scholarly journals Early Childhood Fat Tissue Changes—Adipocyte Morphometry, Collagen Deposition, and Expression of CD163+ Cells in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue of Male Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3627
Author(s):  
Robert Mujkić ◽  
Darija Šnajder Mujkić ◽  
Ivana Ilić ◽  
Edi Rođak ◽  
Antun Šumanovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Childhood obesity is a complex health problem, and not many studies have been done on adipose tissue remodeling in early childhood. The aim of this study was to examine extracellular matrix remodeling in the adipose tissue of healthy male children depending on their weight status. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was obtained from 45 otherwise healthy male children who underwent elective surgery for hernia repairs or orchidopexy. The children were divided into overweight/obese (n = 17) or normal weight groups (n = 28) depending on their body mass index (BMI) z-score. Serum was obtained for glucose, testosterone, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) measurements. Sections of adipose tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to determine the adipocytes’ surface area, and Masson’s trichrome stain was used to detect the adipocytes’ collagen content. Immunohistochemistry for CD163+ cells was also performed. The results showed that male children in the overweight group had higher serum triglyceride levels, greater adipocyte surface area and collagen content in their subcutaneous adipose tissue, more crown-like structures in fat tissues, and more CD163+ cells in their visceral adipose tissue than males in the normal weight group. In conclusion, in male children, obesity can lead to the hypertrophy of adipocytes, increased collagen deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissues, and changes in the polarization and accumulation of macrophages.

Abstract 17843: Visceral Adipose Tissue Secretion of Adiponectin Decreases with Increased Body Mass Index

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore R Rengel ◽  
Brittaney Obi ◽  
Jon Gould ◽  
Matthew Goldblatt ◽  
Andrew Kastenmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: Peripheral adiposity is associated with better metabolic health and higher plasma adiponectin (ADPN) levels. Since ADPN is secreted mainly by adipose tissue (AT), it is intriguing that higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with lower ADPN levels and poor metabolic health. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that various AT depots differ in their ability to secrete ADPN. Methods: Paired AT samples (VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)) were collected from 19 subjects (10 women, 15 obese) undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The samples were cultured and the supernatant was collected after 24 hours. ADPN levels released into the supernatant from VAT and SAT were measured using multiplex methods. Subjects were defined as obese or non-obese (NO) based on BMI > or ≤ 30kg/m2 respectively. Obese subjects were further classified as metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) or metabolically healthy obese (MHO) based on presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease at the time of surgery. Results: Mean ADPN secretion levels from SAT and VAT were similar in NO subjects (17.3 ± 3.4 vs. 9.8 ± 13.0 ng/mL/mg, p=0.5) whereas the mean ADPN secretion was lower from VAT among obese subjects (15.9 ± 0.8 vs. 4.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL/mg, p=0.0002). ADPN secretion decreased from VAT (r=-0.16) and increased from SAT (r=0.33) with increased BMI (Fig.1). When MHO and MUO were compared, ADPN secretion from VAT in MHO was reduced only slightly (16.1 ± 8.2 vs. 4.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL/mg, p=0.07) whereas ADPN secretion was significantly reduced in MUO (15.9 ± 5.3 vs. 4.7 ± 4.6 ng/mL/mg, p=0.003). Conclusions: Reduced ADPN secretion from VAT in subjects with increasing BMI may explain lower circulating ADPN levels in obese individuals. Higher ADPN production from SAT and the relatively preserved secretion of ADPN from VAT may explain metabolic health in some obese individuals. Futures studies will help identify factors that control ADPN secretion from AT.

scholarly journals Distinct infrastructure of lipid networks in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in overweight humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-990
Author(s):  
Anish Zacharia ◽  
Daniel Saidemberg ◽  
Chanchal Thomas Mannully ◽  
Natalya M Kogan ◽  
Alaa Shehadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ABSTRACT Background Adipose tissue plays important roles in health and disease. Given the unique association of visceral adipose tissue with obesity-related metabolic diseases, the distribution of lipids between the major fat depots located in subcutaneous and visceral regions may shed new light on adipose tissue–specific roles in systemic metabolic perturbations. Objective We sought to characterize the lipid networks and unveil differences in the metabolic infrastructure of the 2 adipose tissues that may have functional and nutritional implications. Methods Paired visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained from 17 overweight patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Ultra-performance LC-MS was used to measure 18,640 adipose-derived features; 520 were putatively identified. A stem cell model for adipogenesis was used to study the functional implications of the differences found. Results Our analyses resulted in detailed lipid metabolic maps of the 2 major adipose tissues. They point to a higher accumulation of phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols, although lower ceramide concentrations, in subcutaneous tissue. The degree of unsaturation was lower in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) phospholipids, indicating lower unsaturated fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue. The differential abundance of phosphatidylcholines we found can be attributed at least partially to higher expression of phosphatidylethanolamine methyl transferase (PEMT). PEMT-deficient embryonic stem cells showed a dramatic decrease in adipogenesis, and the resulting adipocytes exhibited lower accumulation of lipid droplets, in line with the lower concentrations of glycerolipids in VAT. Ceramides may inhibit the expression of PEMT by increased insulin resistance, thus potentially suggesting a functional pathway that integrates ceramide, PEMT, and glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways. Conclusions Our work unveils differential infrastructure of the lipid networks in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and suggests an integrative pathway, with a discriminative flux between adipose tissues.

scholarly journals Midregional Proadrenomedullin Can Reflect the Accumulation of Visceral Adipose Tissue—A Key to Explaining the Obesity Paradox

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhide Koyama ◽  
Nagato Kuriyama ◽  
Ritei Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) reflected body composition, such as body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), VAT/SAT ratio, body fat mass (BFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Methods: A total of 2244 individuals (727 men and 1517 women) were included in the study. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the combined influence of variables: age, daily alcohol consumption, Brinkman index, sleeping time, metabolic equivalents, anamnesis for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and body composition of MR-proADM, by using a stepwise forward selection method. Results: MR-proADM was significantly related to all anthropometric indices (BMI, VAT, SAT, VAT/SAT ratio, BFM, and SMM) in men and women. On the basis of a stepwise forward selection method, VAT (men: beta = 0.184, p < 0.001, women: beta = 0.203, p < 0.001) and BFM (beta = 0.181, p < 0.001) in women, were found to be significantly associated with MR-proADM. Conclusion: This study suggests that plasma MR-proADM concentration is a more reliable indicator of VAT for fat distribution, and thus, MR-proADM may help better understand the obesity paradox. Changes in circulating levels of MR-proADM could possibly reflect changes in body composition, endocrine, and metabolic milieu.

Regional Variation in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Adipose Tissue from Obese Individuals

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (04) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Van Harmelen ◽  
Johan Hoffstedt ◽  
Per Lundquist ◽  
Hubert Vidal ◽  
Veronika Stemme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryHigh plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity is a frequent finding in obesity and adipose tissue has recently been suggested to be a source of circulating PAI-1 in humans. In the present study, differences in adipose tissue gene expression and protein secretion rate of PAI-1 between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was analysed in specimens obtained from 22 obese individuals. The secretion rate of PAI-1 was two-fold higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue than in visceral adipose tissue (292 ± 50 vs 138 ± 24 ng PAI-1/107 cells, P <0.05). In accordance with the secretion data, subcutaneous adipose tissue contained about three-fold higher levels of PAI-1 mRNA than visceral adipose tissue (2.43 ± 0.37 vs 0.81 ± 0.12 attomole PAI-1 mRNA/µg total RNA, P <0.001). PAI-1 secretion from subcutaneous but not from visceral adipose tissue correlated significantly with cell size (r = 0.43, P <0.05). In summary, subcutaneous adipose tissue secreted greater amounts of PAI-1 and had a higher PAI-1 gene expression than visceral adipose tissue from the same obese individuals. Bearing in mind that subcutaneous adipose tissue is the largest fat depot these finding may be important for the coagulation abnormalities associated with obesity.

The levels of adipocyte protein, a transporter of fatty acids, and adiponectin in the adolescents presenting with obesity and their relationship with the distribution of the adipose tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
P L Okorokov ◽  
O V Vasyukova ◽  
A V Vorontsov ◽  
A V Ilyin ◽  
V P Vladimirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Serum Adiponectin Level ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

This study included 130 patients at the age of 14-17 years presenting with constitutional exogenous obesity (CEO) and 24 children without obesity (controls). The levels of adipocyte protein, a transporter of fatty acids (FABP4), in the sera of the adolescents with CEO were significantly higher than in the absence of obesity. They did not depend on the stage of puberty and differed in the children of different sex. The serum adiponectin level in the boys showed negative correlation with the amount of visceral adipose tissue and decreased progressively with the increase in the degree of obesity. The rise in the serum FABP4 level in the girls was associated with the increase in the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue and positively correlated with the severity of obesity. Visceral obesity in the adolescents was accompanied by a variety of metabolic disorders while changes in the waist circumference did not reflect dynamics in the amount of visceral adipose tissue.

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