How and Why Diets Change Post Migration for Chinese Immigrants

Abstract Objectives Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is disproportionally greater in Chinese immigrants in Australia compared with in China. Dietary acculturation is implicated as a CVD risk factor. This study aimed to explored Chinese immigrants’ perspectives on how and why their diets change post migration. Methods An exploratory qualitative interview study was undertaken with adult Chinese migrants who had been living in Australia for less than 10 years. Semi-structured interview questions were designed to draw out participants’ experience, emotions and thoughts of dietary change. Interviews were conducted via Zoom in participants’ preferred language (Mandarin or English). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated into English for analysis. A constructivist approach was adopted to thematically analyse the interviews. Results A total of 11 participants were interviewed (n = 3 males and n = 8 females) and ranged in age from 22–68 years old with length of residence in Australia ranging from 1–8 years. Key themes pertaining to how and why dietary changes that occur post migration are: that breakfast is the first meal to change from Chinese to Western style, convenience is one of the primary drivers of change in dietary habits, dinner is most frequently maintained in Chinese style, cultural identity is an important influence on dietary habits, and awareness of dietary change among Chinese immigrants is low as evidenced through statements such as “not much has changed” when asked about differences in their diet, but further probing identified that their post migration diets were quite different from their diets in China. Participants also reported a lack of general healthy eating knowledge and lack of nutrition education from China. Conclusions Though diets of Chinese immigrants to Australia change post migration, particularly in relation to breakfast, due to convenience, awareness of this change is low. Low awareness of dietary change along with lack of knowledge relating to healthy eating, could be a mechanism for adoption of unhealthy dietary patterns that may contribute to increased chronic disease risk for Chinese immigrants over time. Funding Sources No funding to declare.

Download Full-text

Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3703

Author(s):

Ae-Rim Seo ◽

Tae-Yoon Hwang

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Blood Pressure Level ◽

The Elderly ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure Level

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly population in Korea. Methods: Cluster analysis was conducted on the data of 1687 elderly participants (797 men and 890 women) aged ≥65 years from the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), using a 24-h dietary recall survey to assess dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were classified into clusters 1 (typical Korean diet), 2 (high carbohydrate diet), and 3 (healthy diet). The 10-year risk of CVD was calculated based on age, total and HDL-cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure level, antihypertensive medication use, smoking status, and presence of diabetes. A complex sample general linear model was applied to determine the association between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of CVD. Results: In total, 275 (33.7%), 141 (17.9%), and 381 (48.3%) men, and 207 (22.6%), 276 (30.9%), and 407(46.6%) women were included in clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men in cluster 3 (healthy diet) than in those in cluster 1 (typical Korean diet) (t = 2.092, p = 0.037). Additionally, the 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men who performed strength training than in those who did not (t = 3.575, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in women. Conclusions: After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, men who consumed a healthy diet had a lower 10-year risk of CVD than those who consumed a typical Korean diet. When organizing nutrition education programs to improve dietary habits in the elderly, content on diets that consist of various food groups to prevent CVD is required. In particular, it is necessary to develop content that emphasizes the importance of healthy eating habits in men.

Download Full-text

Nutrition Knowledge is Correlated with a Better Dietary Intake in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/3519781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danilo C. Noronha ◽

Monique I. A. F. Santos ◽

Adrianny A. Santos ◽

Lizia G. A. Corrente ◽

Rúbia K. N. Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Cross Sectional

Nutrition education is one of the factors that may help to promote behavior change and therefore may improve the dietary habits of adolescent soccer players. However, information about the relationship between nutrition knowledge (NK) and the dietary behavior of these athletes is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the eating habits of adolescent soccer players and analyse the correlations among dietary intake and NK. Seventy-three Brazilian adolescent soccer players (aged 14–19 years), from four professional clubs, underwent anthropometric evaluation and completed 3-day food records. Misreporting of energy intake was evaluated and the dietary intake data were energy-adjusted and compared with recommendations for athletes and dietary reference intakes. The athletes also answered a questionnaire about barriers for healthy eating and a nutrition knowledge test divided into three sections: Basic Nutrition Knowledge (BNK), Sports Nutrition Knowledge (SNK), and Food Pyramid Nutrition Knowledge (FPNK). The participants showed a low NK (54.6%) and an inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, carbohydrates, and micronutrients. A positive correlation was found between the ingestion of phosphorus and FPNK as well as among calcium and both SNK and Total NK (p<0.05). Sodium intake was negatively correlated with all categories of the NK test (p<0.05). The adolescents reported that the principal barriers for adopting a healthy diet were the lack of willpower and a busy lifestyle. In this context, nutrition education is recommended and should also provide practicable healthy eating goals according to athletes´ lifestyle as well as target motivational barriers to increase adherence.

Download Full-text

Knowledge of dietary habit and behavior-related determinants of non-communicable disease in women of urban setting of Eastern Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v7i2.22264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dharanidhar Baral ◽

Sailesh Bhattarai ◽

Abha Shrestha ◽

Nisha Manandhar ◽

Nilambar Jha

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income

Background: The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the leading causes of death globally which accounts for 68% out of world’s 56 million deaths in 2012. Around 82% of the premature deaths due to NCDs occur in the low-and middle-income countries and 40% of global NCD-related deaths take place before the age of 70. The study aimed to assess knowledge of dietary habits and behaviour-related determinants of NCD in urban Nepalese women of Eastern Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed by using interviewer-administered questionnaire regarding knowledge on NCD. The definitions used for the study adopted the WHO STEP wise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey. A total 706 women aged 20–59 years were selected randomly from Inaruwa Municipality of Eastern Nepal. Results: The overall knowledge scores was found to be 62.14% with standard deviation 14.93% and it build up that the diet- and behaviour-related causes (mean score 75.25%), diet quality (mean score 45.27%) fruit and vegetable link (mean score 30.02%), health consequences of obesity (mean score 76.82%), causes of cardiovascular disease (mean score 77.08%) and causes of certain cancers (mean score 36.10%) were calculated. The total score of knowledge regarding NCD was found to be significant with caste/ethnicity, education level, occupation, socioeconomic status, physical activity and fruit intake. Conclusions: Findings revealed the population had good overall knowledge concerning diet and nutrition related to NCD in the relatively new context of the obesity epidemic in urban set up of Nepal. However, there was poor knowledge of the benefit of eating fruit and vegetables and other preventable causes of certain cancers. Nutrition education messages need to be communicated within the general population of women. Education targeting the benefits of vegetables and fruit may have the positive impact on NCD prevention.

Download Full-text

Putting Knowledge into Practice: Low-Income Women Talk about Food Choice Decisions

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17145092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 5092

Author(s):

Shelly M. Palmer ◽

Simon T. Knoblauch ◽

Donna M. Winham ◽

Molly B. Hiller ◽

Mack C. Shelley

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Low Income ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Food Choice ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Diet Change ◽

Model Framework

Insights into barriers and facilitators for healthy eating are needed to improve low-income women’s diets and to decrease disease risk. The study objectives were to explore women’s qualitative perceptions of influences on their food choices such as food security, their knowledge of nutrition-related health risk factors and self-efficacy for diet change, and their dietary intakes in practice. Thirty-six women, aged 19–50, who were eligible to receive income-based assistance were recruited in central Iowa. Focus group discussions on defining healthy foods, influences on food choice, and nutrition information sources were analyzed using a socioecological model framework. Demographics, nutrient intake estimates, food security status, health behaviors, and self-efficacy for nutrition behavior change were collected by survey. Most participants were White (61%), single (69%), food insecure (69%), and living with children (67%). Few women met dietary recommendations. Barriers to healthy eating include cost, convenience/preparation time, family taste preferences, and limitations of federal food assistance programs. Facilitators are high self-efficacy for nutrition change and health knowledge on average. These results challenge the strategy of using nutrition education to improve healthy eating and instead show that intervention messaging should focus on limited, achievable steps to improve dietary choices that fit within cost, convenience, and taste constraints.

Download Full-text

A Tele-Visit Nutrition Intervention Promoting Consumption of Healthy Foods and Beverages Among Adolescents Attending Rural Public Schools

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1350-1350

Author(s):

Sabrina Spencer ◽

Christi Arthur ◽

Joshua Phelps ◽

Reza Hakkak

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Before And After ◽

8Th Grade ◽

Carry Over ◽

Sugary Beverages

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this project was to assess dietary changes related to fruit, vegetable, sugary beverage, and caffeinated beverage intakes among adolescent participants attending rural public schools who received nutrition intervention via tele-visits. Methods Students 5th–8th grade from six public schools in rural areas of Arkansas voluntarily participated in a tele-visit nutrition education intervention. Students had the opportunity to participate in up to seven tele-visit sessions over a 6-month period. Each tele-visit consisted of a 20-minute one-on-one session addressing a specific nutrition-related topic. A 16-item retrospective questionnaire assessed dietary behaviors After then Before the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank and exact sign tests determined if there were statistically significant differences between the number of days per week fruits, vegetables, sugary beverages, caffeinated beverages, milk, and water were consumed Before and After intervention. Results Data from 29 participants revealed a statistically significant (P = 0.03) median increase (+1.00 day/week) in drinking 8 glasses of water per day After completion of the intervention (4.00 days/week) compared to Before the intervention (3.00 days/week). While not statistically significant (P > 0.05), other results indicated participants experienced positive changes in dietary habits, such as decreased frequency of soda (41% of participants), and sweet tea (41% of participants) consumption, and increased frequency of fruit (41% of participants) and vegetable (28% of participants) consumption. Conclusions While majority of results were not statistically significant, they demonstrated practical relevance among participants through positive changes in dietary habits. Use of tele-visits to reach adolescent populations in rural areas is worth further exploration, as positive changes during this age may have potential to carry-over into adulthood. Funding Sources Telehealth Network Grant Program.

Download Full-text

Perspective: The Application of A Priori Diet Quality Scores to Cardiovascular Disease Risk—A Critical Evaluation of Current Scoring Systems

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz059 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ghadeer S Aljuraiban ◽

Rachel Gibson ◽

Linda M Oude Griep ◽

Nagako Okuda ◽

Lyn M Steffen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Disease Risk ◽

A Priori ◽

Food Groups ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Population Groups ◽

Cvd Prevention

ABSTRACT Healthy dietary habits are the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Numerous researchers have developed diet quality indices to help evaluate and compare diet quality across and within various populations. The availability of these new indices raises questions regarding the best selection relevant to a given population. In this perspective, we critically evaluate a priori–defined dietary indices commonly applied in epidemiological studies of CVD risk and mortality. A systematic literature search identified 59 observational studies that applied a priori–defined diet quality indices to CVD risk factors and/or CVD incidence and/or CVD mortality. Among 31 different indices, these scores were categorized as follows: 1) those based on country-specific dietary patterns, 2) those adapted from distinct dietary guidelines, and 3) novel scores specific to key diet-related factors associated with CVD risk. The strengths and limitations of these indices are described according to index components, calculation methods, and the application of these indices to different population groups. Also, the importance of identifying methodological challenges faced by researchers when applying an index are considered, such as selection and weighting of food groups within a score, since food groups are not necessarily equivalent in their associations with CVD. The lack of absolute cutoff values, emphasis on increasing healthy food without limiting unhealthy food intake, and absence of validation of scores with biomarkers or other objective diet assessment methods further complicate decisions regarding the best indices to use. Future research should address these limitations, consider cross-cultural and other differences between population groups, and identify translational challenges inherent in attempting to apply a relevant diet quality index for use in CVD prevention at a population level.

Download Full-text

Evaluating adherence to recommended diets in adults: the Alternate Healthy Eating Index

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005938 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (1a) ◽

pp. 152-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Marjorie L McCullough ◽

Walter C Willett

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Health Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Men And Women ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Major Chronic Disease

AbstractObjectiveThe Healthy Eating Index (HEI), designed to assess adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid, was previously associated with only a small reduction in major chronic disease risk in US adult men and women. We assessed whether an alternate index would better predict risk.DesignDietary intake reported by men and women from two prospective cohorts was scored according to an a priori designed Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). In contrast with the original HEI, the AHEI distinguished quality within food groups and acknowledged health benefits of unsaturated oils. The score was then used to predict development of CVD, cancer or other causes of death in the same population previously tested.Subjects67 271 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 38 615 men from the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study.ResultsMen and women with AHEI scores in the top vs. bottom quintile had a significant 20% and 11% reduction in overall major chronic disease, respectively. Reductions were stronger for CVD risk in men (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.49–0.75) and women (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.86). The score did not predict cancer risk.ConclusionsThe AHEI was twice as strong at predicting major chronic disease and CVD risk compared to the original HEI, suggesting that major chronic disease risk can be further reduced with more comprehensive and detailed dietary guidance.

Download Full-text

Variation in the Content of Postpartum Visits by Maternal Race/Ethnicity, Preconception, and Pregnancy-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk, PRAMS, 2016-2017

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549211005814 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003335492110058

Author(s):

Kaitlyn K. Stanhope ◽

Michael R. Kramer

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

White Women ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Postpartum Visit ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Prevention Messages ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Cvd Prevention

Objectives Limited evidence suggests racial/ethnic disparities in postpartum visit attendance; however, little is known about patterns in postpartum visit content. We sought to determine whether receipt of screening and counseling varies by race/ethnicity and whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (preconception or pregnancy related) predicts postpartum visit content. Methods We used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2016-2017 (39 sites) to calculate the prevalence of self-reported receipt of screening, services, and counseling at the postpartum visit by race/ethnicity and CVD risk (unweighted analytic sample n = 59 427). We created a score representing receipt of 5 key screenings or messages at the visit (counseling on healthy eating and exercise, cigarettes, pregnancy spacing, and birth control methods; screening for depression), which we used as a binary indicator of visit content in regression models. We fit a logistic regression model to determine the magnitude of association between CVD risk and receipt of the 5 key messages, prevention screening, or CVD-specific counseling (on healthy eating and exercise, smoking), adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, and health insurance status. Results Overall, 40% of women reported receiving all CVD-specific prevention messages. Both prepregnancy and pregnancy-related CVD risk were associated with increased odds of receipt of CVD prevention messages (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3; and 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2, respectively). Race/ethnicity was a stronger predictor than CVD risk: non-Hispanic Black women were twice as likely as non-Hispanic White women to receive CVD prevention messages, regardless of CVD risk (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7-2.0). Conclusions Health systems should consider novel strategies to improve and standardize the content of postpartum visits.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of nutrition education accompanied by cooking demonstration

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-10-2016-0464 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 119 (5) ◽

pp. 1052-1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lynette Mei Lim Goh ◽

Agnes Xiao Yan Wong ◽

Gary Yee Ang ◽

Audrey Siok Ling Tan

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Education ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Education Session ◽

Content Type ◽

Long Run ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of delivering healthy eating messages through an interactive health corner (HC) on improving healthy dietary habits in participants. Design/methodology/approach Self-administered questionnaires were administered to participants after the education session. In total, 5,292 valid questionnaires were obtained, yielding a response rate of 93.3 per cent. In the last three months of the pilot study, a random sample of 305 from 1,493 participants was chosen and followed up six months later. Bivariate analysis was used to study the association of knowledge gained and attitude. Behavioural change was measured in terms of whether participants had reported an increase in their consumption of healthier food. Findings Majority (>98 per cent) of participants reported that the HC corner was useful, and had helped increase their awareness and knowledge of creating healthier meals and making healthier food choices. 95.7 per cent were willing to make changes after visiting the HC. At six months follow-up, 84 per cent of the participants reported positive changes in their dietary habits. Those who made positive changes were younger (mean age: 58.0 years) compared with those who did not (mean age 61.0 years, p=0.035). Research limitations/implications Incorporating cooking demonstrations as part of nutrition education is effective in inculcating healthy eating practices and changing self-reported eating habits in the short term. Further research is needed to verify actual change in eating habits and to determine if this change is sustainable in the long run. Originality/value Currently, no similar initiative has been implemented and studied to evaluate the effectiveness of this mode of health promotion in a primary care setting. This study will help the authors to evaluate if the intervention was effective in changing attitudes and behaviours after an education session at the HC.

Download Full-text

Hot Flashes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Among Women With HIV

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mabel Toribio ◽

Evelynne S Fulda ◽

Sarah M Chu ◽

Zsofia D Drobni ◽

Magid Awadalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Hot Flashes ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Hot Flash ◽

Risk Indices ◽

Women With Hiv

Abstract Women with HIV (WWH) transitioning through menopause have heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the general population, hot flash burden relates to CVD risk indices. We found higher hot flash burden among women with vs without HIV. Further, among WWH, hot flash burden related to select CVD risk indices. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration NCT02874703.

Download Full-text