Organizing Strategies for Advancing Women in International Studies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Meyer McAleese ◽  
Susan S. Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Benign Neglect ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Male Dominated

The interdisciplinary field of international studies has traditionally been a male-dominated field. Indeed, the field of international relations, both theory and practice, has been argued to be gendered in highly masculinist ways. Whether as practitioners or as scholars, women have had a difficult time entering and advancing in such male-dominated fields, both in the United States and around the world. Their admittance and full acceptance in the profession has been hindered by laws and regulations, institutional practices and inertia, gendered stereotypes and customary expectations, overt discrimination and subtle biases, or benign neglect. As such, women have adopted a number of different strategies to make their ways into such male-dominated fields. These include working to expand the field to encompass questions of interest to women, developing new networks with other women for mentorship and resource development, and organizing themselves into distinct groups to promote women’s professional interests and advancement. One of these women’s organizations is Women’s Caucus for International Studies (WCIS), a formal section within the International Studies Association (ISA). Since its formal organization in 1996, the Women’s Caucus has worked hard to fulfill its mission of upgrading the status of women in the profession. Specifically, it seeks to promote equal opportunities for women in their professional lives, as well as women’s professional development. The Caucus fulfills its mission in numerous ways, including sponsoring scores of panels and roundtables focused on women’s professional development, and organizing mentoring networks, both inside the Caucus and beyond.

scholarly journals Accessibility in Inclusive Tourism? Hotels Distributed Through Online Channels

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Eva Martin-Fuentes ◽  
Sara Mostafa-Shaalan ◽  
Juan Pedro Mellinas
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Accommodation Sector

There is a lack of comprehensive international studies on accommodations for people with disabilities; only small, local-level studies exist. This study aims to show the status of the tourist accommodation sector through the online distribution channel in terms of accessibility to offer more inclusive tourism. A descriptive analysis has been carried out with more than 31,000 hotels from the online travel agency Booking.com, in the 100 most touristic cities in the world. For the first time, an accurate picture of adaptation in the hotel sector for people with disabilities is presented. Results show that the adapted hotel infrastructures by countries are uneven. The main adaptations are those that help to avoid mobility barriers, and in contrast, hotels offer very few adaptations for sensory disabilities such as visual disabilities. Moreover, this study shows that, worldwide, countries with the highest income per capita, such as the United States of America, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Qatar or the United Arab Emirates, have the highest degree of hotel adaptation.

USE OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY AS AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF ART INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (195) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Hanna Karas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Development ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Artistic Styles

The article is devoted to the use of interdisciplinarity as an innovative approach in the educational process of art institutions of higher education on the example of studying the discipline «Evolution of artistic styles in art» included in educational master's programs. This discipline is based on the theory and practice of professional development of a teacher-musician, who provides the Master of Arts education process, shapes their professional development necessary for their future musical and pedagogical creativity, skills, and pedagogical culture. The content of the discipline consists of the introduction of artistic styles’ scientific and theoretical fundamentals to the future specialists. The objectives of the course are 1) the theoretical generalization of the historical experience of the evolution of artistic styles, 2) acquaintance with the best examples of artistic culture, representing different styles and directions, 3) mastering complex problems of stylistic analysis. The aim of the course is the establishment of a strategy for a professional growth as part of the vocational training of masters in the following educational areas «Secondary education. Musical Art» and «Musical Art»; mastering the scientific and theoretical foundations of the artistic styles’ analysis as a formative student course of the music and pedagogical education in higher education. The interdisciplinary approach can be implemented in two main formats. A. Kolot believes that with the help of the first format he builds bridges between different sciences, brings them together on an informal basis without violating their individuality and uniqueness. In this format, the discipline «Evolution of artistic styles in art» «builds bridges» with such disciplines as: philosophy, history, foreign languages, general psychology, culturology, sociology, art culture, aesthetics. In the second format, interdisciplinarity is presented as a real tool for unifying sciences, and the emergence of integrative products. In this format the course «Evolution of Artistic Styles in Art» involves an organic combination of such disciplines as history and theory of music, theater, ballet, art history, philosophy, art culture and literature, analysis of musical form, choral class, music psychology, and others. Therefore, we propose to define the student course «Evolution of artistic styles in art» as a complex, interdisciplinary field of knowledge and consider the application of an interdisciplinary approach in the practice of a teacher of artistic institutions.

scholarly journals Transformative Action: A Theoretical Framework for Breaking New Ground

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Institutionalized Racism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Transformative Action

Developed by Paulo Freire, critical consciousness (CrC) is a philosophical, theoretical, and practice-based framework encompassing an individual’s understanding of and action against the structural roots of inequity and violence. This article explores divergent CrC scholarship regarding CrC theory and practice; provides an in-depth review of inconsistencies within the CrC “action” domain; and, in an effort to resolve discrepancies within the existing CrC literature, presents a new construct—transformative action (TA)—and details the process of TA development. Comprising three hierarchical levels of action (critical, avoidant, and destructive) for each level of the socio-ecosystem, TA serves as a model for community-based practitioners, such as those working in the fields of social work and public affairs. The authors argue that transformation is necessary to deconstruct the social institutions in the United States that maintain and perpetuate systemic inequity, creating dehumanizing consequences. Through critical TA, community workers can make visible hidden socio-structural factors, such as institutionalized racism and White privilege, countering the historic trend of community workers acting as tools of social control—that is, socializing individuals to adapt to marginalized roles and accept inferior treatment; maintaining and enforcing the status quo; and facilitating conformity with inequitable societal norms and practices. The authors also discuss the implications of community-based TA practice.

Reply

PMLA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1018
Author(s):  
Michelle Balaev
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
English Department ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Literature And Environment ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Idaho

I appreciate Harold Fromm's emphasis on the diverse approaches found in the ecocritical field and on the relevance of ecocriticism to the goals and activities of the MLA because this was the future envisioned by the early scholars. Ecocriticism is an expansive, interdisciplinary field of study that arose from a shared desire for a new literary theory and practice. This shared interest has made ecocriticism a robust field that continues to grow, as seen in the newest ecocriticism program in the United States: the literature-and-environment program that started in the fall of 2012 in the English department at the University of Idaho, spearheaded by Scott Slovic, Jennifer Ladino, Erin James, Janis Johnson, and Jodie Nicotra. The field is also becoming rooted as an academic discipline around the world, in countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Australia, to name only a few.

The Teaching of International Relations in the United States

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. R. Fox ◽  
Annette Baker Fox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
American Experience

INTERNATIONAL relations, as a subject of instruction, has flourished more in the United States than elsewhere and more in recent years than ever before. What forces explain its growth and its present shape? How have methods of teaching it been affected by the goals of the teacher, by his relation to research, and by the formal organization of international studies in American colleges and universities? To what extent is the American experience so rooted in uniquely American conditions that it is unlikely to be repeated elsewhere? These questions will be considered in turn.

scholarly journals NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE EDUCATIONAL IDEAS OF JADIDISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Yulduz Namazova
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
National Education ◽  
National Education System ◽  
The Status ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Special Studies

The philosophy of education, which was formed in Turkestan in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, is interpreted as an area of research that analyzes the national pedagogical activity and educational foundations of these modern educators, its goals and ideals, the methodology of pedagogical knowledge, methods of creating a new Russian school system. Thus, it can be said with confidence that the philosophy of education, as an area that has a socioinstitutional form during this period, reflected the goals and objectives of the educational program of the Jadids. We know that during the formation of the Jadid Enlightenment, special studies of the philosophy of education were carried out, first in the United States and then in Europe. However, even before that, a separate philosophical system for the philosophy of education was created by such philosophers as Plato, Aristotle, Jan Amos Comenius, Locke, Herbart. In general, the philosophy of education is understood as an area of philosophical knowledge that has a subject of study. Philosophy of education as a science originated at the beginning of the 20th century. The founder of the philosophy of education in the world is the Anglo-American philosopher John Dewey. Today, in English-speaking countries, the philosophy of education has become a discipline with the status of a subject offered by individual faculties of universities. Thus, this chapter is devoted to the analysis of philosophical problems associated with the theory and practice of education of the Jadids, their approach to the problems of education, description, and reflection of the educational system of that period, its goals and levels, since the entire period of philosophical development is closely related to the ideas of the enlightenment. This chapter also presents a conceptual analysis of the educational organization and gender issues in Turkestan schools of the “new method”. For the Jadids, Islam was a way to get rid of ignorance, a means to achieve spiritual perfection. In Turkestan, the main goal is to build a secular state based on universal ideas, governed by Parlament. In particular, we see this in the process of political efforts to create a “national autonomy of Turkestan autonomy.” The changing nature of the Jadid movement is also characterized by an emphasis on education. This was due to the idea of the Jadid enlighteners to follow the Turkish, Tatar, and Azerbaijani intellectual world, as well as the desire to learn about Western European enlightenment.

The History of International Studies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Repeated Questioning ◽  
New Literature

A significant development in the history of international relations (IR) is the increased focus on historiographical issues. Prior to 1998, the literature had, for the most part, failed to address adequately the question of how to write a history of the field. The tendency was to describe the history of IR as if a complete consensus existed on the essential dimensions of the field’s evolution. However, during the past 10 years (1998–2008) a wealth of new literature has appeared that greatly challenges much of the conventional wisdom regarding the development of IR. Three main thematic issues have been prominent in the literature. The first theme concerns the status of IR as an academic field or discipline. For various reasons, there has been a repeated questioning of whether IR is in fact a distinctive discipline. A second theme is the issue of whether the boundaries of IR should be demarcated in terms of one particular country (the United States) or whether it should be viewed as a more cosmopolitan endeavor without regard to national differences. The third theme involves the historiographical debate about whether the evolution of the field is best explained in terms of exogenous events in the realm of international politics or by endogenous factors associated with the institutional setting of the field.

International Studies as a Discipline and Women’s Status Therein

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Reid Sarkees ◽  
Marie T. Henehan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
Status Of Women

As a distinct discipline, international studies is relatively young, emerging in the United States only after World War II. The study of the status of women in international studies is also a fairly new field, appearing more recently than that in other fields in academia, including political science. In the United States, political science evolved through at least six distinct phases. The first two phases occurred during the American Revolution and the post-Civil War era, while the next four took place in the twentieth century, described by David Easton as the formal (legal), the traditional (informal or pre-behavioral), the behavioral, and the post-behavioral stages. It was during this period that the study of women in politics began. As political science began to solidify itself as a separate academic discipline at the beginning of the twentieth century, there was also an attempt to include international relations within its domain. Despite the increase in the number of women in international studies and the advances that women have made in publications and positions, the field remains dominated by men. In other words, it is still not an equitable place for women to work. In order to overcome many of these enduring barriers, there should be a greater willingness to investigate and publish more studies about the status of women and to take more proactive steps to resolve the issues that have stalled women’s progress.

The Making of a Cold Warrior: Karl Gruber and Austrian Foreign Policy, 1945–1953

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 99-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Bischof
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Small Powers

In the years 1945 to 1953, Karl Gruber exerted an influence over Austrian foreign policy at times resembling the dominant influence of a Kaunitz or a Metternich. But as a diplomatist Gruber did not come close to the finesse and shrewd sense of power that his two great predecessors possessed. Moreover, Gruber had to maneuver in less predictable domestic and international terrain. During his tenure in the Ballhausplatz, foreign policy wassubject to domestic partisan struggle as well as parliamentary control and public opinion. Furthermore, Austria no longer figured as a great power and was locked into the monumental Cold War struggle between East and West on the frontline of the superpower tensions. Gruber operated in an extremely hostile international environment. Instead of the traditional well-balanced nineteenth-century “concert of powers,” which had profited so much from Austrian professional statesmanship, the inexperienced Gruber faced the United States and the Soviet Union, which were in almost total control of international politics. The two superpowers were engaged in a gigantic ideological struggle, each striving for a preponderance of power. A small nation such as Austria was buffeted to and fro between the conflicts in Central Europe and could hardly escape the pull of the global “empires” fashioned at the time. The United States and the Soviet Union confronted each other in spiraling arms races (nuclear and conventional) and rigid alliance systems in an uneasy truce called the Cold War. In this context of a tight bilateral international system, even England and France—the former great powers reduced to the status of middling powers after the ignominious loss of their great colonial empires—had a difficult time holding on to their traditional influence in the international arena. Small powers like Austria were largely impotent, unless they fashioned for themselves some room to maneuver between the superpower blocs.

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

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