A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal-weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue

Childhood obesity is a complex health problem, and not many studies have been done on adipose tissue remodeling in early childhood. The aim of this study was to examine extracellular matrix remodeling in the adipose tissue of healthy male children depending on their weight status. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was obtained from 45 otherwise healthy male children who underwent elective surgery for hernia repairs or orchidopexy. The children were divided into overweight/obese (n = 17) or normal weight groups (n = 28) depending on their body mass index (BMI) z-score. Serum was obtained for glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) measurements. Sections of adipose tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the adipocytes’ surface area, and Masson’s trichrome stain was used to detect the adipocytes’ collagen content. Immunohistochemistry for CD163+ cells was also performed. The results showed that male children in the overweight group had higher serum triglyceride levels, greater adipocyte surface area and collagen content in their subcutaneous adipose tissue, more crown-like structures in fat tissues, and more CD163+ cells in their visceral adipose tissue than males in the normal weight group. In conclusion, in male children, obesity can lead to the hypertrophy of adipocytes, increased collagen deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissues, and changes in the polarization and accumulation of macrophages.

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Overexpression of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Human Visceral Adipose Tissue in Normal and Overweight Subjects

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02257-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 381-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

G. Giacchetti ◽

E. Faloia ◽

B. Mariniello ◽

C. Sardu ◽

C. Gatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Overweight Subjects

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Morbidly Obese and Normal Weight Chinese Women

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2019/2302753 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Chen Shang ◽

Wei Sun ◽

Chunlin Wang ◽

Xiangqing Wang ◽

Huijuan Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽

Fiber Deposition ◽

Visceral Adipose

Objective. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a central role in the balance of energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentially expressed proteins in VAT between morbidly obese (BMI >35 kg/m2) and normal weight Chinese women. Method. Nine morbidly obese women and 8 normal weight women as controls were enrolled. Abdominal VAT was excised and analyzed by label-free one-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (1D-LC-MS/MS). Differentially expressed VAT proteins were further analyzed with Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Masson’s trichrome staining and CD68 immunohistochemical staining of VAT were conducted in all subjects. Result. A total of 124 differentially expressed proteins were found with a ≥2-fold difference. Forty-one proteins were upregulated, and 83 proteins were downregulated in obese individuals. These altered VAT proteins were involved in the attenuation of the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) signaling pathway and the activation of the acute-phase response process. Three proteins (ACSL1, HADH, and UCHL1) were validated by western blotting using the same set of VAT samples from 6 morbidly obese and 7 normal weight patients, and the results indicated that the magnitude and direction of the protein changes were in accordance with the proteomic analysis. Masson’s trichrome staining and CD68 immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that there was much more collagen fiber deposition and CD68-positive macrophages in the VAT of morbidly obese patients, suggesting extensive fiber deposition and macrophage infiltration. Conclusion. A number of differentially expressed proteins were identified in VAT between morbidly obese and normal weight Chinese females. These differential proteins could be potential candidates in addressing the role of VAT in the development of obesity.

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n‐6 Fatty Acids Instead of n‐3 and Saturated Fatty Acids Correlate with Body Fat Distribution From Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue to Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy and Overweight Subjects

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb262 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Jingjing Jiao ◽

Shankuan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose ◽

Overweight Subjects

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Uroven' visfatina syvorotki krovi i ekspressiyagena visfatina (PBEF1) v podkozhnoyi vistseral'noy zhirovoy tkani u detey

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/2071-8713-5083 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

A V Kosygina ◽

V V Sosunov ◽

V A Peterkova ◽

I I Dedov

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Overweight Group ◽

Normal Body Weight ◽

Visceral Adipose

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of visfatin - PBEF1 - gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and serum levels of visfatin in children with relation to age and anthropometric parameters. The study included 52 patients (27 boys (52%), 25 girls (48%) aged from 2,5 to 18 years (13,8 [7,4-15,1] years)), who underwent an elective surgical intervention. PBEF1 mRNA level was measured by real-time PCR and serum level of visfatin was quantified by immunoenzyme assay. According to our study visfatin serum concentration in children with normal body weight was 9,2 [7,4-11,6] ng/ml, whereas in the overweight group - 9,5 [7,5-11,1] ng/ml (p=0,5). No statistically significant gender difference in serum visfatin levels was observed. No correlation between visfatin levels and age, pubertal stages and anthropometric indices in children was found. Statistically significant differences in the level of gene expression between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were found (р=0,002) in the total group of children surveyed and children with normal weight, while there were no depot-specific differences in overweight children. The study did not reveal any dependence of PBEF1 expression on age and sex of children. Expression of PBEF1 in adipose tissue decreases with puberty (PBEF1VATγ=-0,24, р=0,02; PBEF1SATγ=-0,25, р=0,02). PBEF1 expression in adipose tissue was not correlated with the serum visfatin (R=-0,06, р=0,6).

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Accuracy of Longitudinal Assessment of Visceral Adipose Tissue by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Children with Obesity

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2019/2193723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katrin A. Dias ◽

Joyce S. Ramos ◽

Matthew P. Wallen ◽

Peter S. W. Davies ◽

Peter A. Cain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

X Ray ◽

Visceral Adipose

Background. Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Accurate quantification of VAT is available through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which incurs a significant financial and time burden. We aimed to assess the accuracy of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry- (DXA-) derived VAT (DXA-VAT) against a gold standard MRI protocol (MRI-VAT) in children with normal weight and obesity cross-sectionally, and over the course of a lifestyle intervention. Methodology. MRI-VAT and DXA-VAT were quantified in 61 children (30 normal weight and 31 with obesity) at baseline. Children with obesity entered a three-month exercise and/or nutrition intervention after which VAT was reassessed. MRI- and DXA-VAT cross-sectional area, volume, and mass were quantified, and associations were calculated at baseline (n = 61) and pre-post intervention (n = 28, 3 participants dropped out). Method agreement was assessed through Bland–Altman analysis, linear regression, and Passing–Bablok regression. Results. At baseline, all DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes were strongly associated (r = 0.90, P<0.001). However, there were no significant associations between absolute or relative change in DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes (r = 0.25–0.36, P>0.05). DXA significantly overestimated VAT CSA (cross-sectional area), volume, and mass when compared with MRI (P<0.001) at baseline. Significant proportional bias was observed for all DXA-VAT outcomes at baseline and for relative longitudinal changes in DXA-VAT. Conclusions. Although DXA-VAT outcomes were strongly associated with MRI-VAT outcomes at baseline, estimates were subject to proportional bias in children with obesity and normal weight. DXA lacks validity for detecting changes in VAT among children with obesity. This trial is registered with NCT01991106.

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Medically Supervised, Water-Only Fasting Followed by a Whole-Plant-Food Diet Reduces Visceral Adipose Tissue

International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention ◽

10.22230/ijdrp.2021v3n2a267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Matthieu Bonjour ◽

Sahmla Gabriel ◽

Alan C Goldhamer ◽

Toshia R Myers

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Case Series ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Plant Food ◽

Obese People ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Total Fat ◽

Total Body Composition ◽

Visceral Adipose

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Normal weight, overweight, and obese people can all be overfat with visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In this case series, we describe the total body composition of three male patients with excess VAT after undergoing prolonged medically supervised water-only fasting followed by an exclusively whole-plant-food diet free of added salt, oil, and sugar. All patients lost a substantially higher percentage of VAT mass than total fat mass. These clinical observations warrant further observation into the efficacy of fasting and diet to reduce VAT.

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