scholarly journals Ornament Size and Symmetry: Is the tail a Reliable Signal of Male Quality in the Red-Collared Widowbird?

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Keith W. Goddard ◽  
Michael J. Lawes
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Male Quality ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trait Size

Abstract Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) may provide a direct test of whether sexual selection via “arbitrary traits” or “good genes” is responsible for the evolution of epigamic traits, because FA is an epigenetic measure of stress during development. However, tests of the FA hypothesis have yielded equivocal results, and the debate between arbitrary traits and good genes continues. The FA hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between ornament size and asymmetry. In non-ornamental traits, a U-shaped relationship between trait size and asymmetry is expected. We tested these predictions in the Red-collared Widowbird (Euplectes ardens) by examining the relationship between size and asymmetry in the length of the tail, tarsus, and wing. We found no significant linear or second-order polynomial relationships between trait size and asymmetry. Furthermore, no relationship existed between asymmetry and two indices of body condition. This suggests that the tail is not a reliable signal of male quality in the Red-collared Widowbird. However, we argue that the assumptions of the FA hypothesis are too simplistic for this conclusion to be drawn with a high degree of confidence.

Do financial development and law enforceability effect the relationship between net working capital and firm value? Empirical evidence from Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nufazil Altaf
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between net working capital and firm value for a sample of 2,483 firms across 16 Asian countries. In addition, this study also examines the impact of degree of financial development and law enforceability on net working capital-firm value relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on secondary financial data of 2,483 Asian firms obtained from Bloomberg database, pertaining to a period of five years. This study employs the fixed effects approach to arrive at results.FindingsResults of the study confirm a strong negative relationship between net working capital and firm value. In addition, the author also found that the negative relationship between net working capital and firm value to be strong for countries that have a high degree of financial development and law enforceability.Originality/valueUnlike prior studies, this study examines the relationship between net working capital and firm value. In addition, this study also tests the impact of degree of financial development and law enforceability on this relationship. To the best knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the Asian context.

scholarly journals Data Analytics Applied to Coal Fired Boilers for Detecting Leaks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natarianto Indrawan ◽  
Rupendranath Panday ◽  
Lawrence J. Shadle ◽  
Umesh K. Chitnis
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Process ◽  
Process Measurement ◽  
Power Cycling ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Data analytics were used to detect boiler leaks from five different coal-fired boilers including both subcritical and supercritical systems. Discriminant functions were developed that detected leaks up to two weeks prior to forced plant shutdowns for repairs. The leaks were identified to occur at different sections of the boiler for each plant, including waterwalls, economizer and superheater using conventional process measurement data. Leaking conditions were detected with a high degree of confidence (≪ 1% misclassified observations) and were able to distinguish normal operations from those time periods with steam leaks even while operating the power plants in power cycling mode. Multivariable statistical analyses, including Principal Component (PCA), cluster, and Fischer Discriminant Analysis (FDA) were used to characterize the leak occurrence. Normal and operational states with steam leaks were provided in the original process datasets. These datasets were split into two different groups for training and validation purposes. The data were sorted chronologically, and every third observation was assigned to training the Discriminant Function Model (DFM) while the rest were reserved for validation. PCA was used to reduce dimensionality of the original datasets. Canonical and FDA analyses were used to investigate the relationship between process variables. The outcome of the analyses revealed that nearly 35,000 observations were classified correctly; less than 0.05% of total observations were misclassified to be leaking, i.e. both false positives and false negatives.

scholarly journals An Epistemic Argument in Support of Liberal Neutrality

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Mariano Garreta Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Small Probability ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Liberal Neutrality ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Importance ◽  
The Ideal

My aim in the present paper is to develop a new kind of argument in support of the ideal of liberal neutrality. This argument combines some basic moral principles with a thesis about the relationship between the correct standards of justification for a belief/action and certain contextual factors. The idea is that the level of importance of what is at stake in a specific context of action determines how demanding the correct standards to justify an action based on a specific set of beliefs ought to be. In certain exceptional contexts –where the seriousness of harm in case of mistake and the level of an agent’s responsibility for the outcome of his action are specially high– a very small probability of making a mistake should be recognized as a good reason to avoid to act based on beliefs that we nonetheless affirm with a high degree of confidence and that actually justify our action in other contexts. The further steps of the argument consist in probing 1) that the fundamental state’s policies are such a case of exceptional context, 2) that perfectionist policies are the type of actions we should avoid, and 3) that policies that satisfy neutral standards of justification are not affected by the reasons which lead to reject perfectionist policies.

scholarly journals A re-examination of ENSO/ anti-ENSO events and simultaneous performance of the Indian summer monsoon

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
J. CHATTOPADHYAY ◽  
R. BHATLA
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

The relationship between ENSO/anti-ENSO events in the Pacific basin and simultaneous all India monsoon has been re-examined for the period 1901-1990 using Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The result shows that there is fairly strong association between ENSO events and dry monsoon years. There exists a weak teleconnection between anti-ENSO events and wet monsoon indicating that anti-ENSO events have only a moderate impact on the Indian monsoon rainfall. Developing ENSO (anti-ENSO) episodes during the monsoon season indicates non-occurrence of simultaneous floods (droughts) with a very high degree of confidence 70 (50) percent of the droughts (floods) during the above period have occurred during ENSO (anti-ENSO) events indicating that extreme monsoon activities in the form of droughts (floods) might be important factors for the occurrence of simultaneous ENSO/anti-ENSO events.

scholarly journals Chemical evidence for the persistence of wine production and trade in Early Medieval Islamic Sicily

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. e2017983118
Author(s):  
Léa Drieu ◽  
Paola Orecchioni ◽  
Claudio Capelli ◽  
Antonino Meo ◽  
Jasmine Lundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Transport Amphorae ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Although wine was unquestionably one of the most important commodities traded in the Mediterranean during the Roman Empire, less is known about wine commerce after its fall and whether the trade continued in regions under Islamic control. To investigate, here we undertook systematic analysis of grapevine products in archaeological ceramics, encompassing the chemical analysis of 109 transport amphorae from the fifth to the eleventh centuries, as well as numerous control samples. By quantifying tartaric acid in relation to malic acid, we were able to distinguish grapevines from other fruit-based products with a high degree of confidence. Using these quantitative criteria, we show beyond doubt that wine continued to be traded through Sicily during the Islamic period. Wine was supplied locally within Sicily but also exported from Palermo to ports under Christian control. Such direct evidence supports the notion that Sicilian merchants continued to capitalize on profitable Mediterranean trade networks during the Islamic period, including the trade in products prohibited by the Islamic hadiths, and that the relationship between wine and the rise of Islam was far from straightforward.

Mate Choice and Aerobic Capacity in Red Junglefowl

Behaviour ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 511-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Kwan ◽  
Marlene Zuk ◽  
Mark A. Chappell ◽  
Torgeir S. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Male Quality ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Red Junglefowl ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn 'good genes' models of sexual selection, females choose mates whose genes confer increased survival value to offspring. One possible index of male quality is aerobic capacity (the metabolic basis of sustainable exercise), which is likely to be important for fitness. If it is both heritable and ecologically valuable, high aerobic capacity would be a direct signal of male genetic quality. If aerobic capacity is phenotypically plastic but dependent on health, it may provide an indirect index of male quality in other heritable traits (e.g. pathogen resistance). We examined the relationship between courtship behaviour, aerobic capacity (measured as maximum rates of oxygen consumption), and mating success in red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). We also tested the effects of intestinal parasites (the nematode Ascaridia galli) and plasma testosterone levels on aerobic capacity and behaviour. We found no relationship between testosterone and behaviour, mating success, or aerobic capacity. A. galli infection changed the relationship between mass and aerobic capacity; infected males had lower aerobic capacity than uninfected males, but only for small males. Discriminant function analysis suggested that aerobic capacity and display behaviour, together with male ornaments (comb size and colour), were the most important factors determining the mating success of males. However, aerobic capacity and display rate were not strongly correlated, and the manner by which females can discriminate among males with differing aerobic capacity is unclear.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Relationship of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Production Deviance: Role of Perceived Organizational Politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-382
Author(s):  
Irsa Fatima Makhdoom ◽  
Mohsin Atta ◽  
Najma Iqbal Malik
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Production Deviance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was an endeavor to extend the literature of perceived organizational politics by examining its moderating role between the relationship of organizational citizenship behavior and production deviance. Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (Mackenzie, Podsakoff, & Paine, 1999), Production Deviance sub-scale of Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist-32 (Spector et al., 2006), and Perception of Organizational Politics Scale (Kacmar & Carlson, 1997) were used in present study. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that low levels of perceived organizational politics moderated the relationship between courtesy and production deviance by strengthening the negative relationship of these behaviors while perceived organizational politics did not act as a moderator for the relationship of civic virtue and conscientiousness with production deviance. High level of go-along-to-get-ahead as a moderator strengthened the relationship of civic virtue and conscientiousness with production deviance and its low level was found to be moderating the relationship between courtesy and production deviance. Future implications of the study were also discussed.

Work Stress and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs) in Call Centers Employees

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita ◽  
Urvashi Singh ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Rajnee Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between organisational stress and organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) in employees of call centers. The study also further explored as how stress at work set-up has negative impact on OCBs. A sample of 250 employees working in call centre of Gurgaon belonging to an age group of 25-30 years were selected on availability basis. All were working married couples living in nuclear families. Job stress survey (Spielberger & Vagg, 1999) and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (Bateman & Organ, 1983) were administered. Data was analysed by using simple correlation and multiple regression. Results showed the negative relationship between organisational stress and OCBs. Results of regression analysis also exhibited the negative impact of stress on OCBs. The implications for the employees are discussed.

The Relationship Among Job Satisfaction, Oreganizational Commitiment and Employees’ Turnover at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Chiemeke Kingsley Chiedu ◽  
Choi Sang Long ◽  
Hapriza BT Ashar
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Employee Turnover Intentions ◽  
The Relationship

Employee turnover has become a key performance indicator for many organizations as they struggle to retain talented employees. The negative impact of turnover on organizational performance has continually forced organizational leaders to seek better ways of retaining valuable employees. The relationship between man and work has always attracted the attention of philosophers. A major part of men’s life is spent at work. Work is social reality and social expectation to which men seem to conform. It not only provides status to the individual but also binds him to the society. An employee who is satisfied with his job would perform his duties well and be committed to his job, and subsequently to his organization. This paper examines relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employees’ turnover intentions at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria. The data for this study was collected from 117 employees currently working at Unilever Nigeria PLC using the survey method via the questionnaire. Pearson Correlation and the multiple regression analysis techniques using the SPSS version 22.0 was used for the data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that both job satisfaction and organizational commitment have significant negative relationship with employee turnover intentions. In addition, organizational commitment was revealed to have a more dorminant influence on employee turnover intentions than job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the implications, recommendations, practice, and theory were discussed.

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