Mutation in genes coding for glucose-induced degradation-deficient protein contribute to high malate production in yeast strains No. 28 and No. 77 used for industrial brewing of sake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Negoro ◽  
Atsushi Kotaka ◽  
Hiroki Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Nonsense Mutation ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Alcohol Fermentation ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Yeast Strains

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces organic acids including malate during alcohol fermentation. Since malate contributes to the pleasant flavor of sake, high-malate-producing yeast strain No. 28 and No. 77 have been developed by the Brewing Society of Japan. In this study, the genes responsible for the high malate phenotype in these strains were investigated. We had found previously that the deletion of components of the glucose induced degradation-deficient (GID) complex led to high malate production in yeast. Upon examining GID protein-coding genes in yeast strain No. 28 and No. 77, a nonsense homozygous mutation of GID4 in strain No. 28, and of GID2 in strain No. 77, were identified as the cause of high malate production. Furthermore, complementary tests of these mutations indicated that the heterozygous nonsense mutation in GID2 was recessive. In contrast, the heterozygous nonsense mutation in GID4 was considered semi-dominant.

scholarly journals Alcoholic Fermentation with different Saccharomyces Strains and its Effect of Mash Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Viktoria Kapcsandi ◽  
Erika Lakatos Hanczne ◽  
Agnes Nagy ◽  
Rita Szekelyhidi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Pre Treatment

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. bayanus) on the fermentation with or without additional pectinase. The organic acids products (tartaric, malic, and succinic acid), carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) utilized, and ethanol produced were examined by HPLC. The efficiency of fermentation was affected by several parameters such as the preparation procedure of the fruits, like temperature (18�C), yeast strain applied, pH adjustment (3.2), the dosage of yeast nutrient and application of pectinase. We have found that pectinase pre-treatment and S. cerevisiae could significantly alter the amount of the examined components, which changed the quality of the end product. We have also experienced significant (p≤0.05) differences in the sugar utilisation of yeast strains as well as organic acid contents in the different stages of fermentation, where the samples fermented with spontaneous and identified yeast strains.

scholarly journals Analysis of thepdx-1(snz-1/sno-1) Region of theNeurospora crassaGenome: Correlation of Pyridoxine-Requiring Phenotypes With Mutations in Two Structural Genes

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Bean ◽  
William H Dvorachek ◽  
Edward L Braun ◽  
Allison Errett ◽  
Gregory S Saenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Previous Conclusion ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Shared Function ◽  
High Gene

AbstractWe report the analysis of a 36-kbp region of the Neurospora crassa genome, which contains homologs of two closely linked stationary phase genes, SNZ1 and SNO1, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Homologs of SNZ1 encode extremely highly conserved proteins that have been implicated in pyridoxine (vitamin B6) metabolism in the filamentous fungi Cercospora nicotianae and in Aspergillus nidulans. In N. crassa, SNZ and SNO homologs map to the region occupied by pdx-1 (pyridoxine requiring), a gene that has been known for several decades, but which was not sequenced previously. In this study, pyridoxine-requiring mutants of N. crassa were found to possess mutations that disrupt conserved regions in either the SNZ or SNO homolog. Previously, nearly all of these mutants were classified as pdx-1. However, one mutant with a disrupted SNO homolog was at one time designated pdx-2. It now appears appropriate to reserve the pdx-1 designation for the N. crassa SNZ homolog and pdx-2 for the SNO homolog. We further report annotation of the entire 36,030-bp region, which contains at least 12 protein coding genes, supporting a previous conclusion of high gene densities (12,000-13,000 total genes) for N. crassa. Among genes in this region other than SNZ and SNO homologs, there was no evidence of shared function. Four of the genes in this region appear to have been lost from the S. cerevisiae lineage.

scholarly journals New Lager Brewery Strains Obtained by Crossing Techniques Using Cachaça (Brazilian Spirit) Yeasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Inez Carvalho Figueiredo ◽  
Margarete Alice Fontes Saraiva ◽  
Paloma Patrick de Souza Pimenta ◽  
Miriam Conceição de Souza Testasicca ◽  
Geraldo Magela Santos Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Acetate Esters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Lager Beer ◽  
New Yeast ◽  
Beer Production

ABSTRACT The development of hybrids has been an effective approach to generate novel yeast strains with optimal technological profile for use in beer production. This study describes the generation of a new yeast strain for lager beer production by direct mating between two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from cachaça distilleries: one that was strongly flocculent, and the other with higher production of acetate esters. The first step in this procedure was to analyze the sporulation ability and reproductive cycle of strains belonging to a specific collection of yeasts isolated from cachaça fermentation vats. Most strains showed high rates of sporulation, spore viability, and homothallic behavior. In order to obtain new yeast strains with desirable properties useful for lager beer production, we compare haploid-to-haploid and diploid-to-diploid mating procedures. Moreover, an assessment of parental phenotype traits showed that the segregant diploid C2-1d generated from a diploid-to-diploid mating experiment showed good fermentation performance at low temperature, high flocculation capacity, and desirable production of acetate esters that was significantly better than that of one type lager strain. Therefore, strain C2-1d might be an important candidate for the production of lager beer, with distinct fruit traces and originating using a non-genetically modified organism (GMO) approach. IMPORTANCE Recent work has suggested the utilization of hybridization techniques for the generation of novel non-genetically modified brewing yeast strains with combined properties not commonly found in a unique yeast strain. We have observed remarkable traits, especially low temperature tolerance, maltotriose utilization, flocculation ability, and production of volatile aroma compounds, among a collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from cachaça distilleries, which allow their utilization in the production of beer. The significance of our research is in the use of breeding/hybridization techniques to generate yeast strains that would be appropriate for producing new lager beers by exploring the capacity of cachaça yeast strains to flocculate and to ferment maltose at low temperature, with the concomitant production of flavoring compounds.

Effects of mutations of GID protein–coding genes on malate production and enzyme expression profiles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4971-4983
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Negoro ◽  
Kengo Matsumura ◽  
Fumio Matsuda ◽  
Hiroshi Shimizu ◽  
Yoji Hata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

scholarly journals Generation of a Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain That Exhibits Strong Maltose Utilization and Hyperosmotic Resistance Using Nonrecombinant Techniques

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 4346-4348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Higgins ◽  
Philip J. L. Bell ◽  
Ian W. Dawes ◽  
Paul V. Attfield
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Foods ◽  
Bread Dough ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Maltose Utilization ◽  
Mass Mating ◽  
Screening Systems

ABSTRACT A yeast strain capable of leavening both unsugared and sweet bread dough efficiently would reduce the necessity of carrying out the expensive procedure of producing multiple baker's yeast strains. But issues involving the use of genetically modified foods have rendered the use of recombinant techniques for developing yeast strains controversial. Therefore, we used strong selection and screening systems in conjunction with traditional mass mating techniques to develop a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiaethat efficiently leavens both types of dough.

scholarly journals Glycosidically-Bound Volatile Phenols Linked to Smoke Taint: Stability during Fermentation with Different Yeasts and in Finished Wine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4519
Author(s):  
Brandon Whitmore ◽  
Stephanie McCann ◽  
Matthew Noestheden ◽  
Eric Dennis ◽  
Sarah Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
General Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
The Stability

When wine grapes are exposed to smoke, there is a risk that the resulting wines may possess smoky, ashy, or burnt aromas, a wine flaw known as smoke taint. Smoke taint occurs when the volatile phenols (VPs) largely responsible for the aroma of smoke are transformed in grape into a range of glycosides that are imperceptible by smell. The majority of VP-glycosides described to date are disaccharides possessing a reducing β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety. Here, a two-part experiment was performed to (1) assess the stability of 11 synthesized VP-glycosides towards general acid-catalyzed hydrolysis during aging, and (2) to examine whether yeast strains differed in their capacity to produce free VPs both from these model glycosides as well as from grapes that had been deliberately exposed to smoke. When fortified into both model and real wine matrices at 200 ng/g, all VP-disaccharides were stable over 12 weeks, while (42–50 ng/g) increases in free 4-ethylphenol and p-cresol were detected when these were added to wine as their monoglucosides. Guaiacol and phenol were the most abundantly produced VPs during fermentation, whether originating from natural VP-precursors in smoked-exposed Pinot Noir must, or due to fortification with synthetic VP-glycosides. Significant yeast strain-specific differences in glycolytic activities were observed for phenyl-β-d-glycopyranoside, with two strains (RC212 and BM45) being unable to hydrolyze this model VP, albeit both were active on the guaiacyl analogue. Thus, differences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucosidase activity appear to be influenced by the VP moiety.

scholarly journals Landscape of the Dark Transcriptome Revealed through Re-mining Massive RNA-Seq Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Urminder Singh ◽  
Zebulun Arendsee ◽  
Eve Syrkin Wurtele
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Yeast Data ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Developmental Conditions ◽  
Expression Matrix

AbstractThe “dark transcriptome” can be considered the multitude of sequences that are transcribed but not annotated as genes. We evaluated expression of 6,692 annotated genes and 29,354 unannotated ORFs in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome across diverse environmental, genetic and developmental conditions (3,457 RNA-Seq samples). Over 48% of the transcribed ORFs have translation evidence. Phylostratigraphic analysis infers most of these transcribed ORFs would encode species-specific proteins (“orphan-ORFs”); hundreds have mean expression comparable to annotated genes. These data reveal unannotated ORFs most likely to be protein-coding genes. We partitioned a co-expression matrix by Markov Chain Clustering; the resultant clusters contain 2,468 orphan-ORFs. We provide the aggregated RNA-Seq yeast data with extensive metadata as a project in MetaOmGraph, a tool designed for interactive analysis and visualization. This approach enables reuse of public RNA-Seq data for exploratory discovery, providing a rich context for experimentalists to make novel, experimentally-testable hypotheses about candidate genes.

scholarly journals Splicing of a yeast intron containing an unusual 5' junction sequence.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2765-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Hodge ◽  
M G Cumsky
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Splice Junction ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Junction Sequence ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Minor Fraction ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Mrna Precursor

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX5b gene contains a small intron that is unique in two respects. First, it interrupts the ATG codon that initiates translation of the COX5b product. Second, it contains a sequence at the 5' splice junction (5'-GCATGT-3') that differs from the highly conserved yeast hexanucleotide (5'-GTAPyGT-3') and from the 5'-GT found at the corresponding position in nearly all introns of eucaryotic protein-coding genes. We have analyzed both the transcripts derived from the COX5b gene and the splicing of its intron. We show here that an unspliced mRNA precursor constituted a minor fraction of the total COX5b message, even when the gene was overexpressed. We also show that both major transcripts derived from COX5b had been spliced. Our results suggest that at least in the case of COX5b, a 5'-GC can function as efficiently as the highly conserved 5'-GT in the splicing reaction.

scholarly journals Interactions of Sen1, Nrd1, and Nab3 with Multiple Phosphorylated Forms of the Rpb1 C-Terminal Domain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chinchilla ◽  
Juan B. Rodriguez-Molina ◽  
Doris Ursic ◽  
Jonathan S. Finkel ◽  
Aseem Z. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Terminal Domain

ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEN1 gene codes for a nuclear, ATP-dependent helicase which is embedded in a complex network of protein-protein interactions. Pleiotropic phenotypes of mutations in SEN1 suggest that Sen1 functions in many nuclear processes, including transcription termination, DNA repair, and RNA processing. Sen1, along with termination factors Nrd1 and Nab3, is required for the termination of noncoding RNA transcripts, but Sen1 is associated during transcription with coding and noncoding genes. Sen1 and Nrd1 both interact directly with Nab3, as well as with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. It has been proposed that Sen1, Nab3, and Nrd1 form a complex that associates with Rpb1 through an interaction between Nrd1 and the Ser 5 -phosphorylated (Ser 5 -P) CTD. To further study the relationship between the termination factors and Rpb1, we used two-hybrid analysis and immunoprecipitation to characterize sen1-R302W , a mutation that impairs an interaction between Sen1 and the Ser 2 -phosphorylated CTD. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicates that the impairment of the interaction between Sen1 and Ser 2 -P causes the reduced occupancy of mutant Sen1 across the entire length of noncoding genes. For protein-coding genes, mutant Sen1 occupancy is reduced early and late in transcription but is similar to that of the wild type across most of the coding region. The combined data suggest a handoff model in which proteins differentially transfer from the Ser 5 - to the Ser 2 -phosphorylated CTD to promote the termination of noncoding transcripts or other cotranscriptional events for protein-coding genes.

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