Impact of Health Literacy on Medication Engagement Among Adults With Diabetes in the United States: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-349
Author(s):  
Charles C. Chima ◽  
Aya Abdelaziz ◽  
Chisom Asuzu ◽  
Bettina M. Beech
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Measure Of Association

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review is to assess evidence of a relationship between health literacy and medication engagement (formerly referred to as medication adherence) among adults with diabetes mellitus in the United States. Methods Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus from the inception of each database to April 2020. Studies were included if they met all of the following criteria: (1) conducted in the United States, (2) the population of interest was adults ≥18 years with a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, (3) medication engagement was an outcome variable, (4) a direct and not a mediating relationship between health literacy and medication engagement was assessed, (5) a quantifiable measure of association was reported, and (6) a full-text journal article or dissertation was available. Quality of published evidence was graded according to Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists appropriate for the respective study designs identified. Results Thirteen articles from 11 unique studies were retained in the review, most of which used a cross-sectional design. Four out of 11 studies found a direct positive association between health literacy and medication engagement. Two of the 4 studies with positive findings had significant methodological shortcomings. Conclusions There is some evidence that health literacy is associated with medication engagement among adults with diabetes in the United States. Properly designed and executed longitudinal studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between health literacy and medication engagement among adults with diabetes.

Readability of Online Health Information: A Meta-Narrative Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Daraz ◽  
Allison S. Morrow ◽  
Oscar J. Ponce ◽  
Wigdan Farah ◽  
Abdulrahman Katabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
General Public ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Online Health Information ◽  
Cross Sectional

Online health information should meet the reading level for the general public (set at sixth-grade level). Readability is a key requirement for information to be helpful and improve quality of care. The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate the readability of online health information in the United States and Canada. Out of 3743 references, the authors included 157 cross-sectional studies evaluating 7891 websites using 13 readability scales. The mean readability grade level across websites ranged from grade 10 to 15 based on the different scales. Stratification by specialty, health condition, and type of organization producing information revealed the same findings. In conclusion, online health information in the United States and Canada has a readability level that is inappropriate for general public use. Poor readability can lead to misinformation and may have a detrimental effect on health. Efforts are needed to improve readability and the content of online health information.

scholarly journals What is the prevalence of current alcohol dependence and how is it measured for Indigenous people in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teagan J. Weatherall ◽  
Katherine M. Conigrave ◽  
James H. Conigrave ◽  
K. S. Kylie Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Alcohol

Abstract Background Alcohol affects Indigenous communities globally that have been colonised. These effects are physical, psychological, financial and cultural. This systematic review aims to describe the prevalence of current (12-month) alcohol dependence in Indigenous Peoples in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America, to identify how it is measured, and if tools have been validated in Indigenous communities. Such information can help inform estimates of likely treatment need. Methods A systematic search of the literature was completed in six electronic databases for reports on current alcohol dependence (moderate to severe alcohol use disorder) published between 1 January 1989–9 July 2020. The following data were extracted: (1) the Indigenous population studied; country, (2) prevalence of dependence, (3) tools used to screen, assess or diagnose current dependence, (4) tools that have been validated in Indigenous populations to screen, assess or diagnose dependence, and (5) quality of the study, assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Results A total of 11 studies met eligibility criteria. Eight were cross-sectional surveys, one cohort study, and two were validation studies. Nine studies reported on the prevalence of current (12-month) alcohol dependence, and the range varied widely (3.8–33.3% [all participants], 3–32.8% [males only], 1.3–7.6% [females only]). Eight different tools were used and none were Indigenous-specific. Two tools have been validated in Indigenous (Native American) populations. Conclusion Few studies report on prevalence of current alcohol dependence in community or household samples of Indigenous populations in these four countries. Prevalence varies according to sampling method and site (for example, specific community versus national). Prior work has generally not used tools validated in Indigenous contexts. Collaborations with local Indigenous people may help in the development of culturally appropriate ways of measuring alcohol dependence, incorporating local customs and values. Tools used need to be validated in Indigenous communities, or Indigenous-specific tools developed, validated and used. Prevalence findings can inform health promotion and treatment needs, including funding for primary health care and specialist treatment services.

scholarly journals The Intersection of Food Insecurity and Tobacco Use: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 124S-138S ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin E. Kim-Mozeleski ◽  
Rajshree Pandey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Populations

Cigarette smoking is increasingly concentrated in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, and food insecurity also disproportionately affects lower-income groups. Recent studies have suggested that smoking and food insecurity operate as risk factors for one another, but there is limited understanding of their intersection. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the published literature on the association between food insecurity and tobacco use across population groups in the United States and Canada. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO using key words. Studies included were published in English between 2008 and 2018, reported empirical findings, measured both tobacco use and food insecurity, and considered either variable as a study outcome. Nineteen articles were identified; 6 examined tobacco use as an outcome variable and 13 examined food insecurity as an outcome variable. Most articles were of studies using cross-sectional designs. Study samples ranged from general populations, clinical samples, and underserved populations. For each article, we extracted information including specific findings related to the association between food insecurity and tobacco use. We synthesized the current research by formulating a model by which food insecurity and tobacco use are bidirectionally associated. This scoping review concludes that the co-occurrence of food insecurity and tobacco use exists across populations in the United States and Canada. As the evidence is largely from cross-sectional investigations, there is a need for longer term, comprehensive assessments of relationships between tobacco use and food insecurity. Such investigations can inform policies and interventions aimed toward addressing the inequitable burden of tobacco use and of food insecurity among disadvantaged populations.

scholarly journals Frequency of Food Shopping and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
Amanda Kopetsky ◽  
Samantha Rex ◽  
Sarah Katz ◽  
Shannon Robson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Shopping ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives To examine the relationship between frequency of food shopping and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in adults. Methods A systematic review, guided by the Cochrane handbook, was conducted across four online databases: PudMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if published in a peer reviewed journal through March 2019, included adults (³ 18 years of age), and were conducted in the United States. Any study using a cross-sectional, longitudinal cohort, or randomized study design that examined the relationship between the exposure variable of frequency of food shopping (defined as purchasing foods at a grocery store, farmer's market, corner store, convenience store, specialty store, mobile produce van) and outcome variable, FV intake was selected. Study quality was reviewed using the Quality Control Checklist. Due to heterogeneity across study designs and variable measurement, the systematic review findings were qualitatively summarized. Results A total of 1021 records were reviewed after 488 duplicates were removed and 69 were selected for full review. Twenty met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The majority of studies (75%) found evidence of a positive association between the frequency of food shopping and FV intake, such that as frequency increased so did FV intake. The majority of studies received a neutral rating for study quality as most studies (85%) had a cross-sectional or longitudinal design and lacked a consistent definition of frequency of food shopping. FV intake was assessed using self-report measures with only one study using 24-hour recalls. Conclusions There is evidence to show a positive relationship between frequency of food shopping and increased FV intake. More frequent shopping may be an important strategy to incorporate as part of nutrition education, especially within food assistance programs as it may promote FV intake. Given food shopping frequency was broadly defined across food store types that were variable, future research should consider examining if store type influences FV intake. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Theory-based Behavioral Predictors of Self-reported Use of Face Coverings in Public Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Barile ◽  
Rebecca J Guerin ◽  
Kiva A Fisher ◽  
Lin H Tian ◽  
Andrea H Okun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Predictors ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Predictors Of Adherence

Abstract Background Investigating antecedents of behaviors, such as wearing face coverings, is critical for developing strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine associations between theory-based behavioral predictors of intention to wear a face covering and actual wearing of a face covering in public. Methods Data from a cross-sectional panel survey of U.S. adults conducted in May and June 2020 (N = 1,004) were used to test a theory-based behavioral path model. We (a) examined predictors of intention to wear a face covering, (b) reported use of cloth face coverings, and (c) reported use of other face masks (e.g., a surgical mask or N95 respirator) in public. Results We found that being female, perceived importance of others wanting the respondent to wear a face covering, confidence to wear a face covering, and perceived importance of personal face covering use was positively associated with intention to wear a face covering in public. Intention to wear a face covering was positively associated with self-reported wearing of a cloth face covering if other people were observed wearing cloth face coverings in public at least “rarely” (aOR = 1.43), with stronger associations if they reported “sometimes” (aOR = 1.83), “often” (aOR = 2.32), or “always” (aOR = 2.96). For other types of face masks, a positive association between intention and behavior was only present when observing others wearing face masks “often” (aOR = 1.25) or “always” (aOR = 1.48). Conclusions Intention to wear face coverings and observing other people wearing them are important behavioral predictors of adherence to the CDC recommendation to wear face coverings in public.

The Relationship Between Body Image Concerns and Weight-Related Behaviours of Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravina Santhira Shagar ◽  
Neil Harris ◽  
Jennifer Boddy ◽  
Caroline L. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Body Image Concerns ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

This systematic review investigates evidence on the association between body image concerns and weight-related behaviours of adolescents and emerging adults. It includes peer-reviewed journal articles reporting research involving body image concerns and weight-related behaviours of adolescents and emerging adults, published between 2005–2017, and located through systematic searches from four databases. This review includes studies from 11 countries or regions: United States (n = 13), Asia (n = 9), Europe (n = 8), Middle East (n = 3), South America (Brazil; n = 3), Canada (n = 3), Australia (n = 1), New Zealand (n = 1), Trinidad (n = 1), Turkey (n = 1) and Seychelles (n = 1); 24 different countries (n = 1); three Asian countries and the United States (n = 1). Out of 46 studies included in this review, 45 studies reported a positive association between body image concerns and weight-related behaviours. Adolescents and emerging adults who misperceived their weight engaged in weight-related behaviours. Higher body dissatisfaction had a significant association in the development of eating disorders and extreme weight-loss behaviours. Body image concerns play a significant role in adolescents and emerging adults engaging in weight-related behaviours. Experimental research designs are required to determine the causality of this association. Evidence strongly suggests policy makers and public health practitioners contemplate strategies to promote positive body image and healthy weight-related behaviours among adolescents and emerging adults.

Leveraging Technology in Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Kruse ◽  
Britney Larson ◽  
Reagan Wilkinson ◽  
Roger Samson ◽  
Taylor Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Key Terms

BACKGROUND Incidence of AD continues to increase, making it the most common cause of dementia and the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. 2018 numbers are expected to double by 2030. OBJECTIVE We examined the benefits of utilizing technology to identify and detect Alzheimer’s disease in the diagnostic process. METHODS We searched PubMed and CINAHL using key terms and filters to identify 30 articles for review. We analyzed these articles and reported them in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS We identified 11 technologies used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease: 66% of which used some form of MIR. Functional, structural, and 7T magnetic resonance imaging were all used with structural being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS MRI is the best form of current technology being used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease. MRI is a noninvasive approach that provides highly accurate results in the diagnostic process of Alzheimer’s disease.

A Systematic Review on Barriers to Palliative Care in Oncology

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912098328
Author(s):  
Jyotsana Parajuli ◽  
Judith E. Hupcey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Meta Analyses

The number of people with cancer and the need for palliative care among this population is increasing in the United States. Despite this growing need, several barriers exist to the utilization of palliative care in oncology. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the barriers to palliative care utilization in an oncology population. A systematic review of literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, and Psych Info databases were used for the literature search. Articles were included if they: 1) focused on cancer, (2) examined and discussed barriers to palliative care, and c) were peer reviewed, published in English, and had an accessible full text. A total of 29 studies (8 quantitative, 18 qualitative, and 3 mixed-methods) were identified and synthesized for this review. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 10 participants to 313 participants. The barriers to palliative care were categorized into barriers related to the patient and family, b) barriers related to providers, and c) barriers related to the healthcare system or policy. The factors identified in this review provide guidance for intervention development to mitigate the existing barriers and facilitate the use palliative care in individuals with cancer.

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