scholarly journals Crassulacean acid metabolism and fitness under water deficit stress: if not for carbon gain, what is facultative CAM good for?

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Good For

scholarly journals Transcriptional profiles of organellar metabolite transporters during induction of crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Kore-eda ◽  
Chiyuki Noake ◽  
Masahisa Ohishi ◽  
Jun-ichi Ohnishi ◽  
John C. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Metabolite Transport ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Metabolite transport across multiple organellar compartments is essential for the operation of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). To investigate potential circadian regulation of inter-organellar metabolite transport processes, we have identified eight full-length cDNAs encoding an organellar triose phosphate / Pi translocator (McTPT1), a phosphoenolpyruvate / Pi translocator (McPPT1), two glucose-6-phosphate / Pi translocators (McGPT1, 2), two plastidic Pi translocator-like proteins (McPTL1, 2), two adenylate transporters (McANT1, 2), a dicarboxylate transporter (McDCT2), and a partial cDNA encoding a second dicarboxylate transporter (McDCT1) in the model CAM plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. We next investigated day / night changes in steady-state transcript abundance of each of these transporters in plants performing either C3 photosynthesis or CAM induced by salinity or water-deficit stress. We observed that the expression of both isogenes of the glucose-6-phosphate / Pi translocator (McGPT1, 2) was enhanced by CAM induction, with McGPT2 transcripts exhibiting much more pronounced diurnal changes in transcript abundance than McGPT1. Transcripts for McTPT1, McPPT1, and McDCT1 also exhibited more pronounced diurnal changes in abundance in the CAM mode relative to the C3 mode. McGPT2 and McDCT1 transcripts exhibited sustained oscillations for at least 3 d under constant light and temperature conditions suggesting their expression is under circadian clock control. McTPT1 and McGPT2 transcripts were preferentially expressed in leaf tissues in either C3 or CAM modes. The leaf-specific and / or circadian controlled gene expression patterns are consistent with McTPT1, McGPT2 and McDCT1 playing CAM-specific metabolite transport roles.

A relationship between fecundity, survival, and the operation of crassulacean acid metabolism in Talinum triangulare

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1908-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Angélica Taisma ◽  
Ana Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Nocturnal Acid Accumulation ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

In plants of the perennial, deciduous herb Talinum triangulare, crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is induced by drought; therefore, CAM may be an adaptation to water deficit in this species. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of water deficit on fecundity and CAM in plants of T. triangulare. Plants were grown from seed in the greenhouse and the life table was constructed with dynamic cohorts. CAM was induced by drought in plants as young as 45 days old, and its induction was associated with a significant rise in fecundity; values of survival beta mean fecundity by age-class were 30-50% higher in plants subjected to drought than in control plants due to a rise in fecundity. Plants subjected to drought produced more and lighter seeds, which germinated faster than their watered controls. These characteristics could be advantageous for a colonizing species such as T. triangulare. Plants obtained from the germination of seeds of plants subjected to drought did not show higher values of nocturnal acid accumulation when subjected to drought than the droughted offspring of watered plants but they showed higher survival and an earlier and higher reproductive effort than plants obtained from the germination of seeds of watered plants. The fact that values of survival beta mean fecundity were higher in plants subjected to drought than in watered plants suggests, within the context of the life history, that characters associated with the CAM syndrome may be adaptive.Key words: fitness, inducible CAM, life table.

scholarly journals Nutrient Solutions and Drought in Plant Growth and Fructans Content of Agave potatorum Zucc

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1581-1584
Author(s):  
Lucia Armin Langlé-Argüello ◽  
Gabino Alberto Martínez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Patricia Araceli Santiago-García ◽  
Cirenio Escamirosa-Tinoco ◽  
Isidro Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Induce Stress ◽  
Agave Potatorum ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The Agave potatorum Zucc. is a wild species endemic to Oaxaca and Puebla, Mexico. The stem or “head” of the plants of this species contains a large amount of fructans, which, in conjunction with their crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), helps the agave to survive droughts. The soluble carbohydrates are used to produce mezcal. The objective was to evaluate growth and content of fructans of A. potatorum young plants grown in soil and perlite substrate, fertigated with three nutrient solutions, and subjected to drought. Eight-month-old plants were used and, for 15 months, were fertigated with nutrient solutions: 1) Steiner, 2) Hoagland and Arnon, and 3) Urrestarazu. Irrigation was later suspended to simulate a 5-month drought and induce stress. During fertigation, the vegetative growth was greater in plants irrigated with Hoagland and Arnon and Urrestarazu solutions in perlite and in soil. After the period of water deficit stress, plants in perlite substrate fertigated with the Hoagland and Arnon solution accumulated more fructans in the heads, reaching a maximum of 75%, than plants in soil substrate (42%).

Malate Accumulation in Leaf Slices of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in Relation to Osmotic Gradients Between the Cells and the Medium

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Winter ◽  
U Luttge
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Intact Leaves

Leaf slices of two sets of M. crystallinum plants were used in the present study. The first set were plants grown in 400 mM NaCl and showing diurnal oscillations of malate levels typical of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). The second set were plants grown in non-saline media and exhibiting no CAM-like diurnal malate fluctuations. Both sets of leaf slices accumulated malate during a 12-h light or dark period, depending on the osmotic pressure of the incubation medium. Highest malate accumulations were obtained when media were isotonic or slightly hypertonic. These osmotic characteristics are similar to those of leaf slices of the CAM plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana as reported elsewhere. However, discrepancies are observed in light and temperature dependence. Unlike in K. daigremontiana leaf slices and in intact leaves with CAM (i.e. also in intact leaves of M. crystallinum grown on highly saline media), in both sets of M. crystallinum leaf slices used here light stimulated malate accumulation. Compared to 15°C, 25°C had either no effect on malate accumulation or stimulated malate accumulation. After leaf slices had accumulated malate in the dark in isotonic or slightly hypertonic media, malate accumulation continued in the light when the osmolarity of the medium remained unchanged. When the osmotic pressure of the medium was lowered considerably, however, malate accumulation in the light was much reduced or else there was a loss of malate from the tissue. Mechanisms different from CAM may be partially involved in the changes of malate levels in these experiments. The significance of the experimental results for the interpretation of the balance between net carbon gain via C3 pathway and CAM in M. crystallinum is discussed.

Photosynthetic and anatomical characteristics in the C4–crassulacean acid metabolism-cycling plant Portulaca grandiflora

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonnie J. Guralnick ◽  
Gerald Edwards ◽  
Maurice S. B. Ku ◽  
Brandon Hockema ◽  
Vince Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
O2 Evolution ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora

This paper originates from a presentation at the IIIrd International Congress on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia, August 2001. Portulaca grandiflora (Lind.) is a succulent species with C4 photosynthesis and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) cycling in leaves, and CAM-idling type photosynthesis in stems. We investigated the level and localization of carbon fixation enzymes and photosynthetic activity of leaves and stems of P. grandiflora under well-watered and drought conditions. As CAM activity increased during water stress, the leaf water-storage tissue collapsed, presumably transferring water to the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, and so maintaining the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Tissue prints indicated an increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the water-storage tissue of leaves and the cortex of stems. Immunoblot analyses after 10 d of water stress showed that leaves had a slight decrease in the proteins of the C4-CAM pathway, while at the same time a new isoform of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) appeared. In contrast, the stem showed increases in proteins of the CAM pathway when water stressed. Under water stress, diurnal fluctuation in acidity in leaves was not accompanied by a net gain or loss of CO2 at night, and there was sustained, but decreased, fixation of CO2 during the day, characteristic of CAM cycling. High gross rates of O2 evolution were maintained during the day under water stress, suggesting induction of alternative electron sinks. With induced diurnal fluctuations in acidity in stems, there was no net carbon gain during the day or night. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the stem of P. grandiflora is an inducible CAM-idling tissue. Our results also indicate that the C4 and CAM pathways operate independently of one another in P. grandiflora.

The study of important agronomic traits by multivariate analysis in winter rapeseed cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Gader Ghaffari ◽  
Farhad Baghbani ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Eigenvalue ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In order to group winter rapeseed cultivars according to evaluated traits, an experiment was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tabriz - IRAN. In the experiment were included 12 cultivars of winter rapeseed and 3 levels of water deficit stress. Gypsum blocks were used to monitor soil moisture. Water deficit stress was imposed from stem elongation to physiological maturity. According to the principal component analysis, five principal components were chosen with greater eigenvalue (more than 0.7) that are including 81.34% of the primeval variance of variables. The first component that explained the 48.02% of total variance had the high eigenvalue. The second component could justify about 13.64% of total variance and had positive association with leaf water potential and proline content and had negative relationship with leaf stomatal conductivity. The third, fourth and fifth components expressed around, 10.18, 4.83 and 4.68% of the total variance respectively. The third component had the high eigenvalue for plant dry weight. The fourth component put 1000-seed weight, seed yield, Silique per Plant and root dry weight against plant dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf water potential. The fifth component had the high eigenvalue for root dry weight, root volume and 1000-seed weight.

scholarly journals EMS Derived Wheat Mutant BIG8-1 (Triticum aestivum L.)—A New Drought Tolerant Mutant Wheat Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5314
Author(s):  
Marlon-Schylor L. le Roux ◽  
Nicolas Francois V. Burger ◽  
Maré Vlok ◽  
Karl J. Kunert ◽  
Christopher A. Cullis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Drought response in wheat is considered a highly complex process, since it is a multigenic trait; nevertheless, breeding programs are continuously searching for new wheat varieties with characteristics for drought tolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a mutant known as RYNO3936 that could survive 14 days without water. In this study, we reveal another mutant known as BIG8-1 that can endure severe water deficit stress (21 days without water) with superior drought response characteristics. Phenotypically, the mutant plants had broader leaves, including a densely packed fibrous root architecture that was not visible in the WT parent plants. During mild (day 7) drought stress, the mutant could maintain its relative water content, chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and stomatal conductance, with no phenotypic symptoms such as wilting or senescence despite a decrease in soil moisture content. It was only during moderate (day 14) and severe (day 21) water deficit stress that a decline in those variables was evident. Furthermore, the mutant plants also displayed a unique preservation of metabolic activity, which was confirmed by assessing the accumulation of free amino acids and increase of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidases and glutathione S-transferase). Proteome reshuffling was also observed, allowing slow degradation of essential proteins such as RuBisCO during water deficit stress. The LC-MS/MS data revealed a high abundance of proteins involved in energy and photosynthesis under well-watered conditions, particularly Serpin-Z2A and Z2B, SGT1 and Calnexin-like protein. However, after 21 days of water stress, the mutants expressed ABC transporter permeases and xylanase inhibitor protein, which are involved in the transport of amino acids and protecting cells, respectively. This study characterizes a new mutant BIG8-1 with drought-tolerant characteristics suited for breeding programs.

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