scholarly journals Ingested probiotics reduce nasal colonization with pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and β-hemolytic streptococci)

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Glück ◽  
Jan-Olaf Gebbers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nasal Colonization

scholarly journals The Relationship between Colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mirela C. M. Prates ◽  
Edwin Tamashiro ◽  
José L. Proenca-Modena ◽  
Miriã F. Criado ◽  
Tamara H. Saturno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy

We sought to investigate the prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in secretions and tonsillar tissues of children with chronic adenotonsillitis hypertrophy compared to controls. Prospective case-control study comparing patients between 2 and 12 years old who underwent adenotonsillectomy due to chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy to children without disease. We compared detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis by real-time PCR in palatine tonsils, adenoids, and nasopharyngeal washes obtained from 37 children with and 14 without adenotonsillar hypertrophy. We found high frequency (>50%) of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both groups of patients. Although different sampling sites can be infected with more than one bacterium and some bacteria can be detected in different tissues in the same patient, adenoids, palatine tonsils, and nasopharyngeal washes were not uniformly infected by the same bacteria. Adenoids and palatine tonsils of patients with severe adenotonsillar hypertrophy had higher rates of bacterial coinfection. There was good correlation of detection of Moraxella catarrhalis in different sampling sites in patients with more severe tonsillar hypertrophy, suggesting that Moraxella catarrhalis may be associated with the development of more severe hypertrophy, that inflammatory conditions favor colonization by this agent. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are frequently detected in palatine tonsils, adenoids, and nasopharyngeal washes in children. Simultaneous detection of Moraxella catarrhalis in adenoids, palatine tonsils, and nasopharyngeal washes was correlated with more severe tonsillar hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Interference Competition by Streptococcus pneumoniae Has No Significant Effect on Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization of Neonatal Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Mixed Inoculum ◽  
Relative Scarcity

ABSTRACT It has been proposed that the relative scarcity of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae cocolonization in the nasopharynxes of humans can be attributed to hydrogen peroxide-mediated interference competition. Previously it has been shown in vitro that H2O2 produced by S. pneumoniae is bactericidal to S. aureus. To ascertain whether H2O2 has this inhibitory effect in the nasal passages of neonatal rats, colonization experiments were performed with S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. The results of these experiments with neonatal rats are inconsistent with the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide-mediated killing of S. aureus by S. pneumoniae is responsible for the relative scarcity of cocolonization by these bacteria. In mixed-inoculum colonization experiments and experiments where S. aureus invaded the nasopharynxes of rats with established S. pneumoniae populations, the density of S. aureus did not differ whether the S. pneumoniae strain was H2O2 secreting or non-H2O2 secreting (SpxB). Moreover, the advantage of catalase production by S. aureus in competition with a non-catalase-producing strain (KatA) during nasal colonization was no greater in the presence of H2O2-producing S. pneumoniae than in the presence of non-H2O2-producing S. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus carriage and comorbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease V D stage: a 3-year prospective study

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
I. Shifris
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Esrd Patients ◽  
Group 1

Asymptomatic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization is a confirmed factor that affects the frequency of comorbid bacterial infections and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim was to study the frequency of comorbid conditions and their dynamics in ESRD patients depending on their MRSA status. Methods. To prospective cohort study included 265 ESRD patients, 204 of whom were treated by hemodialysis (HD) and 61 by peritoneal dialysis (PD). All recorded comorbidities, their frequency and the dynamics of change, polymorbidity indices, were analyzed depending on whom had MRSA nasal colonization (group 1, n = 92) and without it (group 2, n= 173). The most common cause of ESRD was glomerulonephritis - 161 patients (60.75%). The groups were representative according to gender, age, type of kidney injury and modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Results. According to the results of a 3-year study investigation, the patients with MRSA carriage had a statistically significant higher level of comorbid conditions frequencies compared to the patients who had opportunistic pathogenic bacteria carriage, namely: prevalence of coronary artery disease (55.4% vs 30.1%, р=0.0001), heart failure (44.6% vs 25.4%, р=0.0015), secondary hyperparathyroidism (61.9% vs 45.1%, р=0,009), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (31.5% vs 17.3%, р=0.0082), peripheral vascular disease (39.15 vs 17.9%, р=0.0001). The increase in the modified polymorphism index in patients of Group 1 and Group 2 during the observation period, was 30 % and 5% respectively. One hundred thirty three hospitalization cases were detected during follow-up period: among patients from Group 1- 66 (71.34%) cases, Group 2 - 67 (38.73%); χ² = 26.180, р < 0.0001; RR – 1.8524, 95% ДІ: 1.4760 – 2.3247. Conclusions. Asymptomatic MRSA nasal colonization is a factor that can increase the incidence of coexisting diseases as well as the total number of comorbid conditions in dialysis patients.

scholarly journals Bacterial Causes Tonsillitis in Children, Study the Resistance to Antimicrobials and the Effect of Clove Extracts on Selected Isolated Bacteria.

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Inhibition Zones

In this study Isolated Pathogenic bacteria which causes Tonsillitis in Children with ages between 3-17 years. They are admitted to Central Children Hospital (Al-Karch) and Ebn-Albalady Hospital (Al-Rusafa). 200 cases were collected which include 120 Male and 80 Female. The result of the recent study shows that the isolation percentage was 40% from Male and 35% from Female. In this study Fifty six isolated were Identified, 20 were ?-hemolytic Streptococcus which was Streptococcus pyogenes, formed (36%) from all isolated.6 Pathogenic bacteria were ?- hemolytic Streptococcus which was Streptococcus pneumoniae formed (11%). The number of Moraxella catarrhalis bacteria was 12 formed (21%), the number of Haemophilus influenzae was 10 formed (18%).Whereas the number of Staphylococcus aureus was 8 formed (14%). The Antimicrobial Susceptility test to commonly used Antimicrobial shows that the most isolate Bacteria were sensitive to Antimicrobial ( AMC and CEP ) and Resistance to ( P and E ) with some exception. The Antimicrobial Susceptility test of Staphylococcus aureus to Oxacillin showed the predominant of Oxacillin-Sensitive S. aureus (OSSA) which form 88% whereas the percentage of Oxacillin -Resistant S. aureus (ORSA) was 12%. The effect of crude aqueous and solvent extracts of clove on selected isolated bacteria. Shows the efficiency of clove extracts which gives the biggest inhibition zones by all extracts with efficacy of methanol extract compared with the other solvents extracts. The inhibition zone was 25.2 mm fore Streptococcus pyogenes and the MIC wasMIC was 75?g/ml. 25.6 mm 75?g/ml. 24.8 mm for Streptococcus pneumoniae and For Staphylococcus aureus and MIC was 50?g/ml, whereas the inhibition zone was 22.2 mm and 22.1 mm for Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenza respectively and the MIC was 100?g/ml.

scholarly journals Bacterial and viral co-infections in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to a French ICU

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Contou ◽  
Aurore Claudinon ◽  
Olivier Pajot ◽  
Maïté Micaëlo ◽  
Pascale Longuet Flandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Icu Admission

Abstract Background Data on the prevalence of bacterial and viral co-infections among patients admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are lacking. We aimed to assess the rate of bacterial and viral co-infections, as well as to report the most common micro-organisms involved in patients admitted to the ICU for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Patients and methods In this monocenter retrospective study, we reviewed all the respiratory microbiological investigations performed within the first 48 h of ICU admission of COVID-19 patients (RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2) admitted for acute respiratory failure. Results From March 13th to April 16th 2020, a total of 92 adult patients (median age: 61 years, 1st–3rd quartiles [55–70]; males: n = 73/92, 79%; baseline SOFA: 4 [3–7] and SAPS II: 31 [21–40]; invasive mechanical ventilation: n = 83/92, 90%; ICU mortality: n = 45/92, 49%) were admitted to our 40-bed ICU for acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Among them, 26 (28%) were considered as co-infected with a pathogenic bacterium at ICU admission with no co-infection related to atypical bacteria or viruses. The distribution of the 32 bacteria isolated from culture and/or respiratory PCRs was as follows: methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (n = 10/32, 31%), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 7/32, 22%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 6/32, 19%), Enterobacteriaceae (n = 5/32, 16%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2/32, 6%), Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 1/32, 3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 1/32, 3%). Among the 24 pathogenic bacteria isolated from culture, 2 (8%) and 5 (21%) were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporin and to amoxicillin–clavulanate combination, respectively. Conclusions We report on a 28% rate of bacterial co-infection at ICU admission of patients with severe SARSCoV-2 pneumonia, mostly related to Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterobacteriaceae. In French patients with confirmed severe SARSCoV-2 pneumonia requiring ICU admission, our results encourage the systematic administration of an empiric antibiotic monotherapy with a 3rd generation cephalosporin, with a prompt de-escalation as soon as possible. Further larger studies are needed to assess the real prevalence and the predictors of co-infection together with its prognostic impact on critically ill patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

scholarly journals Pathogenic bacterial profile and drug resistance analysis of community-acquired pneumonia in older outpatients with fever

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 4596-4604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Luan ◽  
Yuling Sun ◽  
Shuhong Duan ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Zhongying Bao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Sensitivity Test

Objectives To study the pathogenic bacterial profile and drug resistance in older patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in outpatients with fever, and provide evidence to diagnose and treat CAP timely and accurately. Methods We studied older (>60 years) patients with CAP in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from 2016 to 2017. Pathogenic bacteria from sputum of patients were isolated and identified and their resistance to antibiotics was tested. Risk factors for multidrug-resistant CAP (MDR-CAP) and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results A total of 5563 outpatients with fever were recruited and 391 had CAP. A total of 117 isolates of pathogenic bacteria were obtained from 176 CAP cases. The main pathogenic bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.4%), Escherichia coli (17.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.4%). A drug sensitivity test (DST) showed that K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa had good sensitivity to imipenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae had strong sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, and levofloxacin. Previous multiple antibiotic treatment was an independent risk factor for MDR-CAP. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria in older patients with CAP. Identification and DSTs of pathogens could enable accurate diagnosis and treatment of CAP.

scholarly journals Role of Staphylococcus aureus Catalase in Niche Competition against Streptococcus pneumoniae

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (7) ◽  
pp. 2275-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonggoo Park ◽  
Victor Nizet ◽  
George Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Niche Competition

ABSTRACT Nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is a major predisposing factor for subsequent infection. Recent reports of increased S. aureus colonization among children receiving pneumococcal vaccine implicate Streptococcus pneumoniae as an important competitor for the same niche. Since S. pneumoniae uses H2O2 to kill competing bacteria, we hypothesized that oxidant defense could play a significant role in promoting S. aureus colonization of the nasal mucosa. Using targeted mutagenesis, we showed that S. aureus expression of catalase contributes significantly to the survival of this pathogen in the presence of S. pneumoniae both in vitro and in a murine model of nasal cocolonization.

scholarly journals Frequency of Spontaneous Resistance to Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor GSK1322322 in Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 4644-4652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Min ◽  
Karen Ingraham ◽  
Jianzhong Huang ◽  
Lynn McCloskey ◽  
Sarah Rilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Peptide Deformylase ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is compromising the successful treatment of serious microbial infections. GSK1322322, a novel peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitor, shows goodin vitroantibacterial activity and has demonstrated safety and efficacy in human proof-of-concept clinical studies.In vitrostudies were performed to determine the frequency of resistance (FoR) to this antimicrobial agent in major pathogens that cause respiratory tract and skin infections. Resistance to GSK1322322 occurred at high frequency through loss-of-function mutations in the formyl-methionyl transferase (FMT) protein inStaphylococcus aureus(4/4 strains) andStreptococcus pyogenes(4/4 strains) and via missense mutations inStreptococcus pneumoniae(6/21 strains), but the mutations were associated with severein vitroand/orin vivofitness costs. The overall FoR to GSK1322322 was very low inHaemophilus influenzae, with only one PDF mutant being identified in one of four strains. No target-based mutants were identified fromS. pyogenes, and only one or no PDF mutants were isolated in three of the fourS. aureusstrains studied. InS. pneumoniae, PDF mutants were isolated from only six of 21 strains tested; an additional 10 strains did not yield colonies on GSK1322322-containing plates. Most of the PDF mutants characterized from those three organisms (35/37 mutants) carried mutations in residues at or in close proximity to one of three highly conserved motifs that are part of the active site of the PDF protein, with 30 of the 35 mutations occurring at position V71 (using theS. pneumoniaenumbering system).

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