Associations of lifestyle risk factors with overweight or obesity among adolescents: a multicountry analysis

ABSTRACT Background About 35% of the global burden of disease has roots in adolescence. Health in adolescence is an important determinant of health in adulthood. Objectives This study aimed to generate risk scores for lifestyle behaviors among adolescents and to estimate the country-specific prevalence of these risk scores. The study also examined the relations of lifestyle risk scores with overweight or obesity among adolescents. Methods We used the most recent data available from 20 nationally representative Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Our analytical sample size was 51,597. The outcome of interest was overweight or obesity. We developed 4 lifestyle risk scores (dietary habits, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and tobacco use), which were used as the exposure variables in this study. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs. Results In total, 18.2% of the participants were overweight or obese. Across countries, the percentage of adolescents with unhealthy dietary habits ranged from 76.7% (the Cook Islands) to 94.2% (Timor-Leste), physical inactivity ranged from 47.5% (Bangladesh) to 90.1% (the Philippines), and sedentary behavior ranged from 34.5% (Nepal) to 88.2% (Kuwait). Girls engaged in less physical activity than did boys. Increased odds of overweight or obesity were found among participants with high risk scores for physical inactivity (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.27) and for unhealthy sedentary behavior (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.35) compared with participants with low risk scores. Girls with high tobacco risk scores had higher odds (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.65) of overweight or obesity than did girls with low risk scores for tobacco use, whereas there were no significant differences in risk in boys. Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were quite prevalent among adolescents, and higher lifestyle risk scores increased the risk of overweight or obesity.

Download Full-text

Lifestyle behaviors trend and their relationship with fear level of COVID-19: Cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0257904

Author(s):

Shaima A. Alothman ◽

Abdullah F. Alghannam ◽

Alaa A. Almasud ◽

Arwa S. Altalhi ◽

Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Online Survey ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Distress Scale

Introduction COVID-19 pandemic cautionary measures have affected the daily life of people around the globe. Further, understanding the complete lifestyle behaviors profile can help healthcare providers in designing effective interventions and assessing overall health impact on risk of disease development. Thus, this study aims to assess the complete spectrum of lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, distress, social support, dietary habits, and smoking) prevalence and its association with fear of COVID-19 in people living in Saudi Arabia. Methods Self-administered survey consisted of seven sections was used to collect data on fear of COVID-19 using Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), physical activity and sedentary behavior using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), psychosocial distress using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), social support using the MOS social support survey, and dietary habits using a short version of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The online survey was distributed via social media platforms during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic (May–June 2020). Each section consisted of validated questionnaire examining one of aforementioned lifestyle behaviors. Associations were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results A total of 669 individuals attempted to complete the online survey, 554 participants completed at least 2 sections of the survey (82.8%), and 41.3% (n = 276) completed the whole online survey. The majority of the sample were female (83%), not smokers (86.5%), had sufficient sleep duration (7.5 hrs ± 2.1), and only indicated mild level of distress (21.4 ± 8.9); they also reported high level of sedentary behavior (7.7 hrs ± 4.5), poor sleep quality (5.4 ± 2.4), were not engaged in healthy eating habits, and moderate level of perceived social support (62.0% ± 27). Only physical activity results indicated that about half of the sample were engaged in moderate to vigorous level of physical activity (54.3%). Further, being female (β = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.45, 2.94) and married (β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.3, 2.63) were associated with fear of COVID-19 level (β = 0.21; 95% IC: 0.05, 0.19) with a confidence interval level of 95%. In addition, distress was associated with fear. Conclusion The trend of lifestyle behaviors measured during lockdown period changed from previously published rates. Future research needs to establish the short-term and long-term effect of lifestyle behaviors complete profile on physical and mental health.

Download Full-text

Can Health-Promoting Schools Contribute to Better Health Behaviors? Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Dietary Habits among Israeli Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1183

Author(s):

Hila Beck ◽

Riki Tesler ◽

Sharon Barak ◽

Daniel Sender Moran ◽

Adilson Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Group Differences ◽

Time Behavior ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The Mean

Schools with health-promoting school (HPS) frameworks are actively committed to enhancing healthy lifestyles. This study explored the contribution of school participation in HPS on students’ health behaviors, namely, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and dieting. Data from the 2018/2019 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study on Israeli adolescents aged 11–17 years were used. Schools were selected from a sample of HPSs and non-HPSs. Between-group differences and predictions of health behavior were analyzed. No between-group differences were observed in mean number of days/week with at least 60 min of PA (HPS: 3.84 ± 2.19 days/week, 95% confidence interval of the mean = 3.02–3.34; non-HPS: 3.93 ± 2.17 days/week, 95% confidence interval of the mean = 3.13–3.38). Most children engaged in screen time behavior for >2 h/day (HPS: 60.83%; non-HPS: 63.91%). The odds of being on a diet were higher among more active children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), higher socio-economic status (OR = 1.23), and female (OR = 2.29). HPS did not predict any health behavior. These findings suggest that HPSs did not contribute to health behaviors more than non-HPSs. Therefore, health-promoting activities in HPSs need to be improved in order to justify their recognition as members of the HPS network and to fulfill their mission.

Download Full-text

Combined Effects of Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors on Metabolic Syndrome among Postmenopausal Women

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 848

Author(s):

Jin-Suk Ra ◽

Hyesun Kim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Dietary Behavior ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity

This study aimed to identify the combined effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, including diet, sedentary behavior, and physical activity on metabolic syndrome (MS) and components of MS among postmenopausal women. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2018) with a cross-sectional study design. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with data from 6114 Korean postmenopausal women. While no significant effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, either individually or as a combination, were found for MS, prolonged sedentary behavior without poor dietary behavior and insufficient physical activity was associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.29) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.13–2.10). The combination of poor dietary behavior and prolonged sedentary behaviors was also associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10–2.00) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.14–1.96). In addition, prolonged sedentary behavior and insufficient physical activity together were associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.90–4.20) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.13–2.24). Finally, combining poor dietary behavior, prolonged sedentary behavior, and insufficient physical activity was also associated with increased likelihood of abdominal obesity (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.50–2.80) and impaired fasting glucose (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.32–2.23). Strategies for replacing sedentary behavior of postmenopausal women with activities are warranted for prevention of abdominal obesity and impaired fasting glucose.

Download Full-text

Trends in Self-Reported Sitting Time by Physical Activity Levels Among US Adults, NHANES 2007/2008–2017/2018

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2021-0221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (S1) ◽

pp. S74-S83

Author(s):

Emily N. Ussery ◽

Geoffrey P. Whitfield ◽

Janet E. Fulton ◽

Deborah A. Galuska ◽

Charles E. Matthews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Active Adults

Background: High levels of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity increase the risk of premature mortality and several chronic diseases. Monitoring national trends and correlates of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity can help identify patterns of risk in the population over time. Methods: The authors used self-reported data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007/2008–2017/2018) to estimate trends in US adults’ mean daily sitting time, overall, and stratified by levels of leisure-time and multidomain physical activity, and in the joint prevalence of high sitting time (>8 h/d) and physical inactivity. Trends were tested using orthogonal polynomial contrasts. Results: Overall, mean daily sitting time increased by 19 minutes from 2007/2008 (332 min/d) to 2017/2018 (351 min/d) (Plinear < .05; Pquadratic < .05). The highest point estimate occurred in 2013/2014 (426 min/d), with a decreasing trend observed after this point (Plinear < .05). Similar trends were observed across physical activity levels and domains, with one exception: an overall linear increase was not observed among sufficiently active adults. The mean daily sitting time was lowest among highly active adults compared with less active adults when using the multidomain physical activity measure. Conclusions: Sitting time among adults increased over the study period but decreased in recent years.

Download Full-text

Temporal Trends of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Simultaneity in Brazilian Students

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2016-0700 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 331-337

Author(s):

Rafaela Costa Martins ◽

Luiza Isnardi Cardoso Ricardo ◽

Gerfeson Mendonça ◽

Daiana Lopes de Rosa ◽

Letícia Lemos Ayres da Gama Bastos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Private Schools ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Brazilian Students

Objective: To evaluate trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior simultaneity among Brazilian students from 2009 to 2015 and its association with independent variables. Methods: This study presents a panel of 3 cross-sectional studies carried out in 2009, 2012, and 2015 (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar—PeNSE). The population was comprised of ninth-grade public and private schools students from Brazilian capitals. Physical activity and sedentary behavior variables were combined to create the outcome of simultaneity of these risk factors. Results: A large proportion of students were simultaneously inactive and sedentary in the 3 surveys. However, it was possible to observe a downward trend (2009: 56.4%; 95% confidence interval, 55.7–57.1; 2012: 53.7%; 95% confidence interval, 53.0–54.4; 2015: 51.9%; 95% confidence interval, 51.2–52.7). In 2015, estimates of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior simultaneity were greater than 48% for 20 out of 27 of the Brazilian states. Significant declining trends were observed among mideast residents, females, nonwhite, and those attending private schools. Only around 5%–7% of the adolescents were both active and nonsedentary in the 3 surveys. Conclusion: Despite of a slight decreasing trend in the proportion of Brazilian students simultaneously inactive and sedentary throughout the period, the prevalence remained elevated across the surveys.

Download Full-text

Physical Activity and Sitting Time Are Specifically Associated With Multiple Chronic Diseases and Medicine Intake in Brazilian Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2017-0271 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 608-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex S. Ribeiro ◽

Luiz C. Pereira ◽

Danilo R.P. Silva ◽

Leandro dos Santos ◽

Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Independent Association ◽

Older Men And Women ◽

Multiple Chronic Diseases

The purpose of the study was to clarify the independent association between sedentary behavior and physical activity with multiple chronic diseases and medicine intake in older individuals. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were measured by questionnaires. Diseases and medication use were self-reported. Poisson’s regression was adopted for main analysis, through crude and adjusted prevalence ratio and confidence interval of 95%. For men, sedentary time >4 hr/day presented a 76% higher prevalence of ≥2 chronic diseases, while physical inactivity increases the likelihood of using ≥2 medicines in 95%. For women, sedentary behavior >4 hr/day presented an 82% and 43% greater prevalence for ≥2 chronic diseases and the intake of ≥2 medicines, respectively. Sedentary behavior represents an independent associated factor of multiple chronic diseases in older men and women. In addition, inactivity for men and sedentarism for women are associated with the amount of medicine intake.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Sedentary Behavior With the International Physical Activity Questionnaire

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.5.s1.s30 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (s1) ◽

pp. S30-S44 ◽

Cited By ~ 173

Author(s):

Dori E. Rosenberg ◽

Fiona C. Bull ◽

Alison L. Marshall ◽

James F. Sallis ◽

Adrian E. Bauman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Population Surveillance ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Time Activity ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

The Relationship ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Purpose:This study explored definitions of sedentary behavior and examined the relationship between sitting time and physical inactivity using the sitting items from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Methods:Participants (N = 289, 44.6% male, mean age = 35.93) from 3 countries completed self-administered long- and short-IPAQ sitting items. Participants wore accelero-meters; were classified as inactive (no leisure-time activity), insufficiently active, or meeting recommendations; and were classified into tertiles of sitting behavior.Results:Reliability of sitting time was acceptable for men and women. Correlations between total sitting and accelerometer counts/min <100 were significant for both long (r = .33) and short (r = .34) forms. There was no agreement between tertiles of sitting and the inactivity category (kappa = .02, P = .68).Conclusion:Sedentary behavior should be explicitly measured in population surveillance and research instead of being defined by lack of physical activity.

Download Full-text

Obesity, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Dietary Habits of Saudi Adolescents Living in Riyadh (ATLS-2 Project): Revisited after a Ten-Year Period

Life ◽

10.3390/life11101078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1078

Author(s):

Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa ◽

Nada M. Albawardi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽

The Past ◽

Intensity Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Objective: Undesirable lifestyle behaviors are associated with many adverse health outcomes. This study revisited the lifestyle behaviors, dietary habits, and overweight/obesity status of Saudi adolescents from Riyadh during the year 2019/2020. We report on the rationale, design, and methodology of the current study and provide preliminary findings of the changes that occurred between the two cross-sectional studies within the span of a ten-year period. Methods: A comparison was made between two cross-sectional studies, one conducted in 2009/2010 and the other in 2019/2020, using the same design, methods, and instruments. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to select adolescents attending public and private secondary schools. Measurements included demographics, weight, height, waist circumference, physical activity (using valid questionnaire and accelerometer), sedentary time, sleep duration, and dietary habits. Results: The total number of participants was 1262 adolescents, of which 52.4% were male, with a mean (SD) age of 16.4 ± 0.95 years. About 41% of paternal and 39.1% of maternal education levels were university degrees. Over 37% of the families earned more than SAR 20,000/month. Body mass index and waist circumference of males was larger than that of females and the overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 40.5% with significance (p < 0.001) difference between males (47.3%) and females (32.8%). Between 2009/2010 and 2019/2020 datasets, there were significant changes in age (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), screen time (p < 0.001), moderate-intensity physical activity (p < 0.001), vigorous-intensity physical activity (p < 0.001), total physical activity (p < 0.001), and consumption of breakfast (p = 0.015) and fruits (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The most notable change between the two studies was a significant reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity among Saudi adolescents, which was due to increased levels of moderate-intensity physical activity among Saudi females, as a result of recent positive sociopolitical changes occurring in the country over the past four years. The findings provided rich information that can be used to explore trends in overweight/obesity, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents over the past ten-year period.

Download Full-text

Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic can increase physical inactivity and the global burden of cardiovascular disease

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00268.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (6) ◽

pp. H1441-H1446 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Tiago Peçanha ◽

Karla Fabiana Goessler ◽

Hamilton Roschel ◽

Bruno Gualano

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Global Burden ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Home Based ◽

Physical Activity Levels

Emerging data indicate a substantial decrease in global physical activity levels during the period of social isolation adopted worldwide to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Confinement-induced decreases in physical activity levels and increases in sedentary behavior may provoke a rapid deterioration of cardiovascular health and premature deaths among populations with increased cardiovascular risk. Even short-term (1–4 wk) inactivity has been linked with detrimental effects in cardiovascular function and structure and increased cardiovascular risk factors. In this unprecedented and critical scenario, home-based physical activity programs arise as a clinically relevant intervention to promote health benefits to cardiac patients. Many studies have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of different models of home-based exercise programs in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and major cardiovascular events among different populations. This body of knowledge can inform evidence-based policies to be urgently implemented to counteract the impact of increased physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak, thereby alleviating the global burden of cardiovascular disease.

Download Full-text