scholarly journals Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Depression in Cancer Patients and Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan R McCusker ◽  
Richard P Bazinet ◽  
Adam H Metherel ◽  
Roberta Yael Klein ◽  
Arjun Kundra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Elaidic Acid ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRACT Background Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are known to have inflammatory effects. The inflammatory hypothesis of depression suggests that omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids might be negatively and positively correlated with depression, respectively. Objective An exploratory study was conducted to determine the association between dietary free fatty acids and depressive symptoms in cancer patients and caregivers. Methods Associations between depression and the NEFA pool were investigated in 56 cancer patients and 23 caregivers using a combination of nonparametric tests and regularized regression. Plasma NEFAs were measured using thin layer and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Depression was characterized both as a continuous severity score using the GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID Ham-D), and as a categorical diagnosis of major depression by structured clinical interview. Results Initial hypotheses regarding the relation between depression and omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids were not well supported. However, elaidic acid, a trans-unsaturated fatty acid found in hydrogenated vegetable oils, was found to be negatively correlated with continuous depression scores in cancer patients. No significant associations were found in caregivers. Conclusions An unexpected negative association between elaidic acid and depression was identified, supporting recent literature on the role of G protein–coupled receptors in depression. Further research is needed to confirm this result and to evaluate the potential role of G protein agonists as therapeutic agents for depression in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Role of omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acids in fetal programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirajan Shrestha ◽  
Simone L. Sleep ◽  
James S.M. Cuffe ◽  
Olivia J. Holland ◽  
Anthony V. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

W1915 Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Colorectal Cancer Patients in Relation to Tumor Localization

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. A-753
Author(s):  
Krystyna Sztefko ◽  
Diana M. Hodorowicz-Zaniewska ◽  
Jolanta Bugajska ◽  
Joanna Berska ◽  
Piotr Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Localization ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

scholarly journals ELOVL2 is required for robust visual function in zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Dasyani ◽  
Fangyuan Gao ◽  
Qianlan Xu ◽  
Donald Van Fossan ◽  
Ellis Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Retina Development ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTOmega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in membrane stability and cell signaling within the retina. Elovl2, an elongase involved in synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), has recently been implicated in regulating aging in the mammalian retina. In this work, we characterize the expression and function of elovl2 in retina development in embryonic zebrafish. Whole mount in situ hybridization shows elovl2 is expressed in the Müller glia in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Lipidomics analysis of elovl2 crispants whole embryos at day 2 and eyes at day 7 demonstrated significant changes in lipids composition, especially on the level of lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Histological analysis of zebrafish lacking elovl2 revealed increased retinal thickness compared to controls at day 7 without gross disruptions of retinal architecture. Finally, elovl2 crispants showed differences in the visual motor reflex light off (VMR-OFF) at day 7 compared to controls. In sum, inactivation of elovl2 in zebrafish embryos caused changes in lipid composition and in visual behavior further confirming the important role of LC-PUFAs in healthy vision.

scholarly journals Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Haag
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Omega 6

Objective: To review the role of essential fatty acids in brain membrane function and in the genesis of psychiatric disease. Method: Medline databases were searched for published articles with links among the following key words: essential fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexanoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, arachidonic acid, neurotransmission, phospholipase A2, depression, schizophrenia, mental performance, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry textbooks were consulted on the role of fatty acids in membrane function, neurotransmission, and eicosanoid formation. The 3-dimensional structures of fatty acids were obtained from the Web site of the Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona (2001). Results: The fatty acid composition of neuronal cell membrane phospholipids reflects their intake in the diet. The degree of a fatty acid's desaturation determines its 3-dimensional structure and, thus, membrane fluidity and function. The ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular, influences various aspects of serotoninergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission, as shown by studies in animal models. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes fatty acids from membrane phospholipids: liberated omega-6 PUFAs are metabolized to prostaglandins with a higher inflammatory potential, compared with those generated from the omega-3 family. Thus the activity of PLA2 coupled with membrane fatty acid composition may play a central role in the development of neuronal dysfunction. Intervention trials in human subjects show that omega-3 fatty acids have possible positive effects in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, but more data are needed to make conclusive directives in this regard. Conclusion: The ratio of membrane omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs can be modulated by dietary intake. This ratio influences neurotransmission and prostaglandin formation, processes that are vital in the maintenance of normal brain function.

scholarly journals The potential role of omega-3 fatty acids supplements in increasing athletic performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Șerban Gligor ◽  
Răzvan Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body itself and therefore must be provided through nutrition. Omega-6 and particularly omega-3 fatty acids have important roles in the organism, contributing to the maintenance and promotion of health. The optimal proportion of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is 2:1, or even better 1:1. They are involved in normal growth and development, play a role in the prevention of coronary and cardiovascular diseases, of diabetes mellitus, of arterial hypertension, arthritis and cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids mainly have an anti-inflammatory effect, but also act as hypolipidemic and antithrombotic agents. A potential role of omega-3 fatty acids is that of increasing physical performance. Their role in the physical activity refers on one side to the global health of athletes and on the other side to their anti-inflammatory effect, as high intensity physical exercise induces increased free-radical production and microtraumas, with the induction of an inflammatory status. The anti-inflammatory effect of these fatty acids manifests through an increased production of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, through decreasing the production of prostaglandins metabolites, decreasing the production of leukotriene B4, etc. They are also effective on reducing muscle pain post eccentric exercise and on decreasing the severity of bronchoconstriction induced by exercise, as well as improving pulmonary function variables. In conclusion it seems that supplementing diets with omega-3 fatty acids, apart from having benefic effects on health and on the prevention and management of certain affections, proves to be a beneficial for physical activity and athletic performance.

scholarly journals Elovl2 Is Required for Robust Visual Function in Zebrafish

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2583
Author(s):  
Manish Dasyani ◽  
Fangyuan Gao ◽  
Qianlan Xu ◽  
Donald Van Fossan ◽  
Ellis Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Retina Development ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Chain

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in membrane stability and cell signaling within the retina. ELOVL2 (Elongation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids-Like 2), an elongase involved in the synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), has recently been implicated in regulating aging in the mammalian retina. In this work, we characterize the expression and function of elovl2 in the retina development in embryonic zebrafish. Whole mount in situ hybridization shows elovl2 is expressed in the Muller glia in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Lipidomics analysis of elovl2 crispants whole embryos at day 2 and eyes at day 7 demonstrated significant changes in lipids composition, especially on the level of lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Histological analysis of zebrafish lacking elovl2 revealed increased retinal thickness compared to controls at day 7 without gross disruptions of the retinal architecture. Finally, elovl2 crispants showed differences in the visual motor reflex light off (VMR-OFF) at day 7 compared to controls. In sum, inactivation of elovl2 in zebrafish embryos caused changes in lipid composition and in visual behavior, further confirming the important role of LC-PUFAs in healthy vision.

Nutrition and Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 570-586
Author(s):  
Shazia Ali ◽  
Asiya Batool ◽  
Asma Tariq ◽  
Aashiq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Abid Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Vitamin B 12

Cancer is the second biggest killer worldwide. It has been estimated that specific lifestyle and dietary measures can prevent 30–40% of all cancers. Consumption of nutrient sparse foods, such as refined flour products and concentrated sugars, consumption of red meat, low fibre intake, and disproportion of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, contributes to cancer risks. Microbiological and chemical food contaminants as well as conventional and industrial food processing methods may further increase the carcinogenicity of diets while protective agents in a cancer prevention diet include folic acid, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, chlorophyll, and antioxidants such as the carotenoids, kryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein. Diet can also influence the gut microbes that may have positive or adverse effects on cancer risk. The authors summarize cancer prevention by functional foods and discuss the role of different dietary factors such as promoter or inhibitor in pathogenesis of different subtypes of cancer worldwide.

scholarly journals Creating a functional basis for the production of food emulsions

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Olga Feofilaktova ◽  
Dmitrij Grashchenkov ◽  
Dmitrij Karkh ◽  
Mikhail Lukinykh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Food Emulsions ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Time

Occurence dependence of a number of diseases on the breakdown of the population nutrition structure has been established for a long time. Epidemiological and clinical evidence supports the role of functional food ingredients in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The omega-3, -6, -7 and -9 fatty acids play a special role among them. Having a number of functional properties, they contribute to the prevention of a number of common diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. These mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids are among the most common vegetable oils. This article describes the technology of developing a functional fat base for emulsion food production based on a combination of several types of vegetable oils. The technology uses a specially designed computer program that allows to compose a combination of vegetable oils based on the optimal ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as well as with taking into account the physiological standards of consumption of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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