scholarly journals Examination of Prenatal Dietary Choline Intake, and Maternal and Infant Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 993-993
Author(s):  
Rosemary Gatliff ◽  
Joshua Phelps ◽  
Christi Arthur ◽  
Aline Andres
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Dietary Choline ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to explore associations between maternal dietary choline intake and diet quality, maternal body mass index (BMI), and infant birth weight. Methods De-identified secondary data from 251 participants in a study involving pregnant women were analyzed to investigate associations between maternal dietary choline intake and infant birth weight; maternal dietary choline intake and 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores; as well as 2015 HEI scores and maternal BMI. HEI scores were calculated from 3-day food records obtained during gestation (<10, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 weeks). Overall dietary choline intake during pregnancy was computed from all food records. Spearman's rank-order correlations, a one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, and a mixed linear model were used to test the hypotheses. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between maternal choline intake and the 1st trimester and 3rd trimester 2015-HEI scores (rs(207) = 0.204, P = 0.003 and rs(207) = 0.249, P = 0.00028, respectively). Median intake of dietary choline, 267 milligrams, was significantly lower (P < 0.0005) than the adequate Intake for pregnant women (450 milligrams). There were trends (0.05 < P < 0.1) pointing to a pattern of negative association between maternal BMI and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester 2015-HEI scores. Mixed model analysis revealed a statistically significant negative correlation (β = −0.001, P = 0.010) between maternal choline intake and infant birth weight. Conclusions As dietary choline increased, there was an associative decrease in birthweight; however, overall diet quality was poor and dietary choline intake was significantly lower than the recommended intake for pregnant women. These findings reflect the current body of evidence that pregnant women are at risk for choline inadequacy and that overall diet quality may help in preventing low choline intake during pregnancy. Funding Sources USDA-ARS Project.

Abstract P098: Maternal Insulin/Glycemic Regulation, Leptin, and Adiposity Levels are Associated with Newborn Adiposity

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Patenaude ◽  
Catherine Allard ◽  
Marilyn Lacroix ◽  
Laeticia Guillemette ◽  
Marie-Claude Battista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Neonatal Adiposity ◽  
Glycemic Regulation ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Introduction: Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that circulates in proportion to body fat. Placenta also produces leptin suggesting a specific role during pregnancy, maybe contributing to pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. Objective: To determine the associations between maternal levels of leptin, glucose and insulin and weight/adiposity measures in newborns. Methods: A population-based cohort of pregnant women in the region of Sherbrooke, Canada was recruited in early pregnancy (n=1040 at 1 st trimester). Maternal anthropometry was measured and blood samples were collected at the 1 st and 2 nd trimesters to measure glucose (hexokinase), leptin and insulin (ELISA Luminex, Millipore Canada). Birth weights were recorded from the medical records in 783 newborns (full term >36 weeks). We measured skinfolds in 199 newborns within 72h after birth, using a standardized caliper. We measured triceps, biceps, subscapular and supra-iliac skinfolds and the sum of skinfolds was used for analysis representing overall neonatal adiposity. Correlations and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between maternal metabolic characteristics and neonatal weight/adiposity measures. Results: Birth weight was associated with maternal body mass index (BMI; r=0.18 and r=0.20 at 1st and 2 nd trimesters respectively; both P <0.001), percent body fat (%bf; r=0.25; P <0.001), weight gain over pregnancy (r=0.14; P <0.001), and fasting leptin (r=0.15, P <0.001). Surprisingly, crude birth weight was not associated with maternal glycemic or insulin levels at 1 st or 2 nd trimesters (all P >0.05). In contrast, sum of skinfolds was associated with maternal fasting glucose (r=0.17, P =0.01) and fasting insulin (r=0.24, P =0.001), in addition to fasting leptin (r=0.18, P =0.01) at 2 nd trimester. Sum of skinfolds was also associated with maternal BMI (r=0.18, P =0.008 at 1 st and r=0.21, P =0.003 at 2 nd trimester) and %bf (r=0.19; P =0.005). After adjustments for maternal BMI or %bf, sum of skinfolds remained significantly associated with maternal fasting insulin (all P <0.05), but not with maternal leptin levels ( P =0.16 to 0.35) Conclusion: These results suggest that maternal insulin/glycemic regulation has a greater impact on neonatal adiposity than overall crude birth weight. Birth weight and neonatal adiposity are both associated with maternal leptin levels, likely representing maternal own adiposity levels that might influence neonatal outcomes directly or indirectly.

scholarly journals Associations between maternal BMI, breastfeeding practices and infant anthropometric status in Colombia; secondary analysis of ENSIN 2010.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Aldana-Parra ◽  
Gilma Olaya ◽  
Mary Fewtrell
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Anthropometric Status

Abstract Background: Maternal malnutrition and infant feeding mode impact short and long term infant and child morbidity and mortality. The period of lactation may provide an opportunity to modulate the risk of disease later in life. Our aim was to estimate the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant feeding mode, particularly breastfeeding practices, on the anthropometric status of children under two years in Colombia. Methods: A secondary analysis was performed using the data from ENSIN 2010. Term infants under 2y, singleton, with a mother older than 18y, were included in the analysis. Outcomes were wasting (WLZ<-2SD), overweight (WLZ>+2SD) and stunting (LAZ<-2SD). Predictors were infant feeding (exclusive and predominant BF constructed from 24-hour recall, age at introduction of liquids, semisolids and solids) and maternal BMI. Socioeconomic variables, maternal education and age, conditions during pregnancy and birth weight were analyzed as covariates. Results: Mothers of overweight infants had higher BMI (Mean dif=1.47 kg/m2; 95% CI=2.1, 0.8) than those with normal weight infants. Stunting and wasting were not predicted by maternal anthropometry or infant feeding mode. Fewer maternal years of education were associated with wasting (OR=0.90; 95% CI=0.86, 0.97; p=0.003) and stunting (OR=0.92; 95% CI=0.89, 0.94; p<0.0001), while more maternal years of education were associated with overweight (OR=1.06; 95% CI=1.02, 1.01; p=0.001); higher birth weight was associated with overweight (OR=1.001; 95% CI=1.00, 1.001; p<0.0001) and lower birth was associated with stunting (OR=0.99; 95% CI=0.89; p<0.0001) in the final regression model. Conclusions: Maternal BMI is a modifiable target for public health policy to promote healthy infant growth. Infant nutritional status is affected by direct and indirect factors that need to be addressed in further studies.

Diet quality and associations with choline intake in pregnant women in Bloemfontein, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. S623
Author(s):  
L. Robb ◽  
G. Joubert ◽  
M. Jordaan ◽  
L. van den Berg ◽  
J. Osei Ngounda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Choline Intake

scholarly journals Associations between Diet Quality and Body Composition in Young Children Born with Very Low Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 2961-2968
Author(s):  
Meghan McGee ◽  
Sharon Unger ◽  
Jill Hamilton ◽  
Catherine S Birken ◽  
Zdenka Pausova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Donor Milk ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Z Scores

ABSTRACT Background Very low birth weight (VLBW; &lt;1500 g) infants have increased adiposity and metabolic disease risk in adulthood. Limited evidence suggests low-quality childhood diets are a predisposing risk factor. Despite this, to our knowledge no study has yet examined associations between diet quality and body composition in VLBW individuals. Objective The objective of this study was to determine associations between Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores and consumption of fruits/vegetables, added sugars, and macronutrients with body composition in 5.5-y-old children born VLBW. We hypothesized HEI-2010 scores were inversely associated with adiposity. Methods This cohort study leveraged the 5.5-y follow-up to the Donor Milk for Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes randomized controlled trial. From June 2016 to July 2018, participants attended a follow-up visit at The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada, or were visited in their home. All 316 surviving infants from the trial were eligible, and the caregivers of 158 children (50%; 53% male) consented to follow-up. Diet quality (HEI-2010) and usual intake of fruits/vegetables, added sugars, and macronutrients were determined from two 24-h dietary recalls (ASA24). Linear regressions evaluated associations of diet with BMI (kg/m2) and waist circumference z-scores, total fat, fat-free mass (air displacement plethysmography), and skinfolds. Results Mean ± SD age at follow-up was 5.7 ± 0.2 y, birth weight was 1013 ± 264 g, and gestational age was 27.9 ± 2.5 wk. Dietary data and BMI z-scores were available for all children; 123 completed air displacement plethysmography. HEI-2010 score was 58.2 ± 12.4 out of 100, and 27% of children had poor quality diets (scores ≤50). HEI-2010 scores were inversely associated with BMI z-score, but only in children with obese mothers. A 10-point increase in HEI-2010 score was associated with reduced BMI (β: −0.5 SD; 95% CI: −0.7, −0.2) and subscapular (−0.3 SD; 95% CI: −0.6, −0.06) z-scores. Conclusions Improving diet quality in children born VLBW with obese mothers may be an important strategy to prevent excess adiposity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as Optimizing Mothers' Milk for Preterm Infants (OptiMoM) Program of Research: Study 1-Impact of Donor Milk at Kindergarten, NCT02759809.

scholarly journals Intake of antioxidants nutrients by pregnant womem: Associated factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro SILVA NETO ◽  
Marilene Brandão TENÓRIO ◽  
Raphaela Costa FERREIRA ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Health System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the intake of antioxidant nutrients by pregnant women being cared for in the Brazilian public health system and associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with pregnant women cared for in the public health system in the city of Maceió, Brazil, in 2014, including 385 pregnant women and their newborns, and the collection of maternal information (socioeconomic, personal, prenatal, dietary and anthropometric data), and after the babies’ birth (gestational age, birth weight and length). Food intake was assessed by two 24-hour dietary reminders per pregnant woman with subsequent adjustments by the Estimated Average Requirement method. Data were processed and Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate associations, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results A total of 388 pregnant women with a mean age of 24.06±5.92 years were studied, with inadequate intake and high variation of the following antioxidants: vitamin A (83.2%/62.7%), vitamin C (50.5%/75.7%), vitamin E (76.5%/60.2%), Selenium (60.8%/50.3%), Copper (98.5%/42.8%) and Zinc (79.6%/43.4%), respectively. Additionally, the following associations were observed: the intake of vitamin A (p=0.02), Copper (p=0.01), and Selenium (p=0.01) with the maternal Body Mass Index; the intake of vitamin A (0.04) and Selenium (p=0.02) with the birth weight; and between vitamin A (p=0.04) with the birth length. Conclusion The low intake of antioxidant nutrients by pregnant women is a reality, being associated to the maternal Body Mass Index and the birth weight and length of the newborn.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Diet Quality and Eating Habits Among WIC Pregnant Women: Implications for Policy and Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla M. Hill ◽  
Danielle L. Nunnery ◽  
Alice Ammerman ◽  
Jigna M. Dharod
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
American Women

Purpose: One of the major federal food assistance programs, the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), serves approximately 1.5 million low-income pregnant women per year; however, limited information is available on their dietary habits. This is critical because low-income women are at higher risk of gaining excess weight during pregnancy. Thus, the study objectives were to (1) determine the overall diet quality of WIC pregnant women and (2) examine diet quality and eating behaviors by race/ethnicity and other sociodemographics. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: One of the 3 WIC offices in a north-central county in North Carolina, USA. Sample: Pregnant women (n = 198) in the second trimester. Measures: Interviews included sociodemographics, food security, diet, and eating behaviors. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 scores. Analysis: Descriptives, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis. Results: Average participant age was 26 years, and the mean HEI-2010 score was 56 of maximum score of 100. Specifically, African American women consumed significantly lower servings of whole grains (β = −1.71; 95% CI: −3.10 to −0.32; P < .05) and dairy (β = −1.42; 95% CI: −2.51 to −0.33; P < .05) compared with non-Hispanic white women. Hispanic women scored higher in daily intake of fruits (β = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.17-1.79; P < .05) and for consuming empty calories in moderation (β = 1.57; 95% CI: 0.06-3.09; P < .05). Frequency of intake of fast foods/outside meals was higher among African American women (57%, P = .025). Conclusion: Efforts are warranted to promote optimal nutrition among WIC pregnant women. Specifically, African American women are highly vulnerable to poor dietary habits during pregnancy. Further investigation of barriers/facilitators for healthy eating is necessary to address nutrition disparities among WIC pregnant women.

Comparison of Diet Quality for Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women

2017 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Hande Nur Onur
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Child Bearing

A woman’s nutritional status prior to and during pregnancy affects foetal development, the course of the pregnancy and her long-term health. This study aims to determine the diets of pregnant and non-pregnant women using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010). The study was performed on 43 non-pregnant and 25 pregnant volunteers, who had no chronic diseases, took no diet treatments and had a mean age of 23.0 ± 30.1 years. Their general features were determined through a questionnaire, dietary intake was measured by 24-hour dietary recall method, diet quality was assessed by HEI-2010 and energy and nutrient intake was calculated by the Nutrition Information System programme. The diet quality of 60.3% of the participants was found to be poor, while 39.7% was average. Although pregnant women had a slightly higher HEI-2010 score, the diet quality was low for all; hence, dieticians should provide nutrition education for all child-bearing aged women. Keywords: Diet quality, healthy eating index, pregnancy nutrition.

scholarly journals Association of Foetal Outcome with Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Tanzina Iveen Chowdhury ◽  
Tasrina Rabia Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Background: The worldwide obesity epidemic continues to be a major public health challenge, particularly in women of childbearing age. There is a need to understand the associations between maternal BMI and perinatal outcome. Objectives: To evaluate recent trends in maternal body mass index (BMI) and to quantify its association with foetal outcome. Methodology: It is a cross sectional study including a total of 384 pregnant women who were primi gravida and carry singleton pregnancy admitted at term in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of DMCH for the management of labour. All the mothers were chosen by purposive sampling. The study populations were classified into four groups according to BMI. Group-I stands for 44 mothers who are underweight, Group-II consists of 234 mothers who are normal weight, Group III represents to 81 mothers who are overweight and Group IV signifies for 25 mothers who are obese. The women with multiple pregnancies, preterm labour and hypertension or diabetes were excluded from the study. Data regarding socio demographic, clinical, obstetrical and foetal outcome were recorded, afterwards the data were edited, managed and analyzed. The observations were plotted into tabular and figure form. The categorical variable was analyzed by chi square test and the quantitative variables were analyzed by ANOVA test. At all level 95% confidence interval & level of significance was p <0.05. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 23. Results: The mean BMI of mothers in different groups (Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV) were 18.37±1.06 kg/m2, 23.77±2.03 kg/m2, 26.54±2.47 kg/m2 and 32.15±1.17 kg/m2 respectively. The average BMI of total 384 mothers was 22.75±4.56 kg/m2. The highest 84% newborn had birth weight >2.5 kg in Group IV whereas 72.7% had ≤2.5 kg birth weight in Group I. Maximum (57%) mothers underwent NVD in Group I as long as the paramount (71%) mothers endured LSCS in Group III. Out of 384, total 180(46.9%) mothers had NVD and 204(53.1%) mothers deferred LSCS. APGAR score ≤7 was found 31.8%, 12.8%, 38.3% and 20% in Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV independently. The P-value showed statistically significant of the groups (P=0.00016). Among 204 LSCS, 167(81.9%) mother sustained emergency and 37(18.1%) undertook elective LSCS. 52.9% of mothers went through LSCS were due to meconium staining liquor in Group IV which was subsequently followed by 46.6% in Group-III. 25.0%, 9.8%, 32.1% and 16% neonates required NICU admission in Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV severally. There was a moderately positive significant correlation between maternal BMI and neonatal birth weight (r=+.383, p<0.001). All the statistics of requirements of NICU between one another group showed statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Our study shows that maternal BMI has an effect on foetal outcome. Low BMI is associated with adverse perinatal outcome in terms of low birth weight while high BMI is associated macrosomia, LSCS and neonatal NICU admission. Regarding NICU requirements overweight mothers had more association with foetal outcome rather than obese. Therefore, definitely there is a role of pre pregnancy counseling regarding maintenance of weight of women especially during reproductive age group to maintain normal BMI as to have better perinatal outcome.

scholarly journals Multi-strain Probiotic Increases the Gut Microbiota Diversity in Obese Pregnant Women: Results from a Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Ingdam Halkjær ◽  
Victoria Elisabeth de Knegt ◽  
Bobby Lo ◽  
Lisbeth Nilas ◽  
Dina Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Infant Birth

Abstract Background: Maternal obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy may have positive effects on blood glucose, gestational weight gain (GWG), and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The primary aim was to determine the feasibility of probiotic intervention in obese pregnant women from the early second trimester until delivery. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of daily probiotic supplementation on GWG, maternal glucose homeostasis, infant birthweight, and maternal gut microbiota. We carried out a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study in 50 obese pregnant women. Participants were randomly allocated to two treatment groups, multi-strain probiotic [Vivomixx®] or placebo at 14–20 weeks of gestation until delivery. Participants were followed with two pre-delivery visits at gestational week 27-30 and 36-37 and with one post-delivery visit 2-3 days after birth. All visits included blood and fecal sampling. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at inclusion and gestational week 27-30. Results: Forty-nine participants completed the study. Thirty-eight participants took more than 80% of the Vivomixx® capsules (n=21), placebo (n=17). There was no significant difference in HbA1c levels and the occurrence of GDM between groups. There was no significant difference in GWG and infant birth weight between groups in intention to treat analysis. There was, however, a lower mean GWG (11.9 vs 13.0 kg) and lower mean infant birthweight (3554 vs 3658 g) in the probiotic group in the per protocol analysis, due to sample size this difference did not reach statistical significance. Fecal microbiota analyses showed an overall increase in α-diversity over time in the Vivomixx® group only (p=0.016). Conclusions: Administration of probiotics during pregnancy is feasible in obese women. Multi-strain probiotic can modulate the gut microbiota in obese women during pregnancy. A larger study population is needed to uncover whether the results regarding lower GWG and infant birth weight after probiotic supplementation are significant. Trial registration: ClincalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02508844, registered on May 11, 2015.

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