthermore, the study shows how Alderson’s ideas were adapted to other research fields than where it was originally developed.

Media Systems in the Digital Age: An Empirical Comparison of 30 Countries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht ◽  
Laia Castro Herrero ◽  
Sina Blassnig ◽  
Michael Brüggemann ◽  
Sven Engesser
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Online News ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems

Abstract Media systems have changed significantly as a result of the development of information technologies. However, typologies of media systems that incorporate aspects of digitalization are rare. This study fills this gap by identifying, operationalizing, and measuring indicators of media systems in the digital age. We build on previous work, extend it with new indicators that reflect changing conditions (such as online news use), and include media freedom indicators. We include 30 countries in our study and use cluster analysis to identify three clusters of media systems. Two of these clusters correspond to the media system models described by Hallin and Mancini, namely the democratic-corporatist and the polarized-pluralist model. However, the liberal model as described by Hallin and Mancini has vanished; instead, we find empirical evidence of a new cluster that we call “hybrid”: it is positioned in between the poles of the media-supportive democratic-corporatist and the polarized-pluralist clusters.

SAT Revisited — A Critical Post-Examination of the Systems Approach to Training

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273
Author(s):  
Robert C. Sugarman ◽  
Steven L. Johnson ◽  
William M. Hinton ◽  
Chester C. Buckenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
System Development ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
Society Meeting ◽  
System A ◽  
Instructional System Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
Training Community

A unique application of the Systems Approach to Training (SAT) was carried out for the design of the B-1 aircrew instructional system. A preliminary report was presented at the 1975 Human Factors Society Meeting by Johnson, et aI, (1974) and Sugarman, et aI, (1974). Based on the additional experience, this presentation will share with the training community a look at some of the strengths and weaknesses of the SAT process. The particular application provided a harsh test of the process since the B-1 air vehicle is still in the developmental stages. This resulted in many opportunities to be faced with missing or incomplete data whose criticality to the analysis became more than apparent. The genral state-of-knowledge within Instructional System Development (ISD) itself is incomplete, which also became apparent when applying a highly structured (i.e., internally consistent and documented) SAT process. The major strength of the SAT process is the capability it provides for the justification of many decisions that were hitherto prone to hand-waving. This particular strength comes from the internal documentation for each decision process which is an important feature of SAT. The adequacy of the assumptions underlying the decision processes then becomes subject to scrutiny. The power of the documentation is enhanced by the use of computer aids in data management and economic analysis which facilitate the documentation. Within the present paper, problem areas which weaken the SAT process are also discussed. These include the data bases for the task analysis and economic/policy data, the media selection process, and the development of instructional strategies.

scholarly journals REVIEW: A thoughtful approach to teaching media

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Alan Cocker
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Approach To Teaching

Reinventing the Media, by Graeme Turner. London: Routledge. 2015. 158 pages. ISBN 978-1-138-02070-2AS A member of a School of Communication Studies seeking to refresh its curricula, the publication of Graeme Turner’s book Re-Inventing the Media is very timely. According to the publishers, Turner ‘takes on the task of rethinking how media studies approaches the whole of the contemporary mediascape.’ This statement should not lead the reader to expect that Turner is arguing for a root and branch overturning of how we approach and teach the media. Instead. it can be argued that this is rather a sober ‘re-think’ that seeks to address both the elements of change and continuity in teaching communication or media studies today.

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