scholarly journals Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Raben ◽  
Tatjana H Vasilaras ◽  
A Christina Møller ◽  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Overweight Subjects

ACCELERATION OF ANNUAL HIBERNATING CYCLE TO 6 WEEKS IN CAPTIVE DORMICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mrosovsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Glis Glis ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cycles of food intake and body weight lasting a few weeks occurred in dormice, Glis glis, kept in the laboratory in relatively constant conditions of temperature (about 25 °C) and photoperiod (about 12 hours light–dark schedule). These fluctuations appeared to be more marked in the winter months. Periods of reduced eating were associated with low body temperatures and lethargy. The frequent disturbance and arousal of the animals was probably an important factor in these short hibernating cycles. The influence of variation of the diet on body weight of dormice is described. Animals kept on ad libitum supplies of sunflower seed became obese and remained so for many months.

scholarly journals The effect of artificial sweeteners on body weight of mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyad Ali ◽  
Naser Shraim ◽  
Wafaa’ Atrash ◽  
Aisha Sirafi ◽  
Huda Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes

Artificial Sweeteners (AS) are synthetic sugar substitutes that have sweetening potency hundreds of times more than the table sugar (sucrose). Artificial sweeteners are regarded as attractive alternatives to sugar as they add no calories to food intake. There are many hypotheses suggesting that AS may enhance appetite and cause weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AS on food intake, fluid intake and body weight of mice. Acceptable daily intakes of AS solutions were administered orally to different set of mice for four weeks. The body weight, food consumption and fluid intake were measured. At the same time, the effect of Zingiber officinale extracts (natural appetite suppressor), Thymus vulgaris extracts (natural appetite inducer) and cyproheptadine (an appetite stimulant drug) on body weight of mice was evaluated. Artificial sweeteners consumption cause insignificant changes in body weight (p>0.05). However, the mean consumption of food and solutions varies significantly for some groups. The consumption of AS has no significant effect on body weight and may contribute to weight maintenance and energy balance as substitutes to high caloric sugar

scholarly journals Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks on 24-h Circulating Leptin Profiles, Ad Libitum Food Intake and Body Weight in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree M. Sigala ◽  
Adrianne M. Widaman ◽  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (Δ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131; BMI 18–35 kg/m2; 18–40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23–28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The Δbody weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p < 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (−4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (−14 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0; p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The Δad libitum food intake and Δbody weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB.

Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R616-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
F. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of differences in meal frequency on body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were studied in mildly food-restricted male rats. Two groups were fed approximately 80% of usual food intake (as periodically determined in a group of ad libitum fed controls) for 131 days. One group received all of its food in 2 meals/day and the other received all of its food in 10-12 meals/day. The two groups did not differ in food intake, body weight, body composition, food efficiency (carcass energy gain per amount of food eaten), or energy expenditure at any time during the study. Both food-restricted groups had a lower food intake, body weight gain, and energy expenditure than a group of ad libitum-fed controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that amount of food eaten, but not the pattern with which it is ingested, has a major influence on energy balance during mild food restriction.

Effects of Oatmeal and Corn Flakes Cereal Breakfasts on Satiety, Gastric Emptying, Glucose, and Appetite-Related Hormones

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Geliebter ◽  
Charlotte L. Grillot ◽  
Roni Aviram-Friedman ◽  
Sakeena Haq ◽  
Eric Yahav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Corn Flakes ◽  
Overweight Subjects ◽  
Fiber Cereal

Objective: The extent to which different types of breakfasts affect appetite and food intake is unclear. To assess the satiety effects of a high-fiber cereal, we compared oatmeal, isocaloric corn flakes, and water. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-six subjects (18 lean, 18 overweight) were assigned to three conditions in a randomized sequence on different days. Ratings of hunger and fullness were obtained concurrently with blood samples for measuring concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, leptin, and acetaminophen (gastric emptying tracer). Appetite was assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) for fullness and hunger, and by measuring food intake of an ad libitum lunch meal at 180 min. Results: Lunch meal intake was lowest after consuming oatmeal (p < 0.00001), which was lower for overweight subjects than lean subjects (p = 0.007). Fullness AUC was greatest (p = 0.00001), and hunger AUC lowest (p < 0.001) after consuming oatmeal. At 180 min, blood glucose was lowest after the corn flakes (p = 0.0001). Insulin AUC was greater for both cereals than water (p < 0.00001). Leptin AUC and glucagon AUC values did not differ between conditions. Acetaminophen concentrations peaked latest after consuming oatmeal (p = 0.046), reflecting slower gastric emptying. Conclusions: Satiety was greater and ad libitum test meal intake lower after consuming oatmeal than after corn flakes, especially in the overweight subjects.

scholarly journals Repeated Intracerebroventricular Administration of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(7–36) Amide or Exendin-(9–39) Alters Body Weight in the Rat**This work was supported by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council.

Endocrinology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Meeran ◽  
Donal O’Shea ◽  
C. Mark B. Edwards ◽  
Mandy D. Turton ◽  
Melanie M. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Central nervous system glucagon-like peptide-1-(7–36) amide (GLP-1) administration has been reported to acutely reduce food intake in the rat. We here report that repeated intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of GLP-1 or the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin-(9–39), affects food intake and body weight. Daily icv injection of 3 nmol GLP-1 to schedule-fed rats for 6 days caused a reduction in food intake and a decrease in body weight of 16 ± 5 g (P &lt; 0.02 compared with saline-injected controls). Daily icv administration of 30 nmol exendin-(9–39) to schedule-fed rats for 3 days caused an increase in food intake and increased body weight by 7 ± 2 g (P &lt; 0.02 compared with saline-injected controls). Twice daily icv injections of 30 nmol exendin-(9–39) with 2.4 nmol neuropeptide Y to ad libitum-fed rats for 8 days increased food intake and increased body weight by 28 ± 4 g compared with 14 ± 3 g in neuropeptide Y-injected controls (P &lt; 0.02). There was no evidence of tachyphylaxis in response to icv GLP-1 or exendin-(9–39). GLP-1 may thus be involved in the regulation of body weight in the rat.

Changes in the food intake and body weight of protein-malnourished rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
D. E. Walters ◽  
Susan Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe daily food intake and related changes in body weight were measured in young rats which were fed on synthetic diets containing 1% (3 experiments), 2% (4 experiments) and 20% (1 experiment) casein respectively. Some rats were infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and allowed to feed ad libitum, some remained uninfected and were allowed to feed ad libitum while others, which were matched by initial weight with rats from the infected group, remained uninfected and were given only the same amount of food as that consumed during the previous 24 h by their infected partners. No significant differences were detected between the rats before the start of the infection. Thereafter, the food intake of the infected undernourished rats was usually found to be significantly lower and the loss of body weight significantly greater than those of the uninfected rats. In infection periods of relatively long duration, the pair-fed uninfected rats did not lose as much weight as their infected partners even though their food intake (1% and 2% casein) was the same. Although the food intake, and consequently the weight, of infected rats fed on the diet containing 20% casein were significantly less than in their uninfected partners, no significant differences were observed between the weights of the infected and pair-fed rats fed on this diet.

Inter-age correlations of body weight, weight gain and food intake within and between breeds of cattle

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Average Daily Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Range

ABSTRACTIn a multibreed experiment, 292 heifers from 25 British cattle breeds were fed a standard pelleted diet ad libitum from 12 to 72 weeks of age. Inter-age correlations involving body weight, weight gain, average daily food intake and cumulated food intake were measured across traits at the same age and within and across traits at ages separated by an interval of 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. Within-breed correlations were phenotypic but between-breed correlations were genetic.The between-breed inter-age correlations involving body weight, cumulated intake and average daily intake were all very high (range 104 to 0·94) and declined only gradually as the intervening age interval increased from 12 to 48 weeks. Inter-age correlations involving weight gain were lower but usually above 0·7. The within-breed correlations by contrast were invariably lower and declined much more rapidly as the age interval increased. Although the between-breed and within-breed correlations differed in magnitude there was a similarity in their overall pattern.For breed samples, body weight at young ages provided very accurate rankings at later ages for body weight, cumulated intake and average daily intake. Body weight was almost as reliable as food intake itself for predicting cumulated intake.For individuals within breeds predicted rankings at later ages were not very accurate for body weight or cumulated intake and they became worse as the age interval increased. Neither weight gain nor average daily intake could be predicted with any reliability.Inter-age correlations while dependant on age interval did not depend on age itself in the case of body weight and cumulated intake, although they were age-dependant for weight gain and to a lesser extent for average daily intake. Reciprocal correlations between body weight and cumulated intake were very symmetrical whereas those involving weight gain and daily intake were asymmetrical.

"Metabolic Memory": Effect of Antecedent Dietary Manipulations on Subsequent Diet-Induced Response of Rats. I. Effects on Body Weight, Food Intakes, Glueose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, and Malic Enzyme

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1604-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Szepesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Ad Libitum

Starvation followed by refeeding a 65% glucose diet led to elevated levels of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activity. A second starve–refeed episode led to even greater enzyme responses. Food intake and body weight gain were increased by one, and further increased by a second, starve–refeed episode. Prefeeding a 65% fructose or sucrose diet ad libitum (which results in elevated enzyme levels comparable with the effect of one starve–refeed episode) was not accompanied by increased food intake or body-weight gain, nor did such treatment increase the enzyme response to subsequent starvation–refeeding. Previous starvation, however, did increase the subsequent enzyme response to feeding ad libitum a diet containing sucrose or invert sugar. The enzyme response was greater when the sucrose-containing diet was fed, and the diet effect was independent of the treatment effect. The results suggest that: (1) the metabolic consequences of starvation–refeeding are longer lasting than the metabolic consequences of feeding fructose or sucrose, (2) the effect of dietary sucrose is greater than the effect of an equal amount of invert sugar, (3) the metabolic effects of dietary fructose and sucrose may be mediated by different mechanisms than the corresponding effects of starvation–refeeding.

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