Family Violence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara E. Sutton ◽  
Leslie Gordon Simons
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sibling Abuse ◽  
Financial Exploitation ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Criminological Theories

Family violence encompasses a broad range of maltreatment types between family members including physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, as well as neglect and financial exploitation. Such violence includes child maltreatment, sibling abuse, intimate partner violence, and elder mistreatment. Family violence is relatively common and represents a significant social, legal, and public health problem. Specifically, research shows that rates of family violence range from 10% to 45% across family relationships in the United States. Moreover, family violence tends to occur in a socioecological context characterized by risk and vulnerability and is related to various negative consequences including psychological distress, health risks, injury, and even death. Despite overlap in the causes and consequences of family violence, work on each type has largely developed independently. However, several theoretical perspectives have been offered that apply broadly to this important social issue. Additionally, existing criminological theories can be utilized to understand the nature and consequences of family violence.

Family Violence in Context: An Intergenerational Systemic Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-291
Author(s):  
Stephen Southern ◽  
Raymond D. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Systemic Model

Family violence represents a major public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violent families engage in child maltreatment or intimate partner violence in response to horizontal stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and vertical stressors, including events in the family life cycle and changes in cultural contexts. Although family violence is often considered an individual problem, solutions require close examination of family structure, dynamics, and competence. The Beavers Systems Model for Family Functioning identified family groupings at risk of family violence. An emerging perspective on intergenerational transmission of violence from childhood neglect and abuse to elder abuse accounts for the accumulation of adverse childhood experiences and increasing risk of victimization or perpetration. An intergenerational systemic model identifies multiple contexts and levels for evaluating and treating family violence over the life span. Early identification and intervention facilitate prevention and rehabilitation. As families transcend adversity, they are able to realize post-traumatic growth and resilience. Recommendations for applications of the model are offered.

scholarly journals Healthy People 2020 Objectives for Violence Prevention and the Role of Nursing

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Simon ◽  
Kimberly Hurvitz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Healthy People 2020

Violence, including child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner violence, and sexual violence, is a significant public health problem in the United States. A public health approach can help providers understand the health burden from violence, evaluate evidence for prevention strategies, and learn where to turn for information about planning and implementing prevention strategies for this preventable problem. For the past three decades, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has published “Healthy People” objectives for the next decade. The Healthy People 2020 initiative includes 13 measurable objectives related to violence prevention, one of which was selected as a Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicator. Progress to achieve these objectives can save thousands of lives, reduce the suffering of victims and their families, and decrease financial cost to the law enforcement and healthcare systems. The role that nurses can and do play in violence prevention is critical and extends beyond just caring for victims to also include preventing violence before it happens. This article summarizes the violence prevention objectives in Healthy People 2020 and the resources for prevention available to support nurses and others as they move prevention efforts forward in communities to stop violence before it starts.

Acceptability of Family Violence: Underlying Ties Between Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 3217-3236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Christina M. Rodriguez ◽  
Manuel Martín-Fernández ◽  
Marisol Lila
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Close Family ◽  
Parent Child

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse (CA) are two forms of family violence with shared qualities and risk factors, and are forms of violence that tend to overlap. Acceptability of violence in partner relationships is a known risk factor in IPV just as acceptability of parent–child aggression is a risk factor in CA. We hypothesized that these acceptability attitudes may be linked and represent the expression of a general, underlying nonspecific acceptance of violence in close family relationships. The sample involved 164 male IPV offenders participating in a batterer intervention program. Implicit measures, which assess constructs covertly to minimize response distortions, were administered to assess acceptability of partner violence against women and acceptability of parent–child aggression. To determine whether acceptability attitudes regarding both forms of violence were related to a higher order construct tapping general acceptance of family violence, Bayesian confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Findings supported a hierarchical (bifactor) model with a general factor expressing a nonspecific acceptance of family violence, and two specific factors reflecting acceptability of violence in intimate partner and parent–child relationships, respectively. This hierarchical model supporting a general acceptance of violence in close family relationships can inform future research aiming to better understand the connections between IPV and CA.

Global Surge in Intimate Partner Violence after Mandatory Lockdown: Implications for Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Butool Hisam ◽  
Mohammad Nadir Haider ◽  
Ghazala Saleem ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue

We are observing with great concern the global spread of the COVID19 Pandemic. What is equally alarming is a less visible, albeit serious Public health issue; one that the United Nations has dubbed as the ‘Shadow Pandemic’ [1]. This is none other than the globally prevalent issue of violence against women, particularly Intimate Partner Violence. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a serious, possibly preventable public health problem globally. Pakistan ranks among the countries with the highest IPV rates [2]. On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the highly infectious and lethal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic [3]. Drastic measures were enforced universally to curb the spread of COVID-19. Countries issued strict nationwide lockdowns to isolate the population and implemented social distancing. The economy was impacted tremendously, and many people experienced financial and emotional hardship during this mandatory confinement. While everyone was affected, one population was in a far worse situation than others. Survivors of IPV were trapped alongside their perpetrators and faced difficulty/less freedom to escape threatening situations compared to the past. It is not surprising given that historical periods of uncertainty such as war or economic crisis have resulted in increased interpersonal violence, including violence against women [4].  The Hubei province of China, the first region to undergo a lockdown, saw nearly a doubling of their rates of IPV with the start of COVID19 Pandemic.  Similarly, tragic stories gained nationwide coverage in the United States. IPV may also have risen in Pakistan, even if it is not being covered as extensively. During pandemics, fear causes us to minimize our personal needs and make sacrifices we would not normally make. This could be a reasonable approach for most but should not be for survivors of IPV. IPV survivors live in constant fear for themselves and their children; they are now devoid of their only means of mitigation; avoidance. Local woman’s support groups in Pakistan should act and spread awareness about this grim reality hiding underneath the Pandemic. Resources/funding should be made available for survivors to be able to reach out for support without having to leave the watchful eyes of their perpetrators. Public health officials ought to investigate and document the rise in IPV to help identify the leading causes of the increase. These steps will assist in developing crisis-specific guidelines to provide adequate resources for the future. Continuous....

Approaches Used by Employee Assistance Programs to Address Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hardison Walters ◽  
Keshia M. Pollack ◽  
Monique Clinton-Sherrod ◽  
Christine H. Lindquist ◽  
Tasseli McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Employee Assistance Programs ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Employee Assistance ◽  
Assistance Programs

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are workplace resources available to employees with problems impacting work performance. EAPs are well-positioned to address intimate partner violence (IPV), a major public health problem with workplace impacts. A purposeful sample of 28 EAPs across the United States was surveyed to identify policies and programs to address IPV, including perpetration. Most EAPs did not report having standardized approaches for addressing IPV perpetration. EAPs also described significant barriers to identifying IPV perpetrators, with the majority relying on self-disclosure on the part of the perpetrator when contacting the EAP. These results suggest that many EAPs—even when interacting with employees who present with issues known to correlate with IPV—are missing a potential opportunity to assess and intervene with IPV perpetrators.

scholarly journals Examining differences between mass, multiple, and single-victim homicides to inform prevention: findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Fowler ◽  
Rachel A. Leavitt ◽  
Carter J. Betz ◽  
Keming Yuan ◽  
Linda L. Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Shared Risk ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Multi-victim homicides are a persistent public health problem confronting the United States. Previous research shows that homicide rates in the U.S. are approximately seven times higher than those of other high-income countries, driven by firearm homicide rates that are 25 times higher; 31% of public mass shootings in the world also occur in the U.S.. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the characteristics of mass, multiple, and single homicides to help identify prevention points that may lead to a reduction in different types of homicides. Methods We used all available years (2003–2017) and U.S. states/jurisdictions (35 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico) included in CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), a public health surveillance system which combines death certificate, coroner/medical examiner, and law enforcement reports into victim- and incident-level data on violent deaths. NVDRS includes up to 600 standard variables per incident; further information on types of mental illness among suspected perpetrators and incident resolution was qualitatively coded from case narratives. Data regarding number of persons nonfatally shot within incidents were cross-validated when possible with several other resources, including government reports and the Gun Violence Archive. Mass homicides (4+ victims), multiple homicides (2-3 victims) and single homicides were analyzed to assess group differences using Chi-square tests with Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc comparisons. Results Mass homicides more often had female, child, and non-Hispanic white victims than other homicide types. Compared with victims of other homicide types, victims of mass homicides were more often killed by strangers or someone else they did not know well, or by family members. More than a third were related to intimate partner violence. Approximately one-third of mass homicide perpetrators had suicidal thoughts/behaviors noted in the time leading up to the incident. Multi-victim homicides were more often perpetrated with semi-automatic firearms than single homicides. When accounting for nonfatally shot victims, over 4 times as many incidents could have resulted in mass homicide. Conclusions These findings underscore the important interconnections among multiple forms of violence. Primary prevention strategies addressing shared risk and protective factors are key to reducing these incidents.

scholarly journals Creating Safe Spaces: A Community Health Worker-Academic Partnered Approach to Addressing Intimate Partner Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supp) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Ashley Wennerstrom ◽  
Catherine Haywood ◽  
Maeve Wallace ◽  
Meredith Sugarman ◽  
Ashlee Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Safe Spaces

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a persistent public health problem in the United States, with an estimated one in three women experiencing rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner within her lifetime. Non-Hispanic Black women disproportionately experience IPV, but there has been limited success in implementing culturally appropriate preven­tion programs and services for members of this population. Community health workers (CHWs) are trusted members of under-resourced communities who provide reliable health information and improve the cultural appropriateness of service delivery and may be a vital resource for developing new IPV interventions. Guided by the prin­ciples of community partnered participatory research, we developed the CHW-led Safe Spaces project, which aimed to establish a strong academic-community partnership to focus on issues related to experiences of IPV and the prevention of IPV in New Orleans. In this article, we describe the development of our partnership including the formation of an advisory board, creation of a broad-based stakeholder coalition, offering a community partnered participatory research training, conducting IPV education and out­reach, and establishing a research agenda. Our processes are replicable and lessons learned may be relevant to other groups seeking to address IPV by leveraging the strengths of community-academic collabora­tions and CHWs.Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 2):317-324; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S2.317.

Targeting Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: Western Australia's “Freedom from Fear” Campaign

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donovan Robert ◽  
Donna Paterson ◽  
Mark Francas
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Orders ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Domestic Violence Prevention ◽  
The Relationship

Violence against women by their partners is now recognized as a major international public health problem, in both developed and developing countries. For example, it is estimated that each year in the United States, 4 million women experience a serious assault by their partner and that the victim-related economic cost of partner violence is about $67 billion. Traditional domestic violence campaigns focus on legal threats and sanctions in an attempt to stop men from being violent. While incarcerating violent men and issuing protection orders are necessary components of domestic violence prevention interventions, they do not - and cannot - remove women's fear of the man reappearing at some future time or place, often with tragic consequences. Furthermore, many women do not want to leave the relationship, nor do they want the man incarcerated; they simply want the violence to stop. The Western Australian “Freedom From Fear” campaign is an innovative social marketing initiative that acknowledges these factors and aims to reduce the fears of women (and children) by motivating perpetrators and potential perpetrators to voluntarily attend counseling programs.

scholarly journals MALTRATO INFANTIL Y TRASTORNOS CLÍNICOS POST-VIOLENCIA EN NIÑOS MENORES DE CINCO AÑOS

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
María José Terán Bejarano ◽  
Isabel Cluet de Rodriguez ◽  
Vanessa Michelle Barzallo Puebla ◽  
Mónica Tatiana Escobar Suárez ◽  
Carlos Antonio Escobar Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Abuse Child ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Keywords Child

Introducción: El maltrato infantil (MI), se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública que impregna todos los sectores sociales y cuyo impacto resulta devastador no solamente durante su infancia, sino a lo largo de toda su vida. Objetivo: Describir el maltrato infantil y trastornos clínicos post-violencia en niños menores de cinco años. Métodos: A documentary research was carried out in databases such as SciElo, Pubmed, Google Scholar and, LATINDEX, using the descriptors: child abuse, child abuse, family relationships, family violence, published in the period 2010-2021, in languages English, Spanish and Portuguese. Resultados: Se considera que, el maltrato infligido en los primeros cinco años de la vida del menor, repercute en el desarrollo neurobiológico y psicológico, el cual tiende a ser más rápido que en los años siguientes de las etapas del desarrollo. El maltrato infantil, no solo consiste en la presencia de hematomas, quemaduras, traumas craneales, la negligencia y la desnutrición. Se asume el maltrato infantil como todo aquel daño emocional que acompaña a los actos abusivos o negligentes que se traducen como trastorno de estrés agudo y el trastorno de estrés postraumático, con su repercusión a largo plazo. Conclusiones: El maltrato infantil puede afectar el exitoso desarrollo del niño no sólo en un determinado período de desarrollo, sino a lo largo de toda su vida. Un equipo multidisciplinario, que ejecute estrategias de prevención, la necesidad inclusión de todos los países en esta lucha y entender que la prevención es la única salida   Palabras claves: maltrato a los niños, abuso de los niños, relaciones familiares, violencia familiar   ABSTRACT   Introduction: Child abuse (MI) has become a public health problem that permeates all social sectors and whose impact is devastating not only during childhood, but throughout their entire lives. Objective: To describe child abuse and post-violence clinical disorders in children under five years of age. Methods: A documentary investigation was carried out. Through the search for scientific articles, in databases such as SciElo, Pubmed, Google Scholar and, LATINDEX, using the descriptors: child abuse, child abuse, family relationships, family violence. With inclusion criteria: full articles, in national and international journals and organizations such as WHO, PAHO, published in the period 2010-2021, in English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. Results: It is considered that the abuse inflicted in the first five years of the child's life affects the neurobiological and psychological development, which tends to be faster than in the following years of the development stages. Child abuse not only consists of bruises, burns, head trauma, neglect and malnutrition. Child abuse is assumed as all the emotional damage that accompanies abusive or negligent acts that translate as acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, with its long-term repercussions. Conclusions: Child abuse can affect the successful development of the child not only in a certain period of development, but throughout their entire life. A multidisciplinary team, which executes prevention strategies, the need to include all countries in this fight, and understands that prevention is the only way out Keywords: child abuse, child abuse, family relationships, family violence

What Can Elder Mistreatment Researchers Learn About Primary Prevention From Family Violence Intervention Models?

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Meyer ◽  
Jeanine Yonashiro-Cho ◽  
Zachary D Gassoumis ◽  
Laura Mosqueda ◽  
S Duke Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Intervention Models

Abstract Elder mistreatment (EM) is a public health problem that harms millions of older Americans each year. Despite growing recognition of its occurrence, there are no evidence-based primary prevention programs. Although EM is distinct from other areas of family violence, including child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, common risk factors and theoretical underpinnings point to opportunities for prevention strategies. Drawing on evidence-based best practices found in other fields of family violence, we identify approaches that could be tested to prevent EM at the hands of family caregivers, who are among the most likely to commit mistreatment. Specifically, we examine home visiting approaches primarily used in the child maltreatment field and identify components that have potential to inform EM interventions, including prevention. We conclude that there is enough information to begin testing a prevention intervention for EM that targets caregivers.

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