State Terrorism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Common Policies ◽  
Analytical Tools

State terrorism is a contentious topic in the field of terrorism studies. Some scholars argue that the concept of terrorism should only be applied to the behavior of nonstate actors. Others argue that certain government behaviors may be understood as terrorism if the intent of state violence and threats is to stoke fear and influence the behavior of a wider audience. Three possible conceptualizations of state terrorism are worth exploring: government sponsorship of nonstate actors’ terrorism, terrorism perpetrated by government agents outside a legal framework, and “inherent” state terrorism—acts perpetrated by the state in the everyday enforcement of law and order that, if perpetrated by nonstate actors, would clearly qualify as terrorism. Each of these conceptualizations yields insight about state behavior, highlighting particular uses of violence and threats as instruments of state policy. Depending on one’s conceptualization of state terrorism, common policies and functions of government possess an underlying terroristic logic. Analytical tools developed in the field of terrorism studies may be useful in helping us understand state behavior, when violence and threats appear to have a broader communicative function in influencing an audience beyond the immediate target.

Mafalda: Middle Class, Everyday Life, and Politics in Argentina, 1964-1973

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Cosse
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Comic Strip ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Modernization ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract In this article I reconstruct the history of Mafalda, the famous comic strip by the Argentine cartoonist Quino that was read, discussed, and viewed as an emblematic representation of Argentina’s middle class. With the aim of contributing to discussions on the interpretation of the middle class in Argentina and Latin America, I examine the emergence, circulation, and sociopolitical significance of the comic from its first strips in 1964 until Quino stopped producing new installments in 1973, making use of two conceptual and methodological approaches: a perspective situated at the intersection of the everyday and the political, as well as a consideration of humor as a way of exploring social identities. I argue first that Mafalda’s ironic and conceptual humor worked with the contradictions of the middle class as it faced social modernization, cultural and political radicalization, and a weakening democracy. Second, I suggest that the strip contributed to a representation of a heterogeneous middle class marked by ideological differences but nonetheless conceived as one. Third, I claim that such a representation lost its relevance with the political polarization and violence of the 1970s, as portraying a middle class—or a society—united despite differences was no longer feasible in that context. To illustrate this, the article closes by noting that, shortly after Mafalda was discontinued, state terrorism would brutally demonstrate just how little space there was in Argentina for the young, antiestablishment generation depicted in the strip.

scholarly journals Innovative Approaches to Develop «Smart» Cities: the Legal Framework in Ukraine and the European Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (48) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
I. V. Yaroshenko ◽  
◽  
I. B. Semyhulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Over time, the role of cities as centers of economic, political and cultural life has increased significantly; they are major participants in the globalization process, affect economic growth and state policy. Cities are the main elements in many spheres of public life: they determine the education level and trends; the largest production facilities are placed in them or near them; city dwellers work as managers of different levels and shape state policy. Thus, the issues of urbanization, life and development of large cities, towns and areas around them are central to the consideration of self-government. Today, effective local governance and, consequently, effective development and promotion of the people’s well-being are viewed through the prism of achieving a balance between economic development, environmental protection and social development. Due to high population density, cities possess significant potential for creativity and innovation, energy conservation, environmental friendliness, socio-cultural diversity, etc., so it is the dynamic interaction of these features that drives European development. Setting sustainable development of cities and territories as a goal makes it important to take into account European experience not only in solving the existing problems of their functioning, but also in choosing priorities for the development of modern cities based on innovative approaches and the introduction of "smart" components. The significance of forming the required legal framework for an individual administrative and territorial unit (region, territory, city, community, etc.) to function, and of assessing its state for further use in public management of territorial development, determines the importance of developing and implementing an effective system of legal documents to address socio-economic problems and encourage sustainable regional (territorial) development in Ukraine.

Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilian Bizer ◽  
Martin Führ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The One ◽  
Analytical Tools

The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.

Beyond Law and Order: Detecting State Violence and the Search for Justice in Roberto Bolaño's Distant Star

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Andrew Yallop
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Crime Fiction ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Distant Star ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Work Functions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Dominant Narratives

Violent political unrest and militarised regime change was endemic to Latin America in the 1960s and 70s. As a result, writers working within the genre of detective fiction produced work influenced by the socially critical and cynical attitude of American hardboiled fiction. Known as neopoliciaco fiction, this work responded to circumstances where violence was perpetrated and authorised by governments against their own citizens in the name of political and social stability. Bolaño's unique adaption of crime fiction in Distant Star combines neopoliciaco crime writing with the testimonio, a genre which resists dominant narratives of history that downplay and even actively deny the criminality of state actors. In Distant Star, Bolaño explores how detective work functions within a paradigm beyond that of law and order, and the implications this has for the pursuit of reconciliation and justice in post-regime Chile.

scholarly journals The Justiciability of Socio-Economic Rights in Botswana

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonolo Ramadi Dinokopila
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
Judicial Remedies

AbstractThe judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights remains a challenge in many countries. This is generally attributable to the inadequacy of a particular country's legal framework, in particular its constitutional framework. Given the importance of judicial remedies in litigation, in particular public interest litigation, this article considers possibilities for the judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights in Botswana. It discusses the institutional, legal and constitutional framework for the promotion, protection and fulfilment of socio-economic rights in the country. It also tackles the issue of whether the judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights is easily achievable when those rights are not constitutionally entrenched. The article also considers whether the absence of directive principles of state policy within Botswana's Constitution is a hindrance to the judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights in Botswana. Within that context, it highlights the possible means of judicial enforcement of socio-economic rights in Botswana.

American Elegy: A Triptych

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Mariner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Children ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Black Life ◽  
Interracial Violence

On March 26, 2018, Jennifer Hart drove her SUV off a cliff along the northern coast of California with her partner and at least five of their transracially adopted Black children inside. Their remains were recovered at the crash site. As of this writing, a sixth child, Devonte, remains missing and is presumed dead. Four years before the crash, Devonte was famously photographed at the age of twelve, tearfully hugging a white police officer at a Ferguson rally in Portland, Oregon. By simultaneously occupying the feel-good spectacle of interracial intimacy and the everyday tragedy of interracial violence, Devonte embodies and embodied the conditions of contemporary Black life and death in the United States. His disappearance is intimately linked to other forms and histories of American state violence. Through cultural analysis, autoethnography, and poetic intervention, this essay performs wake work as a method for living with the unmournable.

State Terrorism

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-347
Author(s):  
Tim Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
Historical Awareness

Seeing official violence as unduly neglected, “critical terrorism studies” scholars have pushed hard for state terrorism to become a central concern of the emergent field of “terrorism studies.” Although laudable in intention, such critiques have been blunted in their impact by path dependency in how state violence has conventionally been studied. Some examples such as Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union have indeed been relatively well explored by scholars. Yet these truly spectacular examples are only a small part of the historical picture of state violence—and against that wider backdrop they appear highly aberrational. Any systematic attempt to understand the complexity of inter-relationship between state and non-state violence must develop both far greater historical awareness and sociological discernment.

scholarly journals Implementation of state policy in the field of combating cyber crime: legislative aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
O. ZHEREBETS
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Cyber Crime ◽  
Basic Principles

The article substantiates the importance of universally recognized international principles in the field of international security. The scientific article outlines legal framework of international security law and grounds for increasing the number of basic principles of international law.

scholarly journals Russia is in the grip of globalization, crisis and external pressure sanctioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
E V Okhotsky
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Public Crisis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Information Framework ◽  
Public Crisis Management

The article examines the legal framework, characteristics and main components of politics and public administration in the context of globalization and the crisis of the negatives of modern Russia, economic, organizational and information framework the integration of the state policy in the globalization processes and the practical implementation of the state policy of crisis and contractional orientation. Analyzes General, special and private in the process Manager’s specific anti-crisis actions in view of the potential opportunities and prospects out of the country on the path of sustainable socio-economic and political development; represented basic components of the mechanism of public crisis management, the most effective forms, methods and means of effective political and administrative activity in the conditions of crisis and unprecedented external unfriendly to Russia sanctions pressure.

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