Governance Through Civil Society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Torfing
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
New Research

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of civil society in public governance, defined as the process of steering society and the economy through collective action and in accordance with some common objectives. Civil society holds valuable experiences, resources and ideas that may be mobilized in support of public governance processes. The heightened interest in civil society has stimulated scholarly debates about the conceptualization of civil society that tends to be defined as an institutional realm of private associations, voluntarism, and active citizens. The theoretical perception on the role of civil society vis-à-vis public governance seems to have moved from mainly considering the governance of civil society and governance in civil society to focusing on governance with civil society through various forms of collaborative network governance and co‑creation processes. In other words, civil society is no longer perceived merely as a target for public governance initiatives promoted by state agencies, nor is it solely praised for its capacity for self-governance. Civil society has been re-casted as a competent and resourceful partner in processes of co-governance in which public and private actors create a common ground for joint problemsolving. The new research on co-governance prompts analysis of the conditions for engaging civil society actors in public governance, the potential benefits and problems of governance based on interaction with civil society, and the need for meta-governance of cross-boundary collaboration. Civil society is often associated with local, place-bound groups and associations, but it is equally important to consider the prospects for global governance to involve the emerging global civil society. The interest in how civil society can play a role in and contribute to public governance has come to stay and prompts us to reflect on future research avenues, including the key question of how we can create platforms for cross-boundary collaboration between public and private for-profit and non-profit actors. As such, the re-casting of civil society as a partner in the co-governance of society also seems to transform the state from an authority standing above society to an opportunity structure that promotes cross-boundary collaboration and co-creation of public value outcomes.

scholarly journals Combating economic and financial crimes in nigeria: the role of the forensic accountant

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
Felix Ogbeiyulu Umanhonlen ◽  
Otakefe J.P ◽  
Killian Osikhenaogiedu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Forensic Accounting ◽  
Financial Crimes ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Expert’S Opinion

Economic and financial crime has been a clog in the wheel of progressand a majorproblem be devil economic prosperity and growth modelsof most nations of the world. Due to this government in some quarters have had the reason to set upinstitutions to unravel as well asdispels themenace. Despite this,fewer than much success mayhave been achieved by the respective anti-corruption agencies as a result of not identifying with therole of forensic accounting science in planning, investigating and representing expert witness/testimony on be fore law suit. This paper attempts toappraisethe role of forensic accountant in combating economic and financial crimes in Nigeria. The paper explored relevance components of economic and financial crimes and extensively discussed concepts of crime and criminality, corruption, white collar and cybercrimes. Specifically, the study reviews the historical antidotes of forensic accounting, emphasizes on the role of forensic accounting science in litigation and forensic accountantensuring economic and financial crime immersed. Moreso, the study identifies basis for future research, some potential crimes factors and forensic accounting science expert’s opinion in crime scene as well as reviewed prior studies and gap envisaged. Essentially, the study reviewed theoretical issues using qualitative approach thereby involving a survey of literature to decipher relevant issues. It there fore sought that forensic accounting serves the basis for investigation, expert witness testimonyand opinion of expert in lawsuit so as to unravel crimes, and reach resolution for recovering. However, concludes that there is need to involve and embrace accounting expert science in all facets of crime investigation in order to accelerate detections and ameliorate incidences of failed attempt on crime recovery related to economic and financial crimes. Therefore, propose that public and private sectors should engage, recruit and employservices of and/or stationed forensic accountant to review,strengthen, reappraises records and internal control on routine basis. Also to check incidences of crime perception as well as anti-corruption agencies saddled with the responsibilities of fighting economic and financial crimes to employ and adopt engagement of forensic accountant on regular basis among others for all-inclusiveness works of planning, investigating, detecting,and recovering.

scholarly journals Strategizing the for-profit city: The state, developers, and urban production in Mega Manila

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Mouton ◽  
Gavin Shatkin
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range

This article explores the evolving role of real estate developers in the wider metropolitan region of Manila, the Philippines. We argue that, given the relational nature of these actors, they are a relevant object of analysis for the formulation of “mid-level” theories that take into account both global, macroeconomic trends and local, history-dependent contingencies.  As we consider developers’ activities and interactions with a wide range of public and private actors, we retrace their gradual empowerment since the beginning of the postcolonial period. As a handful of powerful land-owning families created real estate development companies, urban production quickly became dominated by a strong oligarchy capable of steering urban development outside the realm of public decision-making. Philippine developers subsequently strengthened their capacity by stepping into infrastructure provision, seemingly expanding their autonomy further.  More recently, however, we argue that while the role of private sector actors in shaping urban and regional trajectories has scaled up, their activities have been tethered more strongly to a state-sponsored vision of change. Both by reorienting public–private partnerships (PPP) toward its regional plans, and by initiating new forms of public–private partnerships that give it more control, the state is attempting to harness the activity of developers. We characterize this shift as a move from the “privatization of planning” to the “planning of privatization” of urban space.

Funding higher education through waqf: a lesson from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Asmak Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Government

Purpose This paper aims to study waqf practice in Pakistan with regard to its utilisation in funding for higher educational institutions (HEIs) and investigates waqf raising, waqf management and waqf income utilisation. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on the views of 11 participants who are actively involved in the waqf, its raising, management and income utilisation, and is divided into three subcategories: personnel of higher educational waqf institution, personnel of waqf regulatory bodies and Shari’ah and legal experts as well as archival records, documents and library sources. Findings In Pakistan, both public and private awqaf are existing, but the role of private awqaf is greater in higher education funding. However, due to lack of legal supervision private awqaf is considered as a part of the not-for-profit sector and legitimately registered as a society, foundation, trust or a private limited company. Waqf in Pakistan is more focusing on internal financial sources and waqf income. In terms of waqf management, they have firm guidelines for investing in real estate, the Islamic financial sector and various halal businesses. Waqf uses the income for developmental and operational expenditure, and supports academic activities for students and staff. Waqfs are also supporting some other HEIs and research agencies. Thus, it can be revealed that a waqf can cater a sufficient amount for funding higher educational institutions. Research limitations/implications In Pakistan, both public and private awqaf are equally serving society in different sectors, but the role of private awqaf is much greater in funding higher education. Nevertheless, the government treats private awqaf as a part of not-for-profit sector in the absence of a specific legal framework and registers such organisations as society, foundation, trust or private limited company. The waqf in Pakistan mostly relies on internal financial resources and income from waqf assets. As the waqf managers have over the time evolved firm guidelines for investment in real estate, Islamic financial sector and various other halal businesses, and utilisation of waqf income on developmental and operational expenditures, academic activities of students and educational staff, other HEIs and research agencies, it can be proved that the waqf can potentially generate sufficient amount for funding HEIs. Practical implications The study presents the waqf as a social finance institution and the best alternative fiscal instrument for funding works of public good, including higher education, with the help of three selected waqf cases. Hence, the paper’s findings offer some generalisations, both for the ummah at large and Pakistan. Social implications The paper makes several policy recommendations for policymakers, legislators and academicians, especially the government. As an Islamic social finance institution, the waqf can help finance higher education anywhere around the world in view of the fact that most countries grapple with huge fiscal deficits and are hence financially constrained to meet growing needs of HEIs. Originality/value The study confirms that the waqf can be an alternative source for funding higher education institutions whether it is managed by the government or is privately controlled.

Communicating Information About Environmental Health Risk: Perspectives from Environmental Civil Society Organizations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelagh K. Genuis
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Information Worlds

We examine the role of Canadian non-profit and nongovernmentalenvironmental groups in publicdiscourse about environmental health risk.Organization representatives were interviewed;implications for risk communication areconsidered. Findings suggest: organizationscontribute to the information worlds of citizens;benefit may be realized from fostering dialogue andpartnership with these organizations.environnementaux sans but lucratif et les organismesnon gouvernementaux du Canada dans le discourspublic sur les risques de santé dus à l’environnement.Des représentants des organisations ont étéinterrogés; les implications pour la communicationdes risques ont été prises en compte. Les résultatsindiquent que ces organisations contribuent auxmondes informationnels des citoyens, et qu’il y aavantage à favoriser le dialogue et les partenariatsavec ces organisations.

Corporate Social Responsibility, Government, and Civil Society

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Moon ◽  
David Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the role of governments and civil society in shaping and encouraging corporate social responsibility (CSR). It begins by exploring the relationship between CSR and particular patterns of business–government–civil society relations. It then examines the patterns of business–government relations that are associated with CSR. It explores two basic models. One is the dichotomous view that posits that CSR and government are, by definition, mutually exclusive; accordingly, the scope of CSR is defined by the absence of regulation and public policy. The second posits that CSR is the relationship between market actors and governments. This article also investigates changes in business–government–civil society relations which explain the recent growth and development of CSR. Finally, it examines the ways in which governments have promoted CSR and the relationship between responsible public and private policies.

Pandemic expands role of South-east Asian philanthropy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Severe Recession ◽  
Private Philanthropy

Subject Private philanthropy. Significance In South-east Asia, as elsewhere, there is growing pressure on civil society, from non-profit organisations to corporations, to help address the economic distress and social dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts Despite government and philanthropic efforts, South-east Asia is expected to experience a severe recession. A rise in philanthropy by religious organisations will fuel religious polarisation and the risk of violence post-crisis. Indonesia’s non-profit sector will likely experience a particularly sharp funding dip as foreign donations fall.

Morally Motivated Self-Regulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Baron
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Certification Organizations

Self-regulation is the private provision of public goods and private redistribution. This paper examines the scope of self-regulation motivated by altruistic moral preferences that are reciprocal and stronger the closer are citizens in a socioeconomic distance. The focus is on the role of organizations in increasing self-regulation by mitigating free-rider problems. Social label and certification organizations can expand the scope of self-regulation but not beyond that with unconditional altruism. Enforcement organizations expand the scope of self-regulation farther, and for-profit enforcement is more aggressive than non-profit enforcement. Enforcement through social pressure imposed by NGOs also expands the scope of self-regulation. (JEL D64, H41, L51)

scholarly journals Let's Not Railroad American Higher Education!

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
For Profit ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Privatization Of Higher Education ◽  
The Way

Politics, economics, and technology have conspired to make this an exceptionally challenging time for American higher education. Some critics claim that costs are out of control in traditional public and private nonprofit higher education. They believe these institutions will soon go the way of the railroads as for-profit institutions displace them and the Internet replaces college campuses and classrooms. Other critics bemoan the privatization of higher education and the increasing role of market forces. Still others think higher education has lost its way and fails to focus on educating undergraduates.

scholarly journals Corporate governance applicability and theories within not-for-profit sport management

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian O’Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Sport Organisation

This paper examines the role of corporate governance in non-profit sport organisations. Governance within the traditional business environment is a crucial issue for the ultimate success or failures of an entity. This study analyses if the structures and systems of governance within traditional business can be transferred to a sport organisation. The various governance theories are examined to assess their applicability within a sport organisation and the role of the board is also analyzed within the study. Finally, this paper examines areas of conflict which may arise relating to governance and concludes by offering a best practice approach to this integral issue within any modern sport organisation.

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