scholarly journals Control of Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn, Spring 1996B

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
Dakshina R. Seal ◽  
Elzie McCord
Keyword(s):  
Granular Flow ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Product Evaluations ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Screen Mesh

Abstract ‘Silver Queen’ corn was seeded in Rockdale soil on 25 Feb 1996. A randomized complete block design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 6 treatments comprising a plot size of 3 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated when 2-5% of the plants were infested with FAW. Whorl treatments were continued on approximately 7-day intervals beginning 19 Mar. Whorl applications were made with a shaker jar, 10 cm above the whorl. This jar was fitted with a screen mesh lid appropriate for granular flow. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted 24 hours after each treatment by extracting 10 plants from plot centers, bagging in polyethylene bags and transporting to the laboratory. Each plant was dissected, larvae extracted and counted. FAW populations were significantly reduced by all treatment compared to untreated check plots.

scholarly journals Control of Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn, Spring 1996C

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
Dakshina R. Seal ◽  
Elzie McCord
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract ‘Silver Queen’ corn was seeded in Rockdale soil on 20 Mar 1996. A randomized complete block design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 8 treatments comprising a plot size of 4 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated two weeks after planting and continued on a 4-5-day interval beginning 31 Mar. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 70 GPA to the corn whorl. Granules were sprinkled into each plant whorl with an 8-oz. bottle fitted with a fine-mesh screw cap. Mesh openings were designed to allow proper release of the sized granules. Larvae were counted in 10 randomly selected whorls in the center 20 feet of each plot row. Although FAW population were unseasonably low, all treatments significantly reduced the number of larvae per whorl, on average, except MYX837-936 at 2 qt/acre.

The Effect of Season of Picloram and Chlorsulfuron Application on Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria genistifolia) on Prescribed Burns

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Jacobs ◽  
Roger L. Sheley
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dalmatian Toadflax ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Cover Density

Herbicides are an important tool for managing weeds where prescribed fire is used for rangeland improvement. Understanding how the season of herbicide application relates to prescribed burning is important. Our objective was to determine the effect of picloram and chlorsulfuron on Dalmatian toadflax cover, density, and biomass, where these herbicides were applied in the fall before burning or in the spring before or after burning. Six herbicide treatments and an untreated check were applied in a randomized complete block design with four replications to a prescribed burn at two sites infested with Dalmatian toadflax in Montana, United States. Herbicides were applied in the fall preburn, spring preburn, and spring postburn. Site 1 was treated in 1999 and 2000, and site 2 was treated in 2000 and 2001. Cover, biomass, and density of Dalmatian toadflax were sampled in September 2000, 2001, and 2002 at site 1 and September 2001 and 2002 at site 2. At site 1, cover, biomass, and density of Dalmatian toadflax were at least 76% lower compared with the check in both spring-applied picloram treatments, whereas the fall picloram treatment had similar Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density compared with the check 3 yr after application. By 2002, chlorsulfuron reduced Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density by at least 79% compared with the check in all timings of application at site 1. At site 2, Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density were reduced by at least 86% for all picloram and chlorsulfuron treatments in 2002, 2 yr after application. Chlorsulfuron applied in the fall or the spring and picloram applied in the spring effectively suppressed Dalmatian toadflax cover, biomass, and density for up to 3 yr.

scholarly journals Length of Efficacy for Control of Curly Top in Sugar Beet With Seed and Foliar Insecticides

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Imad A. Eujayl
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Untreated Check

Curly top in sugar beet caused by Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is an important yield-limiting disease that can be reduced via neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides. The length of efficacy of these insecticides is poorly understood; therefore, field experiments were conducted with the seed treatment Poncho Beta (clothianidin at 60 g a.i. + beta-cyfluthrin at 8 g a.i. per 100,000 seed) and foliar treatment Asana (esfenvalerate at 55.48 g a.i./ha). A series of four experiments at different locations in the same field were conducted in 2014 and repeated in a neighboring field in 2015, with four treatments (untreated check, Poncho Beta, Asana, and Poncho Beta + Asana) which were arranged in a randomized complete block design with eight replications. To evaluate efficacy, viruliferous (contain BCTV strains) beet leafhoppers were released 8, 9, 10, or 11weeks after planting for each experiment, which corresponded to 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after Asana application. Over both years, in 30 of 32 observation dates for treatments with Poncho Beta and 14 of 16 observation dates for Asana, visual curly top ratings decreased an average of 41 and 24%, respectively, with insecticide treatments compared with the untreated check. Over both years, in eight of eight experiments for treatments with Poncho Beta and six of eight experiments for Asana, root yields increased an average of 39 and 32%, respectively, with treatment compared with the untreated check. Over both years, the Poncho Beta treatments increased estimated recoverable sucrose (ERS) yield by 75% compared with the untreated check for weeks 8 and 9. By week 10, only the Poncho Beta + Asana treatment led to increases in ERS in both years, while the influence of increasing host resistance may have made other treatments more difficult to separate. When considering curly top symptoms, root yield, and ERS among all weeks and years, there was a tendency for the insecticides in the Poncho Beta + Asana treatment to complement each other to improve efficacy.

scholarly journals Verification of disease management technology on lentil against Stemphylium blight at farmer’s field in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Subash Subedi ◽  
Sarswati Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Stemphylium Blight ◽  
Benefit Cost

Technologies generated from lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Walr) management experiments were verified at farmers field of 5 districts viz., Chitawan, Rautahat, Dang, Parsa and Banke during two winter seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments and replicated 4 times. The plot size was 340 m2 (1 Kattha) with 25 cm row to row spacing. There were altogether 3 factors of the experiment i.e. year (2013-2014 and 2014-2015), location (5 districts) and package of practice (improved and farmers practice). The higher crop yield (1142.50 kg/ha) with lower disease index (34.95%) and higher benefit cost ratio of 2.42 were recorded in the farmers field of Banke district following seed rate (30 kg/ha), 8 hour primed improved variety (Black lentil), fertilizer doze of (20:40:20 NPK kg/ha+ 1 kg/ha B basal doze) and subsequent 3 sprays of Dithane M-45 @ 2.5 g/l of water at 10 days interval.

scholarly journals Plot size for evaluation of Arabica coffee yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e42712
Author(s):  
Bráulio Fabiano Xavier de Moraes ◽  
Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barroso Toledo ◽  
Kaio Olímpio das Graças Dias ◽  
Vinícius Teixeira Andrade ◽  
Daniel Furtado Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Resampling Methods ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Set Up

In most cases, in genetic breeding of Arabica coffee, plot size is defined in an empirical manner. It is often based only on the experience of the breeders and the availability of resources, potentially leading to a reduction in precision. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the size of the experimental plot for evaluation of coffee yield. We evaluated two experiments for validation of cultivars with 12 treatments set up in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and plots composed of 50 plants. Each plant was considered as a basic unit. Estimates of ideal plot size were made by maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation, linear-plateau segmented model and by the resampling methods. We discussed the variations in the parameter estimates for different plot sizes. Divergence was seen among the plot sizes estimated by the different methodologies. Increasing the number of plants per plot led to a higher experimental precision to the point that the increase was no longer significant. The plot size recommended for evaluating coffee production is from seven to 19 plants.

Evaluation of Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC and Karate 5% against Citrus Leafminer at Metahara Citrus Orchard

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Leul Mengistu ◽  
Netsanet Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Untreated Check

The study was conducted at Metahara Sugar Factory Citrus orchard fields in 2010/11 cropping season with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC and Karate 5% for the control of citrus leafminer. In this study, seven treatments were used i.e. Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC at 20, 30 and 50 ml per tree and Karate 5% EC at 0.72 and 1.10 ml per tree including free checks. Treatments were given at once and twice application frequencies; the second application was applied after fifteen days of the first application. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The study indicated that Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC at 20, 30 and 50 ml tree-1 and Karate 5% EC at 0.72 and 1.10 ml tree-1 had satisfactory control potential of citrus leafminer (CLM) for a maximum of two weeks period as compared to the untreated check. Therefore, the orchard could use Ethiodemethrin 2.5% EC at 20 ml tree-1 and Karate 5% EC at 0.72 ml tree-1 for the control of leafminer. Moreover, using single control tactics does not provide utmost control of CLM in the orchard.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JARAK TANAM JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays Saccharata STURT) DAN VARIETAS KUBIS (Brassica oleracea VAR. CAPITATA) TERHADAP HASIL JAGUNG MANIS DAN KUBIS PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DI DESA CANDI KUNING, TABANAN

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sunarta
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Short Season

Diversification of plant species is needed to anticipate price fluctuation of vegetables. Intercropping system compared to monoculture can give more benefits to farmers. The arrangement of plant spacings of sweet corn and cabbage variety is expected to result in higher yields and benefits in intercropping. The field experiment, which had the objective to study the effects of plant spacing of sweet corn and cabbage variety on yields of sweet corn and cabbage in the intercropping system, had been conducted from March to July 2008. The experiment was carried out at the dryland farming area at Candikuning Village, district of Baturiti, Tabanan regency, 1.200 m asl. In the experiment, a randomized complete block design with two factors namely plant spacing of sweet corn (120 cm x40 cm, 180 cm x 40 cm and 240 cm x 40 cm) and variety of cabbage (Green Nova and Summer-Autumn) were used. Plant spacing of cabbage was 60 cm x 40 cm. All treatments were replicated four times. The results of the experiment showed that the effect of interaction between plant spacing of sweet corn and cabbage variety in intercropping was not significant on yields of sweet corn and cabbage. Individually, sweet corn plant spacing of 120 cm x40 cm gave the highest fresh weight of cob without husk (10,91 t ha"'), which was 44.50% and 80.93% respectively higher than the spacing of ! 80 cm x 40 cm and 240 cm x 40 cm. The spacing of 180 cm x 40 cm resulted in not the significantly different fresh weight of cob with husk but gave the highest fresh weight of cabbage heads (56.101 ha'1), which was 27.36% higher than that at sweet corn spacing of 120 cm x 40 cm and was not significantly different from that at 240 cm x 40 cm. Cabbage variety Green Nova gave the highest head (56.101 ha1), which was 14.48% higher than variety Summer-Autumn. Intercropping between cabbage variety Green Nova and Sweet corn at 180 cm x 40 cm spacing resulted in the highest benefit (Rp. 20,488125 t ha'1), which was Rp. 3,335500 higher than the average benefit of cabbage monoculture. The efficiency of land use in intercropping was higher (LER: 1.69) than in monoculture (LER: 1). It is suggested to use cabbage variety Green Nova intercropped with sweet corn at I 80 cm x 40 cm spacing. An experiment studying the effect of cabbage intercropped with sweet corn and other short season vegetables planted after harvesting cabbages is also suggested.

scholarly journals Comportamiento del pasto Taiwán (Pennisetum purpureum) fertilizado con efluente de biogas en época de máxima precipitación pluvial

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
José M. Will ◽  
Guillermo Valle A.
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Made In ◽  
North Latitude

This work was conducted at the Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Atlántico (CURLA) at 15°47’north latitude and 86°50’ west longitude, 10 km west La Ceiba, Honduras. The ecosystem Is characterized as tropical rain forest having 2700 mm of rainfall per year and an average annual temperature of 27°C with 82% relative humidity. Soils in the region are characterized by having an average soil pH of 4.9, have low levels of available N and P, high levels of Fe and intermediate levels of Mn. A randomized complete block design was employed with 4 replications. Plot size was 2 x 3 m encompassing 3 rows. In each block three rates of biogas effluent were applied at 250,500 and 750 kg N/ha/year. An added check with zero effluent was also included. The grass was cut at the surface of the soil every 56 days and the application of effluent was made in split applications. The results indicate that these treatments increased yield at least 25 % above the check. In the first cuttings there was a tendency to decrease yields although final cuttings demonstrated increased yields. This same response was observed in plant protein, especially in the last cutting where a 48 % increase was obtained. The best  treatmentrelative to forage production and protein content was found when 500 kg N/ha/year was applied.

scholarly journals Necessity of the inclusion of borders in value of cultivation and use trials in upland rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Eduardo Forni De Mattos ◽  
Flávia Barbosa Silva Botelho ◽  
Gabriel Mendes Vilella ◽  
Douglas Goulart Castro ◽  
Bruno Manoel Rezende Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Crop Research

Experimental accuracy in crop research is directly affected by the size of plots. For this reason, researchers use empirical knowledge to determine plot size. There are also other important aspects for determining ideal plot size. These include the type of crop and the use, or not, of borders. The objective of this research was to verify the necessity of including border material in the value of cultivation and use trials in breeding programs of upland rice and to evaluate the experimental accuracy with and without the inclusion of borders. The research was conducted in an experimental area at the Federal University of Lavras, located in the State of Minas Gerais, during three harvests (2014/2015, 2015/2016, 2016/2017). Thirteen upland rice strains and methods of evaluation (useful area and border) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to evaluate grain yield. Individual analyses of variance were performed considering the useful areas and the borders for the three agricultural years. A joint analysis was also performed with the use of a subdivided plot involving the location of the harvest in terms of the useful area and border among the rice strains. It was concluded it is necessary to use borders in the value of cultivation and use trials in breeding programs of upland rice as it contributes to the performance and experimental accuracy of research results.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH, KABUPATEN JAYAPURA, PAPUA

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Rohimah Handayani Sri Lestari ◽  
Fransiskus Palobo
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Almost All

Shallots is one of the important commodities in Indonesia. Demand for these commodities always increases along with population growth. To fulfill this demand, the production of shallots must always be increased. One way to increase the production of shallots is by fertilizing. This study aims to determine the dosage of NPK fertilizer which gives the best results for the growth and yield of shallots. The study was carried out in Sentani District, Papua Province, from November 2016 until March 2017.The study used the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments NPK Phonska fertilization (NPK 15-15-15 composition) and four repplication. NPK fertilizer used were: 1) NPK 300 kg/ha, 2) 250 kg/ha, and 3) 200 kg/ha. The meterials used were shaloot bulbs Keta Monca cultivar. The plot size was 1 x 5 m, with a spacing of 15 x 15 cm. NPK fertilizer was given at the age of 14 and 30 days after planting respectively with the dose of ½. The variables observed were plant height, leaf number, bulbs number per sample, diameter of bulbs, dry weight bulb per hectare The results showed that the treatment of NPK fertilizer dosage did not give a significant effect on almost all observation variables except on the dry weight of eskip bulb, where the treatment dose of 200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer gave the highest yield compared to other treatments. When observed from the growth components and production components, the dose of NPK fertilizer 200 kg/ha is the most consistent to provide better growth and yield.

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