B-71 The Effect of Bilingualism on Verbal and Design Fluency Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1019
Author(s):  
A Bueno ◽  
W Lopez Hernandez ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
J Knight ◽  
C McElwee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Category Fluency ◽  
Design Fluency ◽  
Verbal Category ◽  
Function Language ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts neurocognitive function. Language is also known to influence test performances. We examined the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on verbal and design fluency tests. Method The sample (N = 74) consisted of 33 healthy controls (18 bilingual; 15 monolingual), 15 acute TBI participants (6 bilingual; 9 monolingual), and 26 chronic TBI participants (15 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Letter Fluency (DKEFS-LF), Category Fluency (DKEFS-CF), Category Switching Fluency (DKEFS-CSF), and global verbal fluency composite (DKEFS-GVF) scores assessed verbal fluency; DKEFS fill-dots (DKEFS-FD), empty dots (DFEFS-ED), dot switching (DKEFS-DS), and global design fluency composite (DKEFS-GDF) scores assessed design fluency; and global verbal and non-verbal fluency composite (DKEFS-GF) assessed overall fluency. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the effect of monolingualism/bilingualism on fluency performance in TBI and controls. Results The groups (control and TBI groups) differed for DKEFS-LF, p = .048, ηp² = .09, DKEFS-CF, p = .000, ηp² = .21, DKEFS-GVF, p = .004, ηp² = .15, DKEFS-ED, p = .008, ηp² = .13, DKEFS-GF, p = .001, ηp² = .20, with controls outperforming TBI groups on the DKEFS-CF, DKEFS-GVF, and DKEFS-GF. Furthermore, controls outperformed acute TBI participants on the DKEFS-LF and DKEFS-ED. Main effects were found for bilingualism/monolingualism on DKEFS-CF, p = .035, ηp² = .06, with bilinguals outperforming monolinguals. No interactions were found. Conclusion The TBI group had poor verbal and design fluency in contrast controls. Unexpectedly, bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on a task of verbal category fluency. Revealing that in the present study bilinguals have better semantic verbal fluency abilities.

scholarly journals B-68 The Effect of Bilingualism on Stroop Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1016
Author(s):  
J Knight ◽  
A Arzuyan ◽  
W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
R Cervante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neurocognition. Speaking multiple languages can also influence cognitive test performances. We examined the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on a task of attention and response inhibition (Stroop Color Word Test; SCWT). Method The sample (N = 96) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. The SCWT included the word (SCWT-W), color (SCWT-C), and color-word interference (SCWT-I) conditions. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to examine the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on SCWT performances. Results Group effects (control and TBI groups) were found for all Stroop measures. We found main effects of TBI on SCWT-W, p = .013, ηp² = .09, SCWT-C, p = .001, ηp² = .14, and SCWT-I, p = .022, ηp² = .08, with the controls outperforming acute TBI survivors on SCWT-I, chronic TBI survivors on SCWT-W, and both TBI groups on SCWT-C. We also observed main effects of language for SCWT-C, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and SCWT-I, p = .003, ηp² = .09, with the monolinguals outperforming bilinguals on SCWT-C and SCWT-I. However, no significant interactions between TBI and language were found. Conclusion As expected, the control group outperformed TBI survivors on the SCWT. Monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on all Stroop measures except SCWT-W condition. Our findings seem to suggest that monolingual speakers may have better attention and response inhibition abilities that resulted in better SCWT performance.

scholarly journals A-145 Evaluating Attention and Processing Speed and Executive Functioning Abilities in Hispanic Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-939
Author(s):  
Olmos W ◽  
Lopez-Hernandez D ◽  
Knight J ◽  
Saravia S ◽  
Litvin P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Design Fluency ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objective We examined the effects of attention/processing speed (APS) and executive functioning (EF) in Hispanic and Caucasian traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and healthy comparison participants (HC). Method The sample consisted of 45 HC (21 Hispanics & 24 Caucasian), 28 acute TBI (ATBI; 10 Hispanics & 18 Caucasians), and 26 chronic TBI (CTBI; 9 Hispanics; 17 Caucasians) participants. ATBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury; CTBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Oral, SDMT Written, Stroop Word, Stroop Color, and Trail Making Test (TMT) part A were used to create an APS composite (APSC) score. Stroop color-word, TMT part B, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System verbal fluency composite score, and design fluency composite score were used to create an EF composite (EFC) score. Results ANOVAs were used to evaluate group differences. Main effects were found on APSC, p = .000, with HC and CTBI outperforming the ATBI group. Also, we found the HC group outperformed both TBI groups on EFC, p = .000. Furthermore, we found differences between racial/ethnic groups, with Caucasians outperforming Hispanics on EFC performance, p = .029. No interactions were found. Conclusion Overall, HC demonstrated better EF compared to both TBI groups, but only APS compared to the ATBI group. Also, CTBI survivors demonstrated better APS abilities compared to ATBI survivors. Our findings suggest improvement in APS during the later stages of TBI recovery. Finally, Caucasians demonstrated better EF compared to Hispanics.

scholarly journals Predicting Behavioral Deficits in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Through Uncinate Fasciculus Integrity

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad P. Johnson ◽  
Jenifer Juranek ◽  
Larry A. Kramer ◽  
Mary R. Prasad ◽  
Paul R. Swank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBehavioral dysregulation is a common and detrimental consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children that contributes to poor academic achievement and deficits in social development. Unfortunately, behavioral dysregulation is difficult to predict from either injury severity or early neuropsychological evaluation. The uncinate fasciculus (UF) connects orbitofrontal and anterior temporal lobes, which are commonly implicated in emotional and behavioral regulation. Using probabilistic diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we examined the relationship between the integrity of the UF 3 months post-injury and ratings of executive functions 12 months post-injury in children with moderate to severe TBI and a comparison group with orthopedic injuries. As expected, fractional anisotropy of the UF was lower in the TBI group relative to the orthopedic injury group. DTT metrics from the UF served as a biomarker and predicted ratings of emotional and behavior regulation, but not metacognition. In contrast, the Glasgow Coma Scale score was not related to either UF integrity or to executive function outcomes. Neuroanatomical biomarkers like the uncinate fasciculus may allow for early identification of behavioral problems and allow for investigation into the relationship of frontotemporal networks to brain-behavior relationships. (JINS, 2011, 17, 663–673)

scholarly journals B-67 The Effect of Bilingualism on Executive Functioning Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015
Author(s):  
R Cervantes ◽  
W Lopez Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
A Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Performance Validity Testing ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often exhibit problems with executive function (EF). Language use can also impact EF test performances. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on several EF tests. Method The sample (N = 94) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 30 acute TBI participants (10 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. Stroop Color-Word (SCW), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Letter Fluency (DKEFS-LF), Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) and a EF global composite (EF-GC) were used to assess EF. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on EF performances. Results Main effects were found between groups (control and TBI groups) on SCW, p = .046, ηp² = .07, TMT-B, p = .042, ηp² = .07, and EF-GC, p = .005, ηp² = .13; the 6-month TBI group performed worse than controls on TMT-B and EF-GC. Main effects were found for bilingualism/ monolingualism on SCW, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and TMT-B, p = .034, ηp² = .05; monolingual participants performed better than bilingual participants. No significant interactions between TBI and language were found. Conclusion The TBI group underperformed on SCW, TMT-B, and EF-GC compared to controls; relative to monolinguals, bilinguals underperformed on the SCW and TMT-B only. In conclusion, our findings seem to suggest that monolinguals have better cognitive flexibility compared to bilinguals that result in better EF performances.

scholarly journals A-106 Analysis of Switching and Clustering Performance in Anglo-Americans and Hispanic Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Comparison Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-899
Author(s):  
Fatoorechi S ◽  
Lopez-Hernandez D ◽  
Mangassarian S ◽  
Litvin P ◽  
Knight J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Semantic Clustering ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Switching Strategies

Abstract Objective Research shows traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors underperform compared to healthy comparison participants (HC) on verbal fluency tasks. Verbal fluency is typically comprised of two tasks: letter fluency and semantic fluency. During verbal fluency trials, participants often cluster responses and switch between clusters, which can serve as measures of executive control and organization. Also, research shows that Anglo-Americans (AA) outperformed ethnic minorities on various aspects of cognitive functioning. We examined the relationship between TBI and ethnic diversity on letter fluency, semantic fluency, switching, and clustering. Method The sample included 45 HC adults (21 Hispanics; 24 AA), 33 acute TBI adults (ATBI; 11 Hispanics; 22 AA), and 26 chronic TBI adults (CTBI; 9 Hispanics; 17 AA). Results The groups were well matched, with the exception of gender. ANCOVAs, controlling for gender, revealed HC outperformed ATBI participants on letter fluency, p = .007, ηp2 = .10, letter switching, p = .006, ηp2 = .10, and semantic switching, p = .018, ηp2 = .08. We also found HC outperformed both TBI groups in sematic fluency performances, p = .000, ηp2 = .15. Next, we found Hispanics outperformed AA on letter clustering, p = .003, ηp2 = .09 and semantic clustering, p = .010, ηp2 = .07. Finally, an interaction emerged in letter clustering, p = .044, ηp2 = .06, with the Hispanic ATBI outperforming the AA ATBI group. Conclusion The HC group outperformed both TBI groups only on semantic fluency, but they outperformed the ATBI survivors on letter fluency, letter switching, and semantic switching. Hispanics outperformed AA on letter clustering and semantic clustering, suggesting the use of clustering over switching strategies to provide verbal fluency responses in this group.

Exploring the relationship between cognition and functional verbal reasoning in adults with severe traumatic brain injury at six months post injury

Brain Injury ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Avramović ◽  
Belinda Kenny ◽  
Emma Power ◽  
Skye McDonald ◽  
Robyn Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Verbal Reasoning ◽  
The Relationship

Criterion Validity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Fluency Subtests After Traumatic Brain Injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie-Ann H. Strong ◽  
David Tiesma ◽  
Jacobus Donders
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Function System ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Design Fluency ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe performance of 65 patients with complicated mild–severe traumatic brain injury was evaluated on the Verbal and Design Fluency subtests of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), and compared with that of 65 demographically matched healthy controls. There were statistically significant group differences on Letter Fluency and Category Switching but not on any of the Design Fluency tasks. Combined, these two Verbal Fluency subtests had a classification accuracy of 65.39%, associated with a likelihood ratio of 1.87. The impact of length of coma on Letter Fluency performance but not Category Switching was mediated at least in part by processing speed. The findings suggest modest criterion validity of some of the D–KEFS Verbal Fluency subtests in the assessment of patients with complicated mild–severe traumatic brain injury. (JINS, 2011, 17, 230–237)

scholarly journals Sedation-Induced Burst Suppression Predicts Positive Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Frohlich ◽  
Micah A. Johnson ◽  
David L. McArthur ◽  
Evan S. Lutkenhoff ◽  
John Dell'Italia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
The Relationship

While electroencephalogram (EEG) burst-suppression is often induced therapeutically using sedatives in the intensive care unit (ICU), there is hitherto no evidence with respect to its association to outcome in moderate-to-severe neurological patients. We examined the relationship between sedation-induced burst-suppression (SIBS) and outcome at hospital discharge and at 6-month follow up in patients surviving moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). For each of 32 patients recovering from coma after moderate-to-severe TBI, we measured the EEG burst suppression ratio (BSR) during periods of low responsiveness as assessed with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The maximum BSR was then used to predict the Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSe) at discharge and at 6 months post-injury. A multi-model inference approach was used to assess the combination of predictors that best fit the outcome data. We found that BSR was positively associated with outcomes at 6 months (P = 0.022) but did not predict outcomes at discharge. A mediation analysis found no evidence that BSR mediates the effects of barbiturates or propofol on outcomes. Our results provide initial observational evidence that burst suppression may be neuroprotective in acute patients with TBI etiologies. SIBS may thus be useful in the ICU as a prognostic biomarker.

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