Frequency of Food Shopping and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objectives To examine the relationship between frequency of food shopping and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in adults. Methods A systematic review, guided by the Cochrane handbook, was conducted across four online databases: PudMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if published in a peer reviewed journal through March 2019, included adults (³ 18 years of age), and were conducted in the United States. Any study using a cross-sectional, longitudinal cohort, or randomized study design that examined the relationship between the exposure variable of frequency of food shopping (defined as purchasing foods at a grocery store, farmer's market, corner store, convenience store, specialty store, mobile produce van) and outcome variable, FV intake was selected. Study quality was reviewed using the Quality Control Checklist. Due to heterogeneity across study designs and variable measurement, the systematic review findings were qualitatively summarized. Results A total of 1021 records were reviewed after 488 duplicates were removed and 69 were selected for full review. Twenty met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The majority of studies (75%) found evidence of a positive association between the frequency of food shopping and FV intake, such that as frequency increased so did FV intake. The majority of studies received a neutral rating for study quality as most studies (85%) had a cross-sectional or longitudinal design and lacked a consistent definition of frequency of food shopping. FV intake was assessed using self-report measures with only one study using 24-hour recalls. Conclusions There is evidence to show a positive relationship between frequency of food shopping and increased FV intake. More frequent shopping may be an important strategy to incorporate as part of nutrition education, especially within food assistance programs as it may promote FV intake. Given food shopping frequency was broadly defined across food store types that were variable, future research should consider examining if store type influences FV intake. Funding Sources None.

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Impact of Health Literacy on Medication Engagement Among Adults With Diabetes in the United States: A Systematic Review

The Diabetes Educator ◽

10.1177/0145721720932837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 335-349

Author(s):

Charles C. Chima ◽

Aya Abdelaziz ◽

Chisom Asuzu ◽

Bettina M. Beech

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Journal Article ◽

Positive Association ◽

The United States ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Measure Of Association

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review is to assess evidence of a relationship between health literacy and medication engagement (formerly referred to as medication adherence) among adults with diabetes mellitus in the United States. Methods Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus from the inception of each database to April 2020. Studies were included if they met all of the following criteria: (1) conducted in the United States, (2) the population of interest was adults ≥18 years with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, (3) medication engagement was an outcome variable, (4) a direct and not a mediating relationship between health literacy and medication engagement was assessed, (5) a quantifiable measure of association was reported, and (6) a full-text journal article or dissertation was available. Quality of published evidence was graded according to Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists appropriate for the respective study designs identified. Results Thirteen articles from 11 unique studies were retained in the review, most of which used a cross-sectional design. Four out of 11 studies found a direct positive association between health literacy and medication engagement. Two of the 4 studies with positive findings had significant methodological shortcomings. Conclusions There is some evidence that health literacy is associated with medication engagement among adults with diabetes in the United States. Properly designed and executed longitudinal studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between health literacy and medication engagement among adults with diabetes.

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The Relationship between Vitamin C and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16142472 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 2472 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Akio Tada ◽

Hiroko Miura

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

The Relationship

Vitamin C is important for preventing and slowing the progression of many diseases. There is significant evidence linking periodontal disease and vitamin C. We aimed to systematically review the studies addressing the relationship between vitamin C and periodontal disease, and the preventive ability of vitamin C against periodontal disease. Electric searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies addressing the relationships between periodontal disease and vitamin C in adults aged over 18 years were included. Quality assessment was done using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program guideline and GRADE-CERQual. There were 716 articles that were retrieved and 14 articles (seven cross-sectional studies, two case-control studies, two cohort studies, and three randomized controlled trials (RCT)) were selected after reviewing all of the articles. The vitamin C intake and blood levels were negatively related to periodontal disease in all seven cross-sectional studies. The subjects who suffer from periodontitis presented a lower vitamin C intake and lower blood-vitamin C levels than the subjects without periodontal disease in the two case-control studies. The patients with a lower dietary intake or lower blood level of vitamin C showed a greater progression of periodontal disease than the controls. The intervention using vitamin C administration improved gingival bleeding in gingivitis, but not in periodontitis. Alveolar bone absorption was also not improved. The present systematic review suggested that vitamin C contributes to a reduced risk of periodontal disease.

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Determining the Correlation Between Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v120.21.4629.4629 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (21) ◽

pp. 4629-4629

Author(s):

S Tanzil Rahman ◽

Jorge Burneo ◽

Blanca Del Pozzo-Magana ◽

Erin Boyce ◽

Alejandro Lazo-Langner

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽

Case Control ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Seizure Disorders ◽

Patients With Epilepsy ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Abstract 4629 Background: Seizures are frequently found in patients with autoimmune diseases such as lupus and APS. Recent publications concluded that APLAs are associated with seizures and their presence results in more poor control. Conversely, the presence of auto-antibodies directed against different targets, including APLA, voltage-gated potassium channels, c-aminobutyric acid B receptor, GAD, and others, have been identified in up to 20% of newly-diagnosed epilepsy patients and there is increasing evidence of their pathogenic role. Objective: We sought to evaluate the relationship between epilepsy and antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) and/or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). This was done by means of a systematic review of the literature. We sought to answer four questions: 1) Are epilepsy and seizure disorders more prevalent among pts. with aPLAS/aPLAs?; 2) Is aPLAS more prevalent among patients with epilepsy or seizure disorders?; 3) In those with seizure disorders, is there a heightened prevalence of aPLAs?; 4) Does the presence and titre of aPLAs determine the severity and/or frequency of seizures, in these patients? Design/Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between APLA (including anticardiolipin Ab, anti beta-2-glycoprotein-1 Ab, and lupus anticoagulant) and epilepsy. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Healthstar, the Cochrane library, LILACS, Scopus and grey literature. We included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies studying the prevalence of epilepsy in patients with APS and/or +APLA, the prevalence of +APLA and/or APS in patients with epilepsy, and the severity of the seizures in patients with +APLA and/or APS. Results: The search retrieved 837 relevant references and 79 were retrieved for full review. We included in the final review 24 studies (19 case-control, 3 cohort and 2 cross-sectional). In 3 cohorts, including 1585 patients with APS, the frequency of epilepsy ranged between 3.4 and 8.5%. In 16 case-control studies, including 3893 patients, the OR for +APLA and/or APS in patients with epilepsy ranged from 0.60 to 13.3 in individual studies. In 2 case-control studies, including 804 patients, the OR for epilepsy in patients with +APLA and/or APS ranged from 0.83 to 2.82 in individual studies. An OR or RR could be calculated in only 17 studies, and within this group, twelve positive and five negative studies were identified. No meta-analysis was conducted due to the high heterogeneity of designs. In 4 studies, an association was found between +APLA and seizure frequency and severity. In positive studies there was no correlation between +APLA, epilepsy and cerebral ischemia. Conclusions: We conclude that +APLA/APS might be related with higher risk and severity of epilepsy, however further studies using accepted consensus definitions for APLA positivity, more stringent methodology and appropriate subgroup analysis are needed. Disclosures: Lazo-Langner: Pfizer: Honoraria; Leo Pharma: Honoraria.

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Assessing the Relationship Between Life Events and Internet Addiction Disorder Among Adolescents and College Students: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60490/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Wang ◽

Wei Peng ◽

Qinghong Hao ◽

Mimi Qiu ◽

Yalin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Life Events ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Study Quality ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Internet Addiction Disorder ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background The increasing number of adolescents and college students who overuse the Internet is a global problem, brought a series of physical and mental harm to them. Systematic and standardized clinical treatment plan has not yet been formed, early intervention of its influencing factors, However, may help to reduce the symptoms of over-dependence to a certain extent. In this study, we will synthesize the present studies to evaluate the relationship and the mediating factors between life events and internet addiction disorder among adolescents and college students. Methods From inception to 25 March 2020, and contains the following databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wan Fang Data, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, MEDLINE. All observational studies will be included. No restriction on gender, race, or nation. Two reviewers (JW and YT) will independently conduct study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment, any discrepancies will be settled by a third author (WP). Study quality will be assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The main outcome is several scales include YDQ, CIAS-R, IAT, ASLEC, LES and other high-quality scales on IAD and life events. We will use Review Manager 5.3 software to assess bias risk and data synthesis of each study.DiscussionThe findings of this study may provide a helpful reference for the intervention of Internet addiction disorder among adolescents and college students.Systematic review registrationCRD42020177316

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Association Between Asthma and Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Frontiers in Allergy ◽

10.3389/falgy.2021.741135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Lin-Lin Kang ◽

Pei-En Chen ◽

Tao-Hsin Tung ◽

Ching-Wen Chien

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between asthma and migraine and assess the risk for migraine in patients with asthma.Methods: We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases from inception to September 26, 2021, for indexed observational studies that examined either the odds or risk of migraine in subjects with asthma. The qualities of the included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio for case-control and cross-sectional studies and the risk ratio for cohort studies.Results: Seven observational studies (four cross-sectional and three cohort studies) with a total of 549,534 study subjects were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis and selected for data extraction. Four articles were considered to be of moderate quality; other studies were considered to be of high quality. Asthma was associated with increased odds (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.39–2.45) and risk of migraine (RR, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.52–1.90).Conclusions: The available evidence that supports the existence of an association between asthma and migraine is limited. Clinicians should be aware that patients with asthma show both increased prevalence and incidence of migraine. Further studies are warranted to further clarify the relationship between asthma and migraine.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=185881, identifier: CRD42020185881.

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Rehabilitation Intensity and Patient Outcomes in Skilled Nursing Facilities in the United States: A Systematic Review

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzaa230 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel A Prusynski ◽

Allison M Gustavson ◽

Siddhi R Shrivastav ◽

Tracy M Mroz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Hospital Readmissions ◽

The United States ◽

Skilled Nursing Facilities ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Nursing Facilities ◽

Skilled Nursing ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective Exponential increases in rehabilitation intensity in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) motivated recent changes in Medicare reimbursement policies, which remove financial incentives for providing more minutes of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Yet there is concern that SNFs will reduce therapy provision and patients will experience worse outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between therapy intensity and patient outcomes in SNFs. Methods PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, and COCHRANE databases were searched. English-language studies published in the United States between 1998 and February 14, 2020, examining the relationship between therapy intensity and community discharge, hospital readmission, length of stay (LOS), and functional improvement for short-stay SNF patients were considered. Data extraction and risk of bias were performed using the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Classification of Evidence scale for causation questions. AAN criteria were used to assess confidence in the evidence for each outcome. Results Eight observational studies met inclusion criteria. There was moderate evidence that higher intensity therapy was associated with higher rates of community discharge and shorter LOS. One study provided very low-level evidence of associations between higher intensity therapy and lower hospital readmissions after total hip and knee replacement. There was low-level evidence indicating higher intensity therapy is associated with improvements in function. Conclusions This systematic review concludes, with moderate confidence, that higher intensity therapy in SNFs leads to higher community discharge rates and shorter LOS. Future research should improve quality of evidence on functional improvement and hospital readmissions. Impact This systematic review demonstrates that patients in SNFs may benefit from higher intensity therapy. Because new policies no longer incentivize intensive therapy, patient outcomes should be closely monitored to ensure patients in SNFs receive high-quality care.

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Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11010011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Francesca Favieri ◽

Andrea Marini ◽

Maria Casagrande

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Inadequate Response ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.

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Effect of somatometric parameters on the prevalence and severity of varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology ◽

10.1186/s12958-021-00695-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Runqing Li ◽

Junjie Liu ◽

Yushan Li ◽

Quanxian Wang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Regression Test ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Q Statistic ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Published studies have shown contradictory results regarding the relationship between somatometric parameters and varicoceles. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the possible effects of age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) on the presence and severity of varicoceles. Methods Databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published up to March 2020. Two researchers independently identified eligible articles and extracted data. Cochran’s Q statistic and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed using StataSE 12.0 software (StataCorp LP, USA). Random-effects models were used to obtain the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. Results The search strategy produced 272 articles, of which 18 articles were eligible according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 56,325 patients with varicocele and 1,334,694 patients without varicocele were included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of somatometric parameters on the presence and severity of varicocele. The overall results demonstrated that the presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height (WMD = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.74, P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with BMI (WMD = − 1.35, 95% CI = -1.67 to − 1.03, P < 0.001) but not with age (WMD = -0.93, 95% CI = -2.19 to 0.33, P = 0.149) or weight (WMD = 0.24, 95% CI = -2.24 to 2.72, P = 0.850). The severity of varicocele was inversely correlated with increased BMI but not with age. Conclusion The presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height and inversely correlated with BMI.

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Efficacy of hydrofibre dressing following total joint arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Hip International ◽

10.1177/11207000211012669 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112070002110126

Author(s):

Raman Mundi ◽

Harman Chaudhry ◽

Seper Ekhtiari ◽

Prabjit Ajrawat ◽

Daniel M Tushinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Joint Infection ◽

The United States ◽

Joint Arthroplasty ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Observable Effect ◽

The Impact

Introduction: In the United States, over 1,000,000 total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgeries are performed annually and has been forecasted that this number will exceed 4,000,000 by the year 2030. Many different types of dressing exist for use in TJA surgery, and it is unclear if any of the newer, hydrofibre dressings are superior to traditional dressings at reducing rates of infections or improving wound healing. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of hydrofiber dressings on reducing complications. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the online databases MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing hydrofibre dressings to a standard dressing were included. Summary measures are reported as odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our primary outcome was prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Secondary outcomes included blisters, dressing changes and wound irritation. Results: 5 RCTs were included. Hydrofibre dressing had no observable effect on PJI or wound irritation (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.14–1.98; p = 0.35). Hydrofibre dressings reduced the rate of blisters (OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14–0.90; p = 0.03) and number of dressing changes (MD -1.89; 95% CI, -2.68 to -1.11). Conclusions: In conclusion, evidence suggests hydrofibre dressings have no observable effect on PJI and wound irritation. Evidence for reduction in blisters and number of dressings is modest given wide CIs and biased trial methodologies. Use of hydrofibre dressings should be considered inconclusive for mitigating major complications in light of current best evidence.

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The Opioid Epidemic and Homicide in the United States

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0022427820986848 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002242782098684

Author(s):

Richard Rosenfeld ◽

Joel Wallman ◽

Randolph Roth

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Death Rate ◽

The United States ◽

Opioid Epidemic ◽

Drug Markets ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Homicide Rates ◽

Overdose Death ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between the opioid epidemic and homicide rates in the United States. Methods: A county-level cross-sectional analysis covering the period 1999 to 2015. The race-specific homicide rate and the race-specific opioid-related overdose death rate are regressed on demographic, social, and economic covariates. Results: The race-specific opioid-related overdose death rate is positively associated with race-specific homicide rates, net of controls. The results are generally robust across alternative samples and model specifications. Conclusions: We interpret the results as reflecting the violent dynamics of street drug markets, although more research is needed to draw definitive conclusions about the mechanisms linking opioid demand and homicide.

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