Sex Workers and HIV/AIDS in India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Different Types

The risk of HIV infection looms large among male, female, and transgender sex workers in India. Several individual, sociocultural, and structural-environmental factors enhance the risk of HIV infection among sex workers by restricting their ability to engage in safer sexual practices with clients and/or intimate partners. While most HIV prevention programs and research focus on visible groups of women sex workers operating from brothels (Pardasani, 2005) and traditional sex workers, for example, Devadasis (Orchard, 2007); there is a whole subgroup of the sex worker population that remains invisible within HIV prevention programs, such as the male, female, and transgender sex workers operating from non-brothel-based settings. This paper provides an overview of the different types and contexts of sex work prevalent in Indian society, discusses the factors that increase a sex worker’s risk of HIV infection, describes the varied approaches to HIV prevention adopted by the existing HIV prevention programs for sex workers, discusses the limitations of the HIV prevention programs, and concludes with implications for social work practice and education.

Experience of HIV Prevention Interventions among Female Sex Workers in Delhi, India

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadu Nath Singh ◽  
Anand Narayan Malaviya
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Hiv Prevention Interventions

This paper describes the effect of HIV prevention intervention among female sex workers in Delhi. Over a 2-year period we found a marked increase in condom use with little increase in HIV seroprevalence. The prevalence of HIV infection did not increase during the study period (1 positive among 701 in 1988 vs 1 positive in 600 in 1990).

Perception of HIV Prevention Programs Among Ayoreo Sex Workers in Bolivia

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga María López-Entrambasaguas ◽  
Cayetano Fernández-Sola ◽  
José Granero-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Prevention Programs

scholarly journals Programmatic Mapping: Providing Evidence for High Impact HIV Prevention Programs for Female Sex Workers

10.2196/12636 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e12636
Author(s):  
Faran Emmanuel ◽  
Navindra Persaud ◽  
Sharon S Weir ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shajy Isac
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Female Sex

Empowered Criminals

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-100
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Lakkimsetti
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The State ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Aids Policy ◽  
Hiv Aids

“Empowered Criminals” compares the mobilization of sex workers and MSM and gay groups around two separate legal campaigns: the campaign to decriminalize adult consensual same-sex sex (Section 377 activism) and the campaign to stop new amendments to ITPA. Through advocacy and sustained campaigning, sex worker and MSM/kothi groups were able to not only mobilize against these laws but also use their roles in the HIV/AIDS prevention programs to argue that these laws undermined the state’s health mandate. Through protests and lobbying, they were able to gain the crucial support of HIV/AIDS groups as well as the federal Ministry of Health (which is primarily responsible for implementing HIV/AIDS policy). Furthermore, sex workers successfully stalled ITPA amendments in 2007, and LGBTKQHI groups had brief success with the reform of Section 377 in 2009. I argue that despite these successes, sex workers and LGBTKQHI groups still remained “empowered criminals.” They were empowered to make claims on the state based on their shared responsibility in preventing HIV/AIDS, and yet they were still classified as criminals because the laws that criminalize sex acts remain intact.

scholarly journals Integrasi Program Pencegahan HIV/AIDS melalui Transmisi Seksual ke dalam Sistim Kesehatan di Kota Kupang

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amelya Betsalonia Sir
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Health System ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Hiv And Aids

Background: HIV and AIDS prevention efforts in Indonesia could not be denied that it is still influenced by global health initiatives. As global initiatives continue to decline, efforts to integrate HIV and AIDS programs into the framework of the national health system are both challenges and hopes for achieving program effectiveness and sustainability. This study aims to explore how far the integration of HIV transmission program through sexual transmission into the health system contributes to the effectiveness of programs at the Kupang City level. Method: The method used in this research is qualitative analysis with case study design as an effort to understand more deeply the relationship between the integration and effectiveness of AIDS prevention program. In this study the 'case' chosen was HIV prevention programs through sexual transmission for Female Sex Workers. Results: The results of the study showed that in the prevention of HIV transmission programs through sexual transmission as many as five sub-systems of health were partially integrated, including sub-systems of management and regulation, health financing, human resource management, provision of pharmaceuticals and medical devices and sub-systems for community participation management, while the strategic information sub sub-system is not integrated in the health system. The integration of some sub-systems into the health system does not contribute to the effectiveness of the program. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen each sub-systim, especially in regions ranging from regulation, planning and budget including human resources to increase regional independence and not rely on foreign funds for the implementation of HIV prevention programs through sexual transmission, besides that it also increases collaboration with stakeholders. 

scholarly journals An Examination of Twitter Data to Identify Risky Sexual Practices Among Youth and Young Adults in Botswana

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Cornelius ◽  
Anna Kennedy ◽  
Ryan Wesslen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Twitter Users

Botswana has the third highest rate of HIV infection, as well as one of the highest mobile phone density rates in the world. The rate of mobile cell phone adoption has increased three-fold over the past 10 years. Due to HIV infection rates, youth and young adults are the primary target for prevention efforts. One way to improve prevention efforts is to examine how risk reduction messages are disseminated on social media platforms such as Twitter. Thus, to identify key words related to safer sex practices and HIV prevention, we examined three months of Twitter data in Botswana. 1 December 2015, was our kick off date, and we ended data collection on 29 February 2016. To gather the tweets, we searched for HIV-related terms in English and in Setswana. From the 140,240 tweets collected from 251 unique users, 576 contained HIV-related terms. A representative sample of 25 active Twitter users comprised individuals, one government site and 2 organizations. Data revealed that tweets related to HIV prevention and AIDS did not occur more frequently during the month of December when compared to January and February (t = 3.62, p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the numbers of HIV related tweets that occurred from 1 December 2015 to 29 February 2016 (F = 32.1, p > 0.05). The tweets occurred primarily during the morning and evening hours and on Tuesdays followed by Thursdays and Fridays. The least number of tweets occurred on Sunday. The highest number of followers was associated with the Botswana government Twitter site. Twitter analytics was found to be useful in providing insight into information being tweeted regarding risky sexual behaviors.

scholarly journals A thematic analysis of experiences of HIV risks among female sex workers in the Yunnan-Vietnam Chinese border region

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Wilson ◽  
Yuan Yuan Wang ◽  
Runsen Chen ◽  
Ping Cen ◽  
Yuehui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Prevention Strategies

Abstract Background The Yunnan province is located near the “Golden Triangle” border region between China, Myanmar and Thailand, which has the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in China. Female sex workers (FSWs) in the Yunnan province are highly vulnerable to HIV infection. The objective of this study was to examine the experiences of FSWs in the Yunnan to better understand the risk of infection and the potential for transmission of HIV. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted between May 2018 and June 2018 with 20 FSWs recruited in Hekou County, Yunnan Province, China. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes that highlighted increased exposure of FSWs to the risk of HIV infection and transmission. Results The findings showed that FSWs’ primary source for HIV information was gynecologists, with few visiting the local HIV charity Red Ribbon. FSWs reported infrequent visits for check-ups with some seeing a gynecologist once a year. FSWs felt that the onus was on them to prevent STI/HIV infection by using a condom during sex, regardless of their ability to negotiate use. FSWs were also reluctant to see a gynecologists for treatment. Instead, they resorted to douching as a way of preventing HIV/STIs and treating vaginal health problems, such as leucorrhea. Most FSWs worked without the influence of alcohol and drugs. A small number of FSWs reported heroin addiction and injecting drug use. Conclusion The findings suggest a need for innovative HIV prevention strategies among FSWs and their clients in the Chinese border region. Governmental agencies should continue to implement practical strategies in terms of HIV prevention education and condom use through tailored interventions that are localized. Such strategies should include localized tailored interventions that dispel myths about douching as a method of HIV/STI prevention and incorporate a mobile outreach approach, similar to the ‘roadside restaurant’ outreach that has been successful in rural China.

scholarly journals Multilayered Stigma and Vulnerabilities for HIV Infection and Transmission: A Qualitative Study on Male Sex Workers in Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831882388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Yuk-ha Tsang ◽  
Shan Qiao ◽  
Jeffrey S. Wilkinson ◽  
Annis Lai-chu Fung ◽  
Freddy Lipeleke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Male Sex Workers ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Male Sex

Male sex workers are marginalized in most societies due to intersectional stigma between prostitution and homosexuality. In Zimbabwe, a proliferation of male sex workers in major cities such as Harare and Bulawayo has been reported. However, there is a shortage of studies that explore their lives. The current qualitative study aims to describe the practices of sex work, life contexts, and HIV risks and vulnerabilities based on in-depth interviews among 15 male sex workers in Bulawayo. Our studies suggest that the stigma against male sex workers comes from diverse sectors including culture (“homosexuality is un-African, introduced by the Whites”), religion (“same sex is a sin before the God”), law and police (“homosexuality is illegal in Zimbabwe. Engaging in it can send one to prison”), media (“the media is hostile to sex workers particularly men as we are regarded as abnormal and unclean”), and their family (“should they get to know about it, they will disown me”). In this context, male sex workers were excluded from national HIV prevention and treatment programs. They had limited knowledge and many misconceptions about HIV. The stigma and discrimination from health-care providers also discouraged them from health seeking or HIV testing. The non-disclosure to female partners of convenience and sexual relations further increased their vulnerabilities to HIV infection and transmission. Current efforts to address the HIV epidemic should pay attention to male sex workers and tackle the intersecting stigma issues. male sex workers need support and tailored HIV prevention and treatment services to improve their HIV prevention practices, health, and well-being.

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