Anthropological Perspectives on Fair Trade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Current System ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Development Alternatives ◽  
Independent Audit

Fair trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency, and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers. Minimum prices and social premiums linked to fair trade certifications, which require independent audit of the environmental, economic, and social conditions of commodity production and exchange, are integral to the system. Anthropological explorations of fair trade practices emphasize the cultural dimensions, socio-economic conditions, and political economy. Anthropological scholarship explores how experiences of fair trade are diversely influenced by gender; racial and ethnic identities; differences in wealth and resources, education, and geographic location; and political hierarchies and social institutions. The nuanced insights into fair trade impact produced through detailed, ethnographically driven anthropological research ultimately illustrate the limits of social movement-driven, rural-development alternatives and produce empirically informed, practical suggestions for how the current system could be improved. Anthropological expertise is appreciated within the fair trade assemblage, which encompasses development organizations, certification firms, importers, and retailers.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in the Colombia-Ecuador Border Integration Zone in the Post-Conflict Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1182-1190
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Conflict Setting ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Colombian Government ◽  
Development Alternatives

This article is about the urgency of creating and proposing development alternatives to reintegrate former members who belonged to the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) into civilian life. On the occasion of the signing of the peace treaty between this group and the Colombian government in 2016; also for the victims and territories with the highest incidence of the conflict in the Colombia-Ecuador border. The general objective was to analyze the forms of productive entrepreneurship as facilitators in the process of reintegration into the post-agreement period in Colombia taking into account the successful experiences in the creation of Ecuadorian companies. The methodology used a quantitative approach, analytical empirical method and descriptive research. The tools to collect information were a survey and an interview; with a sample of 128 reinserted FARC members and 47 Ecuadorian social and solidarity-based economy organizations. The results come from reinserted FARC members located in the Municipality of Tallambí (Colombia) and the social and solidarity-based economy organizations in the Canton of Carchi (Ecuador). The information obtained about directing and entrepreneurship policies came from the two governments (Ecuador and Colombia), and models of creating companies according to the characteristics found. It can be concluded that the majority of reinserted people are youngsters between the ages of 26 and 30, that is, in a productive age, willing to train and assume entrepreneurship proposals to continue their reintegration process and improve their quality of life. This can be possible with the help of the two governments, the social institutions and the international community.

scholarly journals Maintaining the Sustainable Energy Systems: Turning from Cost to Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Yе. Pysmenna ◽  
G. S. Trypolska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
Sustainability Policy

The economies of the world are influenced by the rapidly changing global energy policy agenda. Understanding energy trends implications in the long-term perspective is crucial for responsible and informed sustainability-policy making, with respect to transformations required to enhance the security of energy supply, resource efficiency and affordability, as well to as transformations required to minimize energy poverty and mitigate ecological footprint. Nowadays the price (value) competitiveness of technologies and products as their ability to respond to sustainability demands is becoming the appreciable criterion in choosing the pathways of technological growth or economic strategies designing. The transition to energy sustainability is the so-called quiet energy [r]evolution, or the transition towards 100 % renewable energy supply. Using the sociotechnical transition, vulnerability and sustainable development theories for the assessment of the energy safety level, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of cultural, institutional and innovation prerequisites of sustainable energy transitions. Basing on historical examples, it argues that, despite the cultural dimensions, energy resources and energy mix disparity, geographic location and income per capita, the value instead of cost philosophy in choosing energy pathways maintains the sustainable energy transitions. The key findings are the defined prerequisites of energy transitions sustainability; among them there are cultural dimensions, innovations and the speeds of movement along learning curves when adopting new energy technologies as well as energy policy patterns, applied in a country: value versus cost-driven. The Value vs Cost Energy Policy matrix has been developed in order to determine if a country is sufficiently value-driven in its energy policy.

Auditing in the BRICs

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rachelle Quinn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Big Four

The “Big Four” international accounting firms typically provide audit, tax, and advisory services throughout the world. Emerging market growth, specifically in the countries of Brazil, South Africa, and India, is expected to be significant in the upcoming years. In this paper, specific political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal, ethical, environmental and geographic factors are considered in each of these countries specifically as they relate to members of the Big Four and their auditing services. Further, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are evaluated in light of the provision of audit services within Brazil, South Africa, and India. Specific business risks and opportunities are identified for firms in each geographic location discussed.

scholarly journals Sistem Informasi Geografis Sebaran Lokasi Titik Peternakan Di Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Asahan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Sri Devi Dali Ansa ◽  
Jhonson Efendi Hutagalung ◽  
Rohminatin Rohminatin
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Service Staff ◽  
Birth Data

Abstract:The potential for livestock in Asahan district is very good. Besides the situation and conditions there are supportive, the geographic location of Asahan Regency also supports the District Animal Husbandry Office in the livestock sector because the area mostly covers land, so that the Asahan District Animal Husbandry Service staff in the field of livestock can help potential types of livestock based on certain areas. In addition, officers can also classify livestock birth data by district in order to increase the potential of existing livestock. The potential of livestock in Asahan district is not well managed and there is no informative mapping and monitoring that utilizes modern computer technology. Mapping and monitoring cannot be done because there is no education about the geographic information system and monitoring of the Asahan District Animal Husbandry Office and the current system is still conventional, so information about livestock does not reach the wider community, especially the Asahan area which results in a lack of knowledge. and information on the distribution of existing livestock. Therefore, the solution to increase public insight and knowledge of the potential of livestock in Asahan, a geographic information system and monitoring will be made to map the number of points of livestock distribution. Keywords: GIS, Distribution of Farm Point Locations, PHP and MySQL  Abstrak: Potensi ternak di kabupaten Asahan sangat bagus. Selain situasi dan kondisi disana mendukung, letak geografis kabupaten Asahan pun juga mendukung untuk Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten bidang peternakan dikarenkan wilayahnya sebagian besar meliputi daratan, sehingga petugas Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Asahan bidang peternakan dapat membantu jenis ternak yang berpotensi berdasarkan wilayah tertentu. Selain itu petugas juga bisa mengelompokkan data kelahiran ternak per kecamatan guna meningkatkan potensi ternak yang ada.Potensi ternak di kabupaten Asahan tidak dikelola dengan baik dan belum ada pemetaan yang informatif serta monitoring yang memanfaatkan teknologi komputer modern. Pemetaan dan monitoring belum bisa dilakukan dikarenakan belum adanya edukasi tentang sistem informasi geografis dan monitoring terhadap pihak kantor Dinas Peternakan Kabupaten Asahan  dan sistem yang dijalankan saat ini pun masih konvensional, sehingga informasi tentang ternak tidak sampai ke masyarakat luas khususnya wilayah Asahan yang berdampak pada minimnya pengetahuan dan informasi terhadap sebaran hewan ternak yang ada. Oleh karena itu solusi untuk meningkatkan wawasan dan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap potensi ternak yang ada di Asahan, maka akan dibuatkan sistem informasi geografis dan monitoring untuk memetakan jumlah titik sebaran ternak. Kata Kunci : GIS, Sebaran Lokasi Titik Peternakan, PHP dan MySQL

scholarly journals Sociological Analysis of Divorce: A Case Study from Pokhara, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
Acharya Ram Bala
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research

This article is based on field study among different caste and ethnic groups residing in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city of Nepal. It tries to identify the causes of divorce in those groups. Probably, it is the first sociological study on divorce based on empirical fact in Nepal, so it may contribute a little bit to the direction of the sociological study. The tradition of sociological and anthropological research on social institutions and processes is not dominant in Nepal. Sociologists have found that there are different natures of changes on social institutions, economy, culture and political structure. This is a universal phenomenon around the world. However it could be fruitful to analyze causes and consequences of the social events or changes from the sociological perspective in the different social and cultural context. This study focuses on divorce basically the legal separation of the husband and wife. However customary divorce practices are in different communities of the Nepalese society.DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.284Dhaulagiri Vol.1 (2005) pp.129-145

scholarly journals Immigration and Migration Policy in the Nordic Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Morozova ◽  
Elena S. Yakovleva ◽  
Arina G. Alymova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
High Standards ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Stability

One of the features of the modern system of international relations in terms of increasing globalization is the intensification of migration processes, the complication of the structure of migration flows. Compared to the migration crisis in Central Europe, the situation in Northern Europe looks more optimistic. Nevertheless, as the data of official statistics show, the number of arriving migrants is increasing every year, which creates an additional burden on the social institutions of society and increases tension in the societies. Another problem is the formation of ethnical enclaves on the territory of the recipient countries. For the research the Nordic region countries were selected: Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, Finland. These states are included in the ranking of the “happiest” countries in the world and attract migrants with high standards of living. But the geographic location makes the Nordic countries a little less attractive for the migrants than the Central European countries. The analysis of the measures implemented within the framework of the migration policy shows that the Northern European states have different approaches to solving the migration issue. The strictest model of migration policy is demonstrated by Denmark and Norway, the softest by Sweden and Finland. Iceland, due to its geographical location, is less exposed to migration problems and demonstrates a very loyal policy towards migrants. Scandinavian countries have long been facing a choice: on the one hand, there has been and still is a need for workforce, and on the other hand, the influx of huge numbers of migrants is a threat to the stability of the state. The migration crisis in Europe, which reached its peak in 2015, forced countries with “soft” migration laws to take measures towards tighter control over migration flows.

Understanding Culture and its Implications for E-Learning

2014 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Enric Serradell-López ◽  
Cristina Casado-Lumbreras ◽  
David Castillo-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The University

Universities around the world are facing the task of adapting to a changing environment. In a contemporary global context, universities must respond to new educational needs, leading to a global process of enhancing lifelong learning. In addition, they must add new demands not only by students but also from other stakeholders who see the university as a core institution of training for adults. In the highly competitive and global environment of universities, traditional elements such as geographic location are less important in favour of other more intangible factors, such as the image of universities, prestige, and ability of adaptation to the training needs of people. Moreover, the phenomenon of e-learning leads to an increase in the competition between universities, where previous intangibles are increasingly important, as well as those that emphasize cultural aspects. This chapter presents how cultural dimensions are related to higher education, particularly from the work of Hofstede and the Globe project, as well as some cultural elements to consider in virtual environments.

Understanding Culture and its Implications for E-Learning

2013 ◽  
pp. 144-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Serradell-López ◽  
Cristina Casado-Lumbreras ◽  
David Castillo-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The University

Universities around the world are facing the task of adapting to a changing environment. In a contemporary global context, universities must respond to new educational needs, leading to a global process of enhancing lifelong learning. In addition, they must add new demands not only by students but also from other stakeholders who see the university as a core institution of training for adults. In the highly competitive and global environment of universities, traditional elements such as geographic location are less important in favour of other more intangible factors, such as the image of universities, prestige, and ability of adaptation to the training needs of people. Moreover, the phenomenon of e-learning leads to an increase in the competition between universities, where previous intangibles are increasingly important, as well as those that emphasize cultural aspects. This chapter presents how cultural dimensions are related to higher education, particularly from the work of Hofstede and The Globe project, as well as some cultural elements to consider in virtual environments.

scholarly journals Sociocultural factors as determinants of female entrepreneurs’ business strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufi Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the impact of social institutions, and, in particular, of national culture, on business success, further considering how these institutions influence entrepreneurial decisions around partnership structure and networking strategies, for instance. It additionally examines how the female entrepreneur finds her way around these institutions to help her business succeed, evaluating whether this success is a culture-independent phenomenon that can be achieved through using similar, potentially advantageous strategies regardless of national context or whether adjustments are required before entering a foreign market. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected through a survey study from 240 established female entrepreneurs with 120 from each country. Two existing surveys were used to create the questions. The target sample group was comprised of successful female businesses within northwest England and western Turkey. These regions were selected due to their convenience and accessibility. Only successful businesses or, in other words, established entrepreneurs were accepted to this study. The business success criteria were: age of business (>5 years); stability or growth recorded on profitability; sales volume; and number of employees within the last financial year. Findings The findings showed significant differences between the two groups of established female entrepreneurs in their demographic characteristics, networking pattern, work pattern, business structure and perceived impediments at different stages of business venturing. The findings assert that the cultural dimensions of power distance and individualism have the most significant impact upon the established female entrepreneurs’ business strategies. Originality/value To date, limited studies have examined the country-specific factors, which may account for variance in women entrepreneurs’ behaviour and subsequent outcomes. This study attempts to close this gap through taking a closer look at the country-specific sociocultural factors creating differences in established female entrepreneurs’ business strategies within the context of Turkey and the UK. Should any female business strategy have become successful in one country, then policymakers and women support organisations can work on developing ways for benchmarking. Moreover, this study aims to guide female entrepreneurs to develop feasible international market entry strategies to ensure survival in today’s global market.

Engaging the Community: Building Effective Partnerships in Sexual Violence Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Czuy Levine
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Concrete Action

Sexual violence is a multifaceted problem with individual, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural dimensions. Researchers have increasingly turned to social institutions, such as nonprofit agencies, in their efforts to understand and ultimately prevent aggression and victimization. Drawing on interviews with 30 scientists and other scholars, this study explored sexual violence researchers’ experiences with and approaches to collaborating with local communities and institutions. Participants shared diverse experiences working with institutionalized and noninstitutionalized local communities, antiviolence advocates and social workers, medical providers, police, attorneys, employees of bars and restaurants, educators, and university administrators. Many noted that the commitments that motivate researchers may be insufficient for engaging community partners. The aim of ending violence, in itself, may not be enough. Narratives of trauma, of risk and safety, may not be enough. Concerns about limited resources and potential backlash or liability may dissuade community members and institutions from partnering with researchers in prevention. Distrust may also pose a barrier. Fortunately, researchers have developed promising strategies for engaging institutional partners despite these concerns. These include cultivating mutual partnerships, in which researchers prioritize institutional input and commit to giving back to their partners and surrounding communities; combining awareness and prevention, in which efforts to raise awareness through institutions are coupled with the development of concrete action plans; and reframing the problem, in which sexual violence or its outcomes are connected with established institutional priorities.

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