Re-Entry Experiences of Women

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Bostrom ◽  
Melinda Tasca
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Women's Relationships ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Experiences Of Women

The re-entry experiences of women are an important area of inquiry given the continued rise in female imprisonment. Since most inmates will be released, reintegration is a chief policy concern. Like men, re-entering women tend to be disproportionately of color, poor, undereducated, and parents of minor children. What sets women apart from men, however, is the accumulation and frequency of the adversities they encounter. To be sure, co-occurring histories of trauma, mental health, and substance abuse—commonly referred to as the “triple threat”—along with physical health concerns and poverty, distinctly shape female re-entry. Women with children face additional burdens due to their status as mothers. In particular, women’s responsibilities for children before incarceration, contact with children during confinement, and expected parental roles after release are quite different than those of fathers. Pressures to assume mothering roles and challenges with parent-child reunification can further complicate re-entry. Women require social support to successfully transition from prison to home. Social support helps women meet competing demands related to housing, employment, transportation, childcare, and community supervision. This assistance typically comes from informal networks that are invaluable to re-entry success. At the same time, women’s relationships are often highly complicated and can be sources of stress. While prosocial relationships are protective, unhealthy ties can contribute to re-entry failure. With respect to formal social support, gender-responsive interventions that target the unique stressors of formerly incarcerated women offer the most promise for effecting post-release change. Yet, such programs are not widely available or accessible to this population. Finally, it is important to take stock of primary sources used in the study of female re-entry to identify ways to advance research and policy in this area.

scholarly journals The Social Environment’s Relationship With Frailty: Evidence From Existing Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Duppen ◽  
Michaël C. J. Van der Elst ◽  
Sarah Dury ◽  
Deborah Lambotte ◽  
Liesbeth De Donder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Increasingly, policymakers assume that informal networks will provide care for frail older people. While the literature has mainly discussed the role of the family, broader social networks are also considered to be important. However, these social networks can diminish in later life. This systematic review investigates whether the social environment increases the risk of frailty or helps to prevent it. Findings from 15 original studies were classified using five different factors, which denoted five dimensions of the social environment: (a) social networks, (b) social support, (c) social participation, (d) subjective neighborhood experience, and (e) socioeconomic neighborhood characteristics. The discussion highlights that the social environment and frailty are indeed related, and how the neighborhood dimensions and social participation had more consistent results than social support and social networks. Conclusively, recommendations are formulated to contemplate all dimensions of the social environment for further research examining frailty and community care.

Back-End Sentencing and Parole Revocation

Criminology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryken Grattet
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner Reentry ◽  
Revolving Door ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Technical Violations ◽  
Parole Board ◽  
Lower Standard ◽  
Back Door

Back-end sentencing refers to the practice of sending formerly incarcerated people back to prison for parole violations. The concept was popularized by Jeremy Travis in his book But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry (2005) to sensitize researchers and policymakers to the overlooked contribution of parole violations and revocations to the increased use of incarceration during the 1980s to early 2000s. European scholars have used the term “back-door” sentences to refer to the same idea. Although revocation results in an action that is analogous to a sentence, procedures employed in revocation hearings operate under a lower standard of evidence—a “preponderance of the evidence”—and have fewer opportunities for representation and appeal than sentences given out in criminal courts. In California, where back-end sentencing had become routine by 1995, nearly half of all entries into prison annually were the result of parole board revocations rather criminal convictions. A portion of the violations that resulted in reincarceration were “technical violations,” which include noncriminal violations of a parolee’s terms of supervision, such as traveling more than 50 miles from their residence, not showing up for appointments, or associating with gang members or criminal peers. Commentators emphasized the ways that the back-end sentencing traps individuals in a “revolving door” between prison and the community supervision phases of punishment, “churning” back and forth between the two. Some research explicitly employs the term “back-end sentencing” whereas other scholarship relevant to the topic focuses on how parole systems deal with parole violators via the revocation process.

scholarly journals Relationships Stretched Thin: Social Support Mobilization in Poverty

2020 ◽  
Vol 689 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Miranda J. Lubbers ◽  
Hugo Valenzuela García ◽  
Paula Escribano Castaño ◽  
José Luis Molina ◽  
Antònia Casellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Research on how the poor “make ends meet” typically shows that they are able to do so by relying on dense support networks of family and close friends. Recent research suggests, however, that these networks play a limited role. This article examines the role of informal networks in how sixty-one households in Barcelona, Spain, cope with poverty. We use a mixed-methods design that combines structured network delineation with semistructured interviews about the processes of support mobilization. Findings show a great variation in network size and resource capacity among households and in the kinds of ties that offer support. Social support was regarded as essential among members of poor households, but mobilized networks were often insufficient for covering even the most basic needs, and prolonged network mobilization could cause strain and long-term conflict. This analysis suggests that support networks may help people to cope with income volatility while simultaneously increasing the potential for social exclusion and isolation.

scholarly journals The impact of British public opinion on women’s relationships with American GIs in Gloucestershire 1942-1946.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Abigail Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Sexual Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women's Relationships ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The main focus of this study is to determine the impact of public opinion on women’s relationships with American GIs in Gloucestershire 1942-1946. This involves understanding the scope of the relationships that were had and how race determined the way women who fraternised with US troops were portrayed to the public. Its primary aim is to provide new understanding of a subject that is under researched in Gloucestershire. Much attention has been given to the presence and impact of American soldiers in the Britain during the Second World War. However, no study has directly focused on Gloucestershire. This thesis also aims to understand if public opinion regarding women’s relationships with American soldiers impacted their sexual agency. Two main methods are used, the textual analysis of primary sources and the use of oral history accounts. The research reveals that sexual relationships with American soldiers added to the existing apprehension that surrounded female sexuality. Many local women had relationships with American soldiers, which aggravated some members of the public and the local authorities, especially if the soldier was black. Young working-class girls and women were particularly singled out for their immoral behaviour towards the US troops. The research also reveals that women in Gloucestershire expressed indifference and defiance towards the often-disapproving public opinion and control mechanisms implemented to influence the sexual agency of women. This thesis contributes to women’s history in Gloucestershire, uncovering a period of the county’s history that until now has not been researched.

scholarly journals Technology and Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Inequities Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 931-932
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jutai ◽  
Joshua Tuazon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults have been advised to stay-at-home to reduce the risk of infection. Social distancing and quarantine measures increase their vulnerability to adverse health outcomes like depression and cardiovascular disease. Technology is an effective tool to promote social connectedness among older adults affected by the pandemic; however, its role in reducing loneliness and health inequities is not well understood. The goal of this project was to construct a model for how technologies may be deployed to mitigate the impact of a pandemic on social isolation, loneliness, and health inequities for older adults. PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsychINFO were searched for the following keywords: “social isolation,” “loneliness,” “social support,” “resilience,” “technology,” “pandemic,” and “health inequities.” Articles selected for full analysis attempted to understand or observe how technology alleviates social isolation and/or loneliness among older adults. Research evidence indicates that using technology reduces loneliness directly and indirectly (by reducing social isolation) and can strengthen social support, which in turn promotes resilience among older adults. Video-based technologies encourage care-seeking behaviors in this population. There is insufficient evidence to determine technology’s relationship to health inequities experienced by older adults. The model we have proposed should help advance research on the relationship between technology and health inequities among older adults that may be aggravated by pandemic-like situations. We hypothesize that technology interventions for social support and functional competence should be sequenced in order to have the best effects on reducing health disparities.

scholarly journals The Potential of Networks for Families in the Child Protection System: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pérez-Hernando ◽  
Nuria Fuentes-Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
System A

There has recently been increased interest in the potential for formal and informal networks to aid interventions with biologic families in helping them achieve reunification in the context of the child protection system. When group support is provided to families, the creation of a network of social support seems to be a consequence. The article analyzes the conceptualization of social support in order to create social support networks and the benefits on the intervention with families in the framework of the child protection system through a systematic review. From a wide search 4348 documents, finally 14 articles were included in the reviews. Results show that social support is considered a process by which social resources are provided from formal (professional services and programs associated with those services in any off the protection, health of educational systems) and informal (extended family, friends, neighbors and acquaintances) networks, allowing the families to confront daily moments as well as in crisis situations. This social support is related to emotional, psychological, physical, instrumental, material and information support that allow families to face their difficulties. Formal and informal networks of child protection systems contribute to social support, resilience, consolidation of learning and the assistance of families to social intervention programs.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Community Corrections Involvement Among Formerly Incarcerated People in Recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 909-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Chavira ◽  
Roberto Lopez-Tamayo ◽  
Leonard A. Jason
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Education ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
General Education Development ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
History Of

The current study examined whether current community supervision status was associated with differences in demographic characteristics, lifetime substance use patterns, and criminal history among a sample of formerly incarcerated individuals with a history of substance use problems. Results of multivariate analyses revealed participants on community supervision were more likely to have graduated from high school or earned a General Education Development test credential (GED; odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.15, 17.24]) and were less likely to have a history of psychiatric hospitalization (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = [0.08, 9.35]). These characteristics may be proxies for social and emotional functioning that influence eligibility for community supervision. Despite these apparent advantages, the community supervision group did not significantly differ from the formerly incarcerated group without current justice involvement on lifetime substance use patterns or criminal history, suggesting formerly incarcerated individuals with substance use disorders may require more intensive interventions to promote existing strengths.

A qualitative study of the experiences of women with metastatic breast cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruvanee P. Vilhauer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Online Support Group ◽  
Rich Description ◽  
Experiences Of Women

ABSTRACTObjective:My objective was to investigate the experiences of women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer.Method:I did a qualitative study based on interview data. Fourteen women with metastatic breast cancer were recruited into a larger study of online support group use. Participants were interviewed by phone.Results:The women indicated that they experience distress because of concerns about body image, declines in aspects of their sexual lives, and worries about the effect of stress on their illness. The stress that worries these women comes from fear of dying, fear of disease progression and debilitation, the loss of their future, and practical concerns. The women were also likely to experience a decline in daily activity after being diagnosed with metastatic disease. They become less active because of the physical symptoms of the illness and the side effects of treatments, the medicalization of their lifestyle, their desire to avoid stressful situations, the constraints imposed by their social world, and the need to maintain disability benefits. Although women are often in need of emotional and material support from others after they are diagnosed, social support can decrease, both because women find it difficult to be open about the difficulties they face and because the responses of others are not adequately supportive. Distress and declines in daily activity and social support can feed into each other to create a vicious circle.Significance of results:This paper makes a significant contribution to the literature by providing a rich description of how metastatic breast cancer affects women. Further research, with more diverse samples, is needed in this understudied area.

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