scholarly journals Control of Early Instar Black Cutworm Larvae with Spinosad Formulations and Dursban, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins ◽  
Rachel Lamarche ◽  
Meggan Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Country Club ◽  
Early Instar

Abstract The rial was conducted at Hanover Country Club, Hanover, NH on a bentgrass nursery. One hundred 3rd-instar larvae per treatment were placed in a PVC cylinder on 9 Jul. Treatments in all cylinders were applied on 10 Jul. There were a total of 12 treatments, replicated 4 times, with 3 rating dates, in a RCB design. The insecticides were applied using 32-oz, hand-held pump sprayers. The volume of water and insecticide mixture per cylinder was 2 gal/1000 ft2. vVeather conditions were as follows: air temp, 68°F; sky, mostly sunny; wind, light. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 78°F; at 1-inch depth, 74°F; at 2-inch depth, 70°F; texture, loam; sand, 64%; silt, 28%; clay, 8%; moisture, 21%; organic matter, 4.8%; pH, 7.3. The trial was rated on 11 Jul, 13 lul, and 17 Jul by applying to each cylinder a dilution of Joy dish soap and water to each cylinder to force live larvae to the surface for counting. During : he rating period, peak daytime surface temperatures were hot (90°F).

scholarly journals Efficacy of Five Spinosad Formulations on Early Stages of Black Cutworm, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins ◽  
Rachel Lamarche ◽  
Meggan Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Country Club ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Abstract This trial was conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH on a bentgrass nursery. The trial consisted of 7 treatments, replicated 4 times, with 3 sampling dates, in a RCB design. For each replicate, 20 third-instar larvae were placed in PVC cylinder on 19 Aug and treated on 20 Aug. The insecticides were applied using 32-oz, hand-held pump sprayers. Peak daytime surface temperatures were relatively cool during the treatment period 70-80°F). The volume of water and insecticide mixture per cylinder was 2 gal/1000ft2. Weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 68°F; sky, mostly sunny; wind, 5 mph. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 86°F; at 1-inch depth, 75°F; at 2-inch depth, 70°F; texture, loam; sand, 44%; silt, 38%; clay, 18%; moisture, 21%; organic matter, 4%. The trial was rated 1,3, and 7 DAT by applying a solution of Joy dish soap and water to each cylinder to force live larvae to the surface for counting.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rates of a Growth Regulator on Black Cutworm, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins ◽  
Bryan Carney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Country Club

Abstract Two trials were conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. In the first trial treatments were applied on 6 Sep to a bentgrass nursery and rated 13 Sep. In the second, treatments were applied 12 Sep and rate 19 Sep. The treatments were applied in an RCB design, 4 replicates per treatment, with 1 -ft buffers between plots. All treatments were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer, using four 8004 nozzles with 50-mesh screens. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000ft2 delivered at 40 psi. BCW larvae were predominantly 3rd-4th instar in the 1st trial and 1 st-2nd instar in the 2nd trial. Weather conditions were as follows: on 6 Sep, air temp, 81°F; sky, clear; wind, calm. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 83°F; temp at 1-inch depth, 74°F; soil pH, 5.7; dry matter, 80%; moisture, 20%; organic matter, 4%; soil texture, loam; sand, 60%; silt, 20%; clay, 20%. On 12 Sep, air temp was 74°F; soil temp at surface was 71°F; at 1-inch depth, 69°F. The trials were rated for live larvae by soaking each plot with Joy dish soap and water to force larvae to the surface.

scholarly journals Control of Black Cutworm on a Bentgrass Nursery, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins ◽  
Bryan Carney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Country Club

Abstract This trial was conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. All treatments were applied on 27 Sept to a bentgrass nursery. The treatments were laid out in an RCB design with 1 ft buffers between plots. All liquid formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads, fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/ 1000ft2 delivered at 40psi. Granular formulations were evenly dispersed using large plastic salt shakers. All granulars were irrigated with 1/2 inch of water. No liquid formulations were irrigated. BCW larvae were predominantly 4th instar. Weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 50°F; sky, cloudy; wind, calm. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 55°F; at 1-inch depth, 53°F; at 2-inch depth, 53°F; texture, loam; sand, 60%; silt, 20%; clay, 20%; soil pH, 5.7; dry matter, 80%; moisture, 20%; organic matter, 4%. The trial was rated on 4 Oct by applying to each plot a mixture of Joy dish soap and water to force live larvae to the surface for counting.

Comparison of Two Nematode Formulations for Black Turfgrass Ataenius Control, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-371
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins ◽  
Bryan Carney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Country Club

Abstract This trial was conducted at Wentworth-By-The-Sea Country Club, New Castle, NH. All treatments were applied to a fairway on 15 Jul on 7 X 7 ft plots, 5 replicates per treatment, using an RCB design with 1 -ft buffers between plots. Treatments were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads, fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2 delivered at 40 psi. The entire trial was irrigated with 1/2 inch of water immediately after application. Weather conditions at time of application were as follows: air temp, 72°F; sky, cloudy; wind, strong breeze. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 70°F; at 1-inch depth, 71°F; at 2-inch depth, 71°F; texture, sandy loam; sand, 67%; silt, 27%; clay, 6%, soil pH, 6.0; dry matter, 74%; moisture, 26%; organic matter, 12%; thatch depth, 1/4 inch. The trial was rated on 5 Aug. A Ryan 12” sod cutter was used to cut a strip to a depth of 3/4 inch. A 1 ft2 piece of sod was pealed back, and live grubs were counted.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Four B.T., Japonica BUI BUI, Formulations on Japanese Beetle Grubs, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-371
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins ◽  
Bryan Carney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Country Club

Abstract This trial was conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. The lawn was mowed at 1.5 inches and irrigated daily (0.1 inch). All treatments were applied on 19 Aug to 7 X 11 ft plots with 1-ft buffers, replicated 5 times in an RCB design. Liquid formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2 delivered at 40 psi. Granular formulations were evenly dispersed using large plastic salt shakers. The surface of the turf was free of moisture (dew) at time of application. The plots were irrigated post-treatment with 0.4 in of water. Grubs were primarily 2nd instar. Weather conditions at time of application were as follows. Air, temp; 78°F; sky, clear; wind, moderate breeze. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 80°F; at 1-inch depth, 76°F; at 2-inch depth, 75°F; soil pH, 5.6; texture, silt loam; sand, 50%; silt, 43%; clay, 7%; dry matter, 81%; moisture, 19%; organic matter, 5%. The trial was rated on 20 Sep using a Ryan 18-inch sod cutter to cut the plots to a depth of 3/4 inch. A 3 ft2 piece of sod was moved and live grubs counted.

Curative Black Cutworm Control With Merit and Fcr 4S4S, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-327
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Country Club

Abstract Three treatments were applied to third and fourth instar BCW larvae at Amherst Country Club. Plots were 7 X 7 ft, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 7 Sep and rated 14 Sep (7 DAT). Treatments were applied with a CO2 boom sprayer, 8004 nozzles, at 40 PSI, in 2 gal water per 10002. Plots were rated using a soap flush and counting the number of emerging larvae. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 84.3°F; wind, calm; sky, cloudy; soil temperature, 77.3°F; thatch depth, 0.25 inch; soil pH, 5.7; slope, 0%; soil texture, silt loam: sand 40%, silt 59%, clay 1%; soil organic matter, 3.7%; soil moisture, 22.6%; post treatment precipitation, 0.1 inch daily; mowing height, 0.187 inch.

scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

scholarly journals Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and their active ingredients on earthworms, water infiltration and glyphosate leaching are influenced by soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann G. Zaller ◽  
Maureen Weber ◽  
Michael Maderthaner ◽  
Edith Gruber ◽  
Eszter Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Abstract Background Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are among the most often used pesticides. The hundreds of GBHs used worldwide consist of the active ingredient (AI) glyphosate in form of different salts, possibly other AIs, and various mostly undisclosed co-formulants. Pesticide risk assessments are commonly performed using single AIs or GBHs at standard soil conditions without vegetation. In a greenhouse experiment, we established a weed population with common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus) to examine the effects of three GBHs (Roundup LB Plus, Roundup PowerFlex, Touchdown Quattro) and their corresponding AIs (salts of glyphosate isopropylammonium, potassium, diammonium) on the activity and physiological biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase, GST; acetylcholine esterase, AChE) of an ecologically relevant earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris). GBHs and AIs were applied at recommended doses; hand weeding served as control. Experiments were established with two soil types differing in organic matter content (SOM; 3.0% vs. 4.1%) and other properties. Results Earthworm activity (casting and movement activity) decreased after application of glyphosate formulations or active ingredients compared to hand weeding. We found no consistent pattern that formulations had either higher or lower effects on earthworm activity than their active ingredients; rather, differences were substance-specific. Earthworm activity was little affected by soil organic matter levels. Biomarkers remained unaffected by weed control types; GST but not AChE was decreased under high SOM. Water infiltration after a simulated heavy rainfall was interactively affected by weed control types and SOM. Leachate amount was higher after application of formulations than active ingredients and was higher under low SOM. Glyphosate concentrations in soil and leachate were strongly affected by application of formulations or active ingredients and varied with SOM (significant weed control type x SOM interaction). Conclusions We found that both commercial formulations and pure active ingredients can influence earthworms with consequences on important soil functions. Glyphosate products showed increased, reduced or similar effects than pure glyphosate on particular soil functions; soil properties can substantially alter this. Especially at lower SOM, heavy rainfalls could lead to more glyphosate leaching into water bodies. A full disclosure of co-formulants would be necessary to further decipher their specific contributions to these inconsistent effects.

Eucalyptus grandis Response to Calcium Fertilization in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach S Grover ◽  
Rachel L Cook ◽  
Marcela Zapata ◽  
J Byron Urrego ◽  
Timothy J Albaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
South America ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Calcium Source

Abstract Calcium (Ca) is a critical plant nutrient typically applied at the time of planting in intensive Eucalyptus plantations in South America. At two sites in Colombia, we examined (1) calcium source by comparing growth after application of 100 kg ha−1 elemental Ca as lime or as pelletized highly reactive calcium fertilizer (HRCF) compared to a no application control, and (2) Ca rate by applying 0, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha−1 elemental Ca as HRCF with the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and boron (NPKSB). We assessed height, diameter, and volume after 12 and 24 months. There were no growth differences from Ca source at the 100 kg ha−1 rate. We found increased volume after 24 months at the “Popayan” site with 200 and 400 kg ha−1 Ca HRCF+NPKSB treatments (112 and 113 m3 ha−1, respectively) compared to control (92 m3 ha−1), a 22% increase. In contrast, volume did not differ after 24 months at the “Darien” site, ranging from 114 m3 ha−1 in the 0 kg ha−1 Ca HRCF+NPKSB treatment to 98 m3 ha−1 in the control. Differences in response are likely due to soil characteristics, such as organic matter, emphasizing the importance of identifying site-specific nutrient deficiencies. Study Implications: Operational applications may be over- or under-applying calcium carbonate in Eucalyptus plantations in South America. In the first two years of a seven-year rotation located in volcanic soils in Colombia, we found that one site with more organic matter at a greater depth did not need Ca additions, whereas the other site required greater than current operational applications to optimize productivity. Ca application rate trials across a gradient of soil conditions could establish critical values and improve recommendations of appropriate Ca application rates and emphasize the importance of understanding site-specific soil conditions to produce effective fertilization regimes.

The influence of soil conditions on the decomposition of organic matter in the soil

1917 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Russell ◽  
A. Appleyard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues

The biochemical decomposition of plant residues and other organic matter in the soil is of fundamental importance for soil fertility. It causes the breaking down of coarse plant fragments which otherwise might open up the soil too much: it leads to the production of colloidal complexes known as humus which exert many beneficial effects both chemical and physical, and it brings about the formation of nitrates, the most important of the nitrogenous plant nutrients.

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