scholarly journals A Review of Terrestrial and Canopy Malaise Traps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Skvarla ◽  
Jonathan L Larson ◽  
J Ray Fisher ◽  
Ashley P G Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Malaise Traps

Abstract Malaise traps are important tools for the large-scale collection of arthropod taxa. Here, an extensive review of the history and literature concerning Malaise and canopy traps is given. This review highlights how trap design and placement can affect trap catch, which will help researchers to make more informed choices when planning research endeavors. Additionally, terrestrial and canopy-style Malaise traps are compared to each other and other types of arthropod traps.

scholarly journals A Survey on Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Ashish Jaiswal ◽  
Ashwin Ramesh Babu ◽  
Mohammad Zaki Zadeh ◽  
Debapriya Banerjee ◽  
Fillia Makedon
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Supervised Methods ◽  
The Cost

Self-supervised learning has gained popularity because of its ability to avoid the cost of annotating large-scale datasets. It is capable of adopting self-defined pseudolabels as supervision and use the learned representations for several downstream tasks. Specifically, contrastive learning has recently become a dominant component in self-supervised learning for computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), and other domains. It aims at embedding augmented versions of the same sample close to each other while trying to push away embeddings from different samples. This paper provides an extensive review of self-supervised methods that follow the contrastive approach. The work explains commonly used pretext tasks in a contrastive learning setup, followed by different architectures that have been proposed so far. Next, we present a performance comparison of different methods for multiple downstream tasks such as image classification, object detection, and action recognition. Finally, we conclude with the limitations of the current methods and the need for further techniques and future directions to make meaningful progress.

Theoretical Foundations for Cyber-Physical Systems: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a kind of large-scale and networked system that has drawn much attention in academia recently. Existing studies provide the extent for CPS research, but a systematic and extensive review of recent research on CPS is missing. Accordingly, this paper reviews 83 papers regarding theoretical foundations for CPS from 2012 to 2017 in the Scopus database aiming to provide scholars and practitioners with a comprehensive overview. The selected papers are grouped into 10 research categories. The contents of the papers in each research category are summarized. The challenges and research trends are illustrated as well.

scholarly journals Recruiting Participants into Pilot Trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney P. Joseph ◽  
Colleen Keller ◽  
Barbara E. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Study Participants

Limited research has focused on recruitment strategies for health promotion researchers conducting smallscale pilot studies. Such research is important because small studies often have limited funding streams and personnel resources. Accordingly, many techniques implemented by large-scale studies are of limited use to smaller research projects. This article provides an overview effective participant recruitment techniques for pilot studies with limited funds and personnel resources. Recruitment techniques were derived from the first author’s experience in recruiting participants during his doctoral and postdoctoral studies, the over 25 years of research experience of each of the co-authors, and an extensive review of the literature. Five key recruitment techniques are discussed: 1) leverage existing social networks and personal contacts, 2) identify and foster collaborations with community gatekeepers, 3) develop a comprehensive list of potential recruitment platforms and venues, 4) create recruitment materials that succinctly describe the purpose of the study, and 5) build respectful and trusting relationships with potential participants. Implementation of the proposed techniques can lead to enhanced recruitment, as well as retention among study participants.

EFFECTIVENESS OF MALAISE TRAPS IN COLLECTING HYMENOPTERA: THE INFLUENCE OF TRAP DESIGN, MESH SIZE, AND LOCATION

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christopher Darling ◽  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Coarse Mesh ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Pan Traps ◽  
Malaise Traps

AbstractThe influence of various aspects of Malaise trap design on efficiency in collecting various groups of Hymenoptera was compared using commercially available traps. The influence of fine and coarse mesh sizes and the importance of the incorporation of pan traps into the design were evaluated in two sampling periods in an old dune community at Pinery Provincial Park in southern Ontario. Numbers of individuals collected in Malaise trap heads and pan traps were presented for each paired comparison of mesh size (fine and coarse) and location (top and bottom of a hill) for various families of Hymenoptera. A graphical analysis of the normalized catch data for more inclusive groupings, viz. Symphyta, Aculeata, Ichneumonoidea, and microhymenoptera, was presented. The major results of these comparisons were as follows: (1) pan traps were an important component of efficient Malaise traps, especially for Aculeata and microhymenoptera; (2) coarse mesh was more effective in collecting Aculeata; (3) coarse and fine mesh were both effective in collecting Ichneumonoidea; and (4) fine mesh was more effective in collecting microhymenoptera. There was an interaction effect between the type of trap used and groups collected and it was not possible to maximize simultaneously the collection of all groups of Hymenoptera. The use of various mesh types and a trap design that incorporates pan traps was recommended.

scholarly journals Extensive sampling reveals the phenology and habitat use of Afrotropical parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 190913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapani Hopkins ◽  
Heikki Roininen ◽  
Ilari E. Sääksjärvi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
First Results ◽  
Malaise Traps

Tropical invertebrates, such as the ichneumonids of tropical forests, are poorly known. Here, we report the first results of extensive sampling at Kibale National Park, Uganda, by providing some of the first tropical ecological data for the ichneumonid subfamily Rhyssinae. We sampled ichneumonids with 34 Malaise traps for a year in 10 sites, in habitats ranging from primary forest to farmland. We also gathered weather and vegetation data. The total sampling effort was 373 trap months and we caught 444 rhyssines in six species. We caught the most rhyssines in dry weather, and towards the end of the sampling year. The rhyssines showed a clear preference for decaying logs and for primary forest. We fitted a model which can be used to predict future catches at the site, and draw conclusions on when rhyssines emerge and on their adult lifespan. Sampling extensively gave us a wealth of ecological data on a poorly known parasitoid wasp subfamily. We recommend that future tropical sampling collect ecological data, and that existing data from previous large-scale surveys be used for ecological analyses.

Escaping the minimalist trap: design and implementation of large-scale biodiversity corridors

2010 ◽  
pp. 620-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Sanderson ◽  
Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca ◽  
Carlos Galindo-Leal ◽  
Keith Alger ◽  
Victor Hugo Inchausty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Design And Implementation

A Guide to Manuscripts relating to America in Great Britain and Ireland

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
B. R. Crick ◽  
Miriam Alman
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
American History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Information Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
British Association ◽  
Full Time ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Library Resources

This bibliographical work has become so important and so standard a tool internationally for scholars working in American history and literature that one recognizes with some surprise the passage of fifteen years since its original publication and an even longer period since its compilation. It was the first large-scale project undertaken by the young British Association for American Studies which was only in the third year of its existence when the work began. With a munificent grant from the United States Information Service and under the general supervision of H. L. Beales, as many as five full-time researchers were engaged on it in its final stages and a great deal of part-time assistance was also available. Two useful by-products to appear before the Guide were ‘ A Survey of Library Resources in the United Kingdom for the Teaching of American History and Literature in the Universities ’ in the Journal of Documentation, 14 (1958), 103–18, and the ‘ Union List of American Newspapers in Great Britain and Ireland ’ edited by B. R. Crick and Ann Daltrop and issued in October 1958. The latter was brought up to date two years ago and reissued as ‘ American Newspaper Holdings in British and American Libraries ’; it was edited by D. K. Adams and produced for the British Association for American Studies by the David Bruce Centre for American Studies in the University of Keele.

scholarly journals The Mt Halimun-Salak Malaise Trap project - releasing the most species rich DNA Barcode library for Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Cancian de Araujo ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Olga Schmidt ◽  
Thomas von Rintelen ◽  
Rosichon Ubaidillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Good Picture ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Malaise Traps

The Indonesian archipelago features an extraordinarily rich biota. However, the actual taxonomic inventory of the archipelago remains highly incomplete and there is hardly any significant taxonomic activity that utilises recent technological advances. The IndoBioSys project was established as a biodiversity information system aiming at, amongst other goals, creating inventories of the Indonesian entomofauna using DNA barcoding. Here, we release the first large scale assessment of the megadiverse insect groups that occur in the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystem in West Java, with a focus on Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera collected with Malaise traps. From September 2015 until April 2016, 34 Malaise traps were placed in different localities in the south-eastern part of the Halimun-Salak National Park. A total of 4,531 specimens were processed for DNA barcoding and in total, 2,382 individuals produced barcode compliant records, representing 1,195 exclusive BINs or putative species in 98 insect families. A total of 1,149 BINs were new to BOLD. Of 1,195 BINs detected, 804 BINs were singletons and more than 90% of the BINs incorporated less than five specimens. The astonishing heterogeneity of BINs, as high as 1.1 exclusive BIN per specimen of Diptera successfully processed, shows that the cost/benefit relationship of the discovery of new species in those areas is very low. In four genera of Chalcidoidea, a superfamily of the Hymenoptera, the number of discovered species was higher than the number of species known from Indonesia, suggesting that our samples contain many species that are new to science. Those numbers shows how fast molecular pipelines contribute substantially to the objective inventorying of the fauna giving us a good picture of how potentially diverse tropical areas might be.

scholarly journals Modification of a Pollen Trap Design To Capture Airborne Conidia of Entomophaga maimaiga and Detection of Conidia by Quantitative PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya D. Bittner ◽  
Ann E. Hajek ◽  
Andrew M. Liebhold ◽  
Harold Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entomophaga Maimaiga ◽  
Airborne Conidia

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to develop effective and practical field sampling methods for quantification of aerial deposition of airborne conidia of Entomophaga maimaiga over space and time. This important fungal pathogen is a major cause of larval death in invasive gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations in the United States. Airborne conidia of this pathogen are relatively large (similar in size to pollen), with unusual characteristics, and require specialized methods for collection and quantification. Initially, dry sampling (settling of spores from the air onto a dry surface) was used to confirm the detectability of E. maimaiga at field sites with L. dispar deaths caused by E. maimaiga, using quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods. We then measured the signal degradation of conidial DNA on dry surfaces under field conditions, ultimately rejecting dry sampling as a reliable method due to rapid DNA degradation. We modified a chamber-style trap commonly used in palynology to capture settling spores in buffer. We tested this wet-trapping method in a large-scale (137-km) spore-trapping survey across gypsy moth outbreak regions in Pennsylvania undergoing epizootics, in the summer of 2016. Using 4-day collection periods during the period of late instar and pupal development, we detected variable amounts of target DNA settling from the air. The amounts declined over the season and with distance from the nearest defoliated area, indicating airborne spore dispersal from outbreak areas. IMPORTANCE We report on a method for trapping and quantifying airborne spores of Entomophaga maimaiga, an important fungal pathogen affecting gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations. This method can be used to track dispersal of E. maimaiga from epizootic areas and ultimately to provide critical understanding of the spatial dynamics of gypsy moth-pathogen interactions.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

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