2. The who of creativity

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Vlad Glăveanu
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Creative Person ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses the question of ‘who’ creates. The answer to this question is the person who is creative, but this person is not alone. They create from within a network of relations with others and necessarily use cultural resources, from technology to language. It is thus important to expand the ‘who’ of creativity to include the context of the creative person: collaborators, audiences, gatekeepers, objects, spaces, and, ultimately, culture. And, with this expansion, one needs to consider the creative person as they develop over time, from early childhood into adulthood and old age. The chapter then looks at creativity’s relationship with intelligence, personality, and motivation.

scholarly journals The Double Standard of Aging for Men and Women: Evidence From Across Europe, 2006–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Richard Settersten ◽  
Jack Day ◽  
Gunhild Hagestad
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Cultural Constructions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Is there a “double standard” (i.e., a harsher judgment) in the perceived ages at which women and men reach old age, and have these judgments changed over time? We use European Social Survey data from 23 countries in 2006 and newly released data from 16 of those countries in 2018. In both 2006 and 2018, men typically assign women substantially earlier ages than women themselves do. In some places, however, men also give themselves lower ages than women give them. With respect to when women become old, the differential views of men and women are persistent. So is the fact that women differentiate less between the sexes¬–though men differentiate less in 2018 relative to 2006. We use multilevel modeling to examine variation explained by both individual characteristics and country indicators of demographic and policy contexts. Findings underscore the significance of the double standard in cultural constructions of aging.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Effects of an Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Trial Over Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ming Wen ◽  
Louise A. Baur ◽  
Judy M. Simpson ◽  
Huilan Xu ◽  
Alison J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Prevention Trial ◽  
Childhood Obesity Prevention ◽  
Early Childhood Obesity ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Lifespan Development of Syntactic Ability from Early Childhood to Old Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Yoon ◽  
Hye Yeong Jeong ◽  
YoonKyoung Lee ◽  
Yu-Seop Kim ◽  
Jieun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Lifespan Development

Acute and Long-Term Services for Elementary and Middle School Children With Early Childhood Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2S) ◽  
pp. 908-919
Author(s):  
Jessica Salley ◽  
Libby Crook ◽  
Taylor Iske ◽  
Angela Ciccia ◽  
Jennifer P. Lundine
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Elementary And Middle School ◽  
Specific Education ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of referral to and receipt of acute and long-term services and identify factors that could impact these rates for children who experienced an acquired brain injury (ABI) during early childhood who are now in elementary and middle school. Method This was a retrospective chart review and prospective phone survey of 29 caregivers of children with ABIs. Results Acutely, two thirds of this sample received hospital-based rehabilitation services, but only 44.8% of families reported receiving ABI-specific education or a referral to educational or rehabilitation services at the time of discharge. At an average of 8.5 years postinjury, children in this sample were largely reported to be performing positively in school. While special education rates did not change significantly over time, 20.7% of the sample reported having unmet educational needs. Additionally, service receipt decreased over time. Various injury and educational factors influenced rates of long-term special education and service receipt. Conclusions This study contributes to the emerging literature focusing on long-term outcomes of children with ABI. The results reinforce that children who experience an ABI in early childhood are unlikely to receive ABI-specific education or referrals to educational and rehabilitation services during their acute-care stay and, in the chronic stages of recovery, present with educational and therapy needs that can go unmet. To improve long-term service access for children who experience an early ABI, pathways need to be established within the acute-care setting for education and referrals that connect the child and family to treatment within early intervention and educational systems. Maintaining these pathways long term, particularly for potential social-behavioral and cognitive-communication concerns, could increase access to appropriate services and, thus, decrease unmet needs for children with ABI.

“Until the Day of His Death”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (139) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Henrique Espada Lima
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article examines postmortem inventories and notarial records from Brazilian slaveholders in southern Brazil in the nineteenth century. By discussing selected cases in detail, it investigates the relationship between “precarious masters” (especially the poor and/or disabled, widows without family, and single elderly slaveholding women and men) and their slaves and former slaves to whom they bequeathed, in their testaments and final wills, manumission and property. The article reads these documents as intergenerational contractual arrangements that connected the masters’ expectations for care in illness and old age with the slaves’ and former slaves’ expectations for compensation for their work and dedication. Following these uneven relationships of interdependence and exploitation as they developed over time, the article suggests a reassessment of the role of paternalism in Brazil during the country’s final century of slavery. More than a tool to enforce relations of domination, paternalism articulated with the dynamics of vulnerability and interdependency as they changed over the life courses of both enslaved people and slave owners. This article shows how human aging became a terrain of negotiation and struggle as Brazilian slave society transformed throughout the nineteenth century.

A Younger Brother Inherits a Windfall

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-63
Author(s):  
Michael Szonyi
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

This chapter opens with the story of the Zheng family, whose creative solutions to the challenge of choosing a family member to serve in the army introduces sophisticated strategies through which families in the military system addressed their obligations to provide labor to the army. Their regulatory position was straightforward—the Zheng family had to provide one soldier for military duties—but their actual situation could be complex. The Zheng family developed elaborate strategies to make their obligations more predictable, to reduce their risks, and to distribute the benefits of their registration as widely as possible while minimizing the costs. The chapter explores how families responded to various implications of registration, and how the social implications of the various meanings of registration changed over time. It focuses on the strategies registered households came up with using the organizational and cultural resources they had at their disposal, and how their actions in turn affected that repertoire of resources.

scholarly journals Religion and old age

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRACE DAVIE ◽  
JOHN VINCENT
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Human History ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Over Time

The interconnections between religion and old age are complex; the more so given that the concept of age itself has – for a large part of human history – been determined by religious understandings of life. In traditional societies, religion played a crucial part in structuring the transitions between one stage of the life and the next and in defining maturity and fulfilment. And up to a point it still does: in Western societies at the turn of the millennium the association of religious rituals with key moments in the life course – birth, adolescence, marriage and above all death – remains widespread. Such interconnections change over time, however; they also vary from place to place.

Taboo language awareness in early childhood

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Jay
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Language Awareness ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Taboo Words ◽  
Meaningful Research ◽  
Over Time

This chapter investigates the emergence of English-speaking children’s taboo lexicon (taboo words, swear words, insults, and offensive words) between one and twelve years of age. It describes how the lexicon of taboo words children use shift over time to become more adult-like by age twelve. Less is reported regarding the question of what these taboo words mean to the children who say them. Judgments of ‘good’ words versus ‘bad’ words demonstrate that young children are more likely to judge mild words as bad than older children and adults. The methodological and ethical problems related to research on children’s use of taboo words are outlined as well as suggestions for conducting meaningful research with children in the future.

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