8. Population pyramids and projections

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Sarah Harper
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Population Pyramid ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Age Pyramid ◽  
Demographic Behaviour ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Bar Graphs

‘Population pyramids and projections’ describes a key concept within demography—the population pyramid. The age pyramid represents the distribution of a population by age and sex. It comprises a pair of bar graphs joined in the centre and traditionally resembling an Egyptian pyramid. The vertical axis records age, with young at the base and old at the top, and the bars coming off the axis to the right represent females and to the left males. The demographic behaviour of individuals is affected by their age, the time period in which they are living, and their shared cohort experience. Different methods of population projections to foresee population futures are also outlined.

'A town built on migration?' Calculating the human capital value of migration to Reading, 1851-1871

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-54
Author(s):  
Daniel James Gooch
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Town ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Capital Value

This article provides an estimate of the human capital value of migration to Reading in the period 1851-1871 to the town's economy. This is determined by estimating total net migration to the town across this period by age and sex and assigning all migrants a value for expected lifetime economic output less expected lifetime consumption costs. The final figures are contextualised by comparison with the value of social overhead capital used to fund significant local infrastructure projects in the same time period and show that, from a human capital perspective, the value of migration to Reading was very significant. This article thus addresses significant historiographical gaps in the study of Victorian labour migration to southern provincial towns and provides an original perspective to studies of the economic value of migration and its role in the growth of such communities.

scholarly journals Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome induced by short-term weight loss: a case series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Tamura ◽  
Tomohiro Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Background Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon condition characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation in the standing or sitting position that improves in the supine position. Case summary We report two cases of POS caused by an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Both cases reported a recent decrease in body weight of more than 10 kg in a short time period. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with agitated saline bubble study revealed and a large amount of contrast bubble through the ASD (Patient 1) or the PFO (Patient 2) from the right atrium to the left atrium in the sitting position. Both patients were diagnosed by the finding of positional dyspnoea and the results of TOE using agitated saline bubble contrast. Discussion Taken together, their presentations suggest that weight loss in a short time period could be a pathogenic factor for POS.

MORPHOMETRIC ANATOMY AND INTRAORGAN TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CORONARY ORIFICES IN HEART OF ADULT HUMAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Андрей Аркадьевич Якимов ◽  
Евгения Германовна Дмитриева
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Sinotubular Junction ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
The Right

Цель - выявить варианты строения и внутриорганной топографии устьев венечных артерий у взрослого человека при разных типах кровоснабжения желудочкового комплекса сердца. Материал и методы. На вскрытых через некоронарные синусы аорты 65 препаратах клапанов аорты взрослых людей изучили положение устьев венечных артерий, штангенциркулем измеряли минимальный и максимальный диаметры каждого устья, определяли их форму по соотношению диаметров. Результаты. Для устьев обеих артерий типичной была округлая, реже овальная форма. В большинстве случаев левая венечная артерия начиналась в центральной трети, правая - в центральной или задней трети «своего» синуса на уровне верхнего края полулунной заслонки или между ним и синотубулярным соединением. Локализация устьев в пределах синусов, на уровне синотубулярного соединения или выше него была редкой для обеих артерий. В 20 % случаев в правом синусе аорты спереди от устья правой венечной артерии имелось устье конусной артерии. Выводы. Типичные и редкие варианты формы правого и левого устьев, варианты их положения по вертикальной оси аорты одинаковы, варианты их положения по горизонтали различны. Зависимость вариантов формы и положения устьев от типа кровоснабжения желудочков сердца не выявлена. Objective - to reveal common and rare variants of the anatomy and intraorganic topography of the coronary orifices in normal hearts of adult human with regard to patterns of cardiac ventricular blood supply. Material and methods. On 65 specimens of aortic valves opened through non-coronary sinus, the minimal and maximal diameters of each orifice were measured with a caliper, the shape of the orifices was determined according to the ratio of the diameters, and the position of the orifices was studied. Results. The orifices of both right and left coronary arteries were mostly found to be round, less frequently oval. In most cases, the left coronary artery arose from the central third and the right artery arose from the central or posterior third of corresponding sinus at the level of the upper edge of the semilunar cusp or between the edge and the sinotubular junction. The localization of the arterial orifice within the sinuses at the level of sinotubular junction or above it was uncommon for the both arteries. In 20 % of cases, the conal artery arose with its own orifice in front of the mouth of the right coronary artery. Conclusions. Typical and rare shapes of the coronary orifices, variants of their position regarding to vertical axis of the aorta are the same, whereas variants of their position in horizontal axis are different. There is no relationship between variants of form of the orifices, position of the orifices and types of blood supply of heart ventricles.

Exodus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Religious Ceremony ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The Right

What makes a "religious" holiday? Does the combination of ritual, culture, and family custom all merge together to create "religion?" Does it even matter if the historical basis for religious stories are false? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the spaceship computer AI wakes up a family in deep space hibernation to give them time to prepare for, and celebrate, Passover. There are many situations unique to being in space that must be overcome; determining the right time period when taking into consideration time dilation, not to mention missing ingredients for traditional foods. Also, they are short two people of the requisite ten and ask the computer AI to "convert" and serve the role of two additional Jewish people. Awkwardly, the computer reminds them that some of their traditional stories are not supported by archeological evidence. This all begs important questions about the complicated weaving of history, faith, culture, and family custom in religious ceremony.

Infant fatality patterns in shared sleep: keys to intervention strategies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1322-1326
Author(s):  
Dorothy Ann Drago ◽  
Carol Pollack-Nelson ◽  
Sarah Beth Newens
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Consumer Product Safety Commission ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Sleep Environment ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Age And Sex

This study examines infant fatalities that occurred while sharing a sleep surface. Fatality data reported to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) during the time period January, 2013 through December, 2017 and involving infants through age 10 months were reviewed. 1,587 Cases were analyzed on the following variables: infant age and sex; sleep environment by product; cause of death; fatality pattern; and breastfeeding, where it was mentioned. 97% Of deaths were due to some form of asphyxia. Adult beds were associated with 78% of shared sleep fatalities, and the primary fatality pattern was overlay (35.4%)/probable overlay (8.8%). Infants <3 months made up 65% of fatalities. The data reflect that bedsharing continues, despite AAP guidelines to the contrary, and that overlay is the primary hazard pattern to be addressed. This paper discusses potential risk reduction strategies that may reduce the potential for overlay fatalities.

Converting Raw Accelerometer Data to Activity Counts Using Open-Source Code: Implementing a MATLAB Code in Python and R, and Comparing the Results to ActiLife

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ruben Brondeel ◽  
Yan Kestens ◽  
Javad Rahimipour Anaraki ◽  
Kevin Stanley ◽  
Benoit Thierry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Closed Source

Background: Closed-source software for processing and analyzing accelerometer data provides little to no information about the algorithms used to transform acceleration data into physical activity indicators. Recently, an algorithm was developed in MATLAB that replicates the frequently used proprietary ActiLife activity counts. The aim of this software profile was (a) to translate the MATLAB algorithm into R and Python and (b) to test the accuracy of the algorithm on free-living data. Methods: As part of the INTErventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team, data were collected from 86 participants in Victoria (Canada). The participants were asked to wear an integrated global positioning system and accelerometer sensor (SenseDoc) for 10 days on the right hip. Raw accelerometer data were processed in ActiLife, MATLAB, R, and Python and compared using Pearson correlation, interclass correlation, and visual inspection. Results: Data were collected for a combined 749 valid days (>10 hr wear time). MATLAB, Python, and R counts per minute on the vertical axis had Pearson correlations with the ActiLife counts per minute of .998, .998, and .999, respectively. All three algorithms overestimated ActiLife counts per minute, some by up to 2.8%. Conclusions: A MATLAB algorithm for deriving ActiLife counts was implemented in R and Python. The different implementations provide similar results to ActiLife counts produced in the closed source software and can, for all practical purposes, be used interchangeably. This opens up possibilities to comparing studies using similar accelerometers from different suppliers, and to using free, open-source software.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Akta Pelepasan Hak Sebagai Alas Hak Untuk Mengajukan Permohonan Peralihan Dan Perubahan Hak Guna Bangunan Yang Jangka Waktunya Telah Berakhir Di Kabupaten Brebes

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Dwi Heny Ratnawati ◽  
Djauhari Djauhari
Keyword(s):  
Legal Research ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Funding Institution ◽  
The Right

AbstrakTujuan utama yang akan dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1) Untuk menganalisis bagaimana pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak sebagai alas hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang jangka waktunya telah berakhir, 2) Untuk menganalisis kelemahan dan solusi pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak sebagai alas hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang jangka waktunya telah berakhir di Kabupaten Brebes.Penelitian ini bersifat Soci-Legal Research dimana dalam penelitian ini akan dipaparkan tentang pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang telah berakhir jangka waktunya. Bersifat analistis, karena terhadap data yang diperoleh itu dilakukan analisis data secara kualitatif.Kesimpulan atas pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak sebagai alas hak untuk mengajukan permohonan peralihan dan perubahan hak guna bangunan yang jangka waktunya telah berakhir yaitu dalam pelaksanaan akta pelepasan hak harus didukung dengan syarat-syarat yang lain disamping identitas pemohon, juga mengenai data yuridis atas tanah yang dimohon yaitu berupa bukti pelunasaan dari pihak bank sebagai lembaga yang membiayai, disamping itu akta pelepasan hak dapat dilaksanakan apabila sudah memenuhi syarat otentitas akta dan syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian yaitu akta pelepasan hak dapat dibuat setelah dikeluarkanya Surat Keterangan Pendaftaran Tanah (SKPT) dari Kantor Pertanahan setempat.Kata kunci : Akta Pelepasan Hak, alas hak, Hak Guna BangunanAbstractThe main objectives to be carried out in this research are as follows: 1) To analyze how the implementation of the deed of disposal of rights as the base of the right to apply for the transition and change of building rights which has expired, 2) To analyze the weaknesses and the implementation of the deed of disposal as a basis for the right to file transitional applications and changes in building rights that have expired in Brebes County.This research is Soci-Legal Research which in this research will be presented about the implementation of the deed of release of the right to apply for the transition and change of the right to the building which has expired the time period. Analytical, because of the data obtained was analyzed data qualitatively.The conclusion of the exercise of the deed of disposal of rights as the base of the right to file the transitional application and the amendment of the rights to the building whose term has expired in the exercise of the deed of disposal shall be supported by other conditions beside the identity of the applicant as well as the juridical data on the requested land in the form of evidence of expulsion from the bank as a funding institution, in addition to the deed of disposal of rights may be exercised if it meets the authentication requirements of the deed and the validity of an agreement that is the deed of release can be made after the issuance of Land Registration Certificate (SKPT) from the local Land Office.Keywords: Deed of Rights Release, pedestal rights, building use rights

Reality from Fantasy

2010 ◽  
pp. 291-310
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Balzac
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Short Time ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Live Action ◽  
Conflicting Goals ◽  
Personal Stake

A major difficulty with teaching ethics is that it is relatively easy for participants to state the “right” thing to do when they have no personal stake in the outcome. One way of dealing with this problem is to teach ethics through engrossing, immersive, predictive scenario games in which players are forced to deal with ethical issues as they arise, where they have a personal stake in the outcome, and where there is not always a clear right answer. Predictive scenario games are a form of serious live-action roleplaying in which participants take on the roles of people involved in complex situations. In these games, knowledge of the game world is distributed among the players through overlapping and conflicting goals, and in which ethical dilemmas emerge naturally, without fanfare, much as they would in the real world. There is a high level of tension between cooperation and competition among the players. This structure creates the opportunity for players to experience the consequences of their own judgment in realistic, ethically fraught situations, to receive feedback, and to engage in constructive discussion, within a relatively short time period.

13 Summary Procedure: (Articles 56 to 64)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jianlong ◽  
Cao Lijun
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Special Procedure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Summary Procedure

This chapter examines the Summary Procedure under the CIETAC Rules, which resembles most expedited procedures of other institutions in that the arbitral procedure is expedited for cases with a relatively small amount in dispute or where the parties agree to the application of the special procedure. While the Summary Procedure can be highly efficient, there is always a tension between the need for efficient and expeditious dispute resolution and the right of parties to present their cases, and failure to afford a party the right to present case could give rise to an application to set aside or resist recognition and enforcement of an award. Articles 56 to 64 of the CIETAC Rules are designed to maintain the balance between efficiency and parties’ right to be heard. These articles set forth special provisions of the Summary Procedure. These special provisions include: the application; notice of arbitration; formation of the arbitral tribunal; defence and counterclaim; conduct of hearing; notice of oral hearing; time period for rendering the award; change of procedure; and context reference.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Elite Athletes Training Management Efficiency Based on Multiple Criteria Measure of Conditioning Using Fewer Data

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Krylovas ◽  
Natalja Kosareva ◽  
Rūta Dadelienė ◽  
Stanislav Dadelo
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Olympic Games

Innovative solutions and techniques in the sports industry are commonly used and tested in real conditions. Elite athletes have to achieve their peak performance before the main competition of the year, which is the World Championship, and every fourth year before the Olympic Games, when the main competition of athletes takes place. The present study aims to analyze and evaluate the ability of elite kayakers to achieve the best form at the right times, with the Olympic Games taking the greatest importance. Target values for multiple measures of conditioning are compared to target values set by experts. A weighted least squares metric with weights varied by time period is developed as a measure of fulfillment of the athletes’ conditioning plans. The novelty of the paper is the idea of using linear combination of polynomials and trigonometric functions for approximating the target functions and application of the proposed methodology for the optimization and evaluation of athletic training.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document